2022版高考人教版英语一轮学案：必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture含解析

必修五BOOK5

Unit3Lifeinthefuture

--------［单元主题语境］-----人与自我之

健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度

（2018・高考北京卷）

话题：无人驾驶机器人汽车词数：493难

度：★★★★

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshas

oftenseemedlikeafuturistsdream,yearsaway

frommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefuture

isapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentof

MotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilfor

companiestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublic

roads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompanies

tosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andfor

companiestooperatedriverlesstaxi

services.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleading

thewayhere.c-o/mpanieshavebeentestingtheir

vehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.Itshardto

predictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereon

ourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnology

hasthepotentialtochangeourtransportation

systemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,

dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeen

focusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(and

rightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalking

abouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreduce

trafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermore

convenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrival

ofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethat

thosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyand

moreshared.

Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen——the

trafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imaginea

futurewheremostadultsownindividualself-driving

vehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoand

fromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycan

work,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,

whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheir

driverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheempty

vehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingfor

parking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupa

childorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-driving

minibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopleto

takepublictransport——anunwelcomesideeffect

researchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫车）

services.

AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaat

Davissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-powered

privatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingand

sharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfrom

transportation80%andcutthecostoftransportation

infrastructure（基石出设施）andoperations40%by

2O5O.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsound

prettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailable

driverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedby

ride-hailingservices,consideringthecostof

self-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityand

maintenanceissues（责任与维护问题）.But

driverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseastheprices

dropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththe

technology.

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabout

howtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverless

vehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthe

car-controlledtransportationsystemwehave

today.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancement

presentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodevelop

transportationsystemsdesignedtomovemore

people,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureis

coming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.

［语篇解读］本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨

论了有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问

题。

47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbe

paidtohowdriverlesscarscan.

A.helpdealwithtransportation-related

problems

B.providebetterservicestocustomers

C.causedamagetoourenvironment

D.makesomepeoplelosejobs

详细分析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句

“Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocused

onthesafety...offermoreconvenient,affordable

mobilityoptions.v可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的

关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等

方面。故选Ao

生素•A

48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor's

majorconcern?

ASafety.

B.Sideeffects.

C.Affordability.

D.Management.

详细分析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一

句“Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnow

about...thecar-controlledtransportationsystemwe

havetoday.”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策

的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要

扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，

故选D。

答案：D

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"helded”in

paragraph4probablymean?

A.Employed.

B.Replaced.

cShared.

D.Reduced.

详细分析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线

词所在句的前半部分内容“Thefirstcommercially

availabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainly”并名吉

合下句中“asthepricesdropandmorepeople

becomecomfortablewiththetechnology”可知，随

着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自

如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到

“叫车服务”中。故选A。

定案.A

50.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureof

self-drivingcars?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

CDisapproving.

D.Sympathetic.

详细分析：观点态度题。根据文章最后三句

话可推知作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来是充满希望

的。因此选B。

答案：B

一、语言能力

熟词生义/词类活用

1.environmentallyfriendly

环保的；不损害环境的

2.packed〃力.异常拥挤的

3.suggest”表明

4.appealing。力.有吸引力的

5.present”.提供

二、思维品质

1.阅读技巧——三步巧解作者态度观点题

(1)掌握三个解题切入点：①论述方法；②措

辞；③语气。

(2)明确作者三类态度：①支持、赞同、乐观;

②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。第

50题，根据最后一段最后两句"Thecarofthe

futureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.”可矢口，

无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的

到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐

观的态度。

(3)干扰项的五个特征：①漠不关心；②模糊

表达；③绝对化；④过于强烈；⑤文中其他人的

态度。

2.分析长难句并翻译句子

Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfrom

workonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,

entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,which

encouragesurbanspread.

［分析］toandfromwork表示"上下班”，

because引导原因状语从句,which引导非限制性

定语从句，指代前面整个先行句。

［翻译1他们容忍上下班时在拥挤的公路上长

时间、缓慢的旅程，因为他们可以在乘车时工作、

娱乐或者睡觉，这促使了城市的蔓延。

三、文化素养

思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你怎样看待人

工智能？

人工智能是引领未来的战略性技术。人工智

能已成为经济发展的新引擎、社会发展的加速器,

人工智能技术正在渗透并重构生产、分配、交换、

消费等经济活动各个环节，形成从宏观到微观各

领域的智能化新需求、新产品、新技术、新业态,

改变人类生活方式甚至社会结构，实现社会生产

力的整体跃升。

必备知识•自主梳理教材知识回扣基础能力自测

授课提示：对应学生用书第147页

NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记

多

01核心单

词

［先识记］

请根据汉语提示完成下列词块

1.constantinterruptions无休止的干扰

2.instantcoffee速溶咖啡

3.lackconfidence缺乏自信

4.fastenittoatree把它系在树上

5.toleratethenoise忍受噪音

6.aflashoflightning一道闪电

7.apreviousmarriage前一段婚姻

8.agreedylittleboy一个贪吃的小男孩

9.anoptimisticmood乐观的情绪

10.turnintodesert变成沙漠

11.accordingtothetimetable根据时刻表

12.alastingimpression持久的印象

13.foreignpress夕卜国报干U

14.alightswitch电灯开关

请填入括号内单词的正确形式

1.Youcanadjustthedesksandchairstothe

heightofthestudentsastheadjustmentisnot

difficulttomake.(adjust)

2.Throughconstantinnovationofmanyyears,

thecompanyhasimproveditsproductquality

constantly.(constant)

3.Infact,Ithinkanimalattractioncanbe

instant-youcanseeanelephantinstantlygofor

anotherelephant.(instant)

4.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmy

classandnoonewillbetolerantofthat.(tolerate)

5.ThecityofHangzhouisreallyanimpressive

place.EspeciallythefamousWestLakealways

leavesquiteanimpressiononthevisitors.Iwas

stronglyimpr回sedbyitsbeautythefirsttimeI

visitedit.(impress)

6.Thefamousstarwasenjoyingthepleasant

surroundingswhenhewasrecognizedandwas

surroundedbyacrowdoffans.(surround)

7.Anofficialwassenttosettletheproblembut

differentopinionsoftwosidesdestroyedallthe

hopesofapeacefulsettlement.(settle)

8.Thefirmispressingmeforadecisionand

thepressurefrommyparentsisquiteunbearable,so

Ihavetoacceptthisnewjob.(press)

02阅读单

词.................................

标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆

□typist□tablet□capsule

□swallow□stewardess□aspect

□carriage□steward□citizen

□mask□button□manufacture

□imitate□motivation□goods

□pessimistic□receiver□representative

NO.2短语——在拼写中记牢，在联想中积

累

［必会短语］

请根据汉语提示完成下列词块

1.asaresult结果；因此

2.bebackonone'sfeet(困境后)恢复

3.takeupyourtime占用你的时间

4.sufferfromthecold患感冒

5.slideintotheroom溜进房间

6.begreedyforpower贪图权力

7.(a)lackofexperience缺乏经验

8.losesightofthisfact忽略这个事实

9.sweepupalltheglass把玻璃清扫干净

10.speedupthecar加快车速

11.remindmeofthepast使我想起过去

12.fleeinalldirections向四面逃去

［词汇积累］

1.单复数意义不同的名词集锦

］good善行；好处Jtime时间

①［goods货物②［times时代

custom习惯；风俗

③

customs海关

instruction指导

④V.

instructions法说明

…pain痛苦sand沙子

⑤广⑥

pains辛苦；努力sands沙滩

[work工作[look脸色；看

,[works工厂；作品81looks容貌

2.男女有别

①[steward男乘务员；男服务员

[stewardess女乘务员；女服务员

waiter男月艮务员

②

waitress女服务员

actor男演员

actress女演员

host男主人

[hostess女王人

3.“v.+from”短语荟萃

①sufferfrom遭受

©resultfrom因....而起

③adaptfrom从....改编

©escapefrom从...逃月兑

⑤benefitfrom从...中获益

⑥diefrom死于

©datefrom4台于....

⑧hearfrom收到某人的来信

NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学

通

请根据提示完成下列句子

1.“主语+be+形家词+不定式”结构主动

表被动

英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表

达。

Englishhasahugenumberofcolourfuland

splendidexpressionswhichmaybedifficultto

understand.

2.过去分词短语作状语

假如给予更多的关心和照顾，这个孩子就不

会变得如此自私和淘气。

Givenmoreattentionandcaring,thechild

wouldn'thavebecomesoselfishandnaughty.

3.形衮词在句中作原因状语

由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起

来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。

Toonervous>Icouldn'tthinkofanythingatthe

beginningoftheexam.However,Ididn'tworrybut

triedtocalmmyselfdown.

4.地皮状语放于句首，句子用完全倒装

在农场的房子的前面有一棵1000多年树龄

的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。

Infrontofthehousesonth。farmstandsatall

treewithahistoryof1,000years,whichisprotected

bythegovernmentnow.（2020・新高考全国卷I）

核心考点•互动探究精研核心要点突破重点难点

授课提示：对应学生用书第148页

1.toleratevt.容忍;忍受

［写作佳句］IfIwereherstaff,Ireallywouldn't

toleratebeingscoldedbyhereveryday.

如果我是她的员工，我真的不能忍受每天被

她责骂。

［归纳拓展］(l)tolerate(one's/sb.)doingsth.容

忍(某人)做某事

(2)tolerancen.宽容；宽恕

tolerantadj.容忍的；宽容的

［实战演练］

基础练透——单句语法填空

①Ican'ttolerateworking(work)withKatein

thesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhile

sheworks.

©Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbroken

thevase,shegavehimatolerant(tolerate)smileand

lethimgo.

能力提升——词汇升级

③Whenhewentabroad,hefoundthenew

surroundingshardtobear.

fWhenhewentabroad,hefoundthenew

surroundingshardtotolerate/putupwith.

［实战贴士］“容忍；忍受”的种种表达

©tolerate忍受②bear”.忍受③stand

vt.忍受④putupwith忍受；容忍

2.lackvt.&vi.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺

的东西

［写作佳句］Theylackphysicalexerciseandthe

skilltocommunicatewiththeirfriendsfacetoface.

他们缺乏身体锻炼和面对面与朋友交流的能

力。

［归纳拓展］(l)forlackof因缺乏...

alackof缺乏...

(2)lacking。力’.短缺的；缺乏的

belackingin缺少...

［实战演练］

基础练透——单句语法填空

①Thereisalackofcommunicationbetween

thechildandhisparents.

©Thoughlacking(lack)money,hisparents

managedtogethimwelleducated.

能力提升——一句多译

他缺乏与他人交流的技能，因此在比赛中失

败了。

@Helackedtheskilltocommunicatewith

others,sohefailedinthecompetition.(lackvt.)

(4)Hewaslackingintheskilltocommunicate

withothers,sohefailedinthecompetition.(lacking

in)

⑤Lackingtheskilltocommunicatewith

others,hefailedinthecompetition4分词作状语)

@Forlackoftheskilltocommunicatewith

others,hefailedinthecompetition.(介词短语)

［实战贴士］lack作名词时常与介词of连用；

作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被

动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介

词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。

3.pressvi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；

印刷；新闻

［写作佳句］Pressedbymyfriendsand

relations，Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.

在朋友和家人的催促下，我决定抓住机会。

［归纳拓展］(1)press...against/to...把...压/

挤/贴在……

presssb.todosth.极力劝说/敦促/勉强某人做

某事

(2)pressuren.压(力)；压强；强制

putpressureon…给...施压

underpressure面临压力；受到压力

［实战演练］

基础练透——单句语法填空

①Itisnotwisetopressthemtoleave

(leave)heresoearly.

②Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehigh

bloodpressure(press)ortodiefromheartattacks.

③Iknowstudyingisveryimportant,butmy

parentsputtoomuchpressureonme.

能力提升——完成句子

④Nomatterhowmuchpressureyouare

under,youwillnevergiveuphalfway.

无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途而废。

4.instantn.瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻

的

［文化金句］Theinstanttheyarrivedatour

school,theycouldn'twaittovisitourteahouse,

wherealotofteasetswereondisplay.

他们一到我们学校，就迫不及待地参观我们

的茶馆，那里陈列着许多茶具。(2018•高考北京卷)

［归纳拓展］⑴foraninstant一瞬间；顷刻

inaninstant=instantly立亥“；马上

theinstant(=instantly)+从句

(2)themoment/theminute+从句；

instantly/immediately/directly+从句,

......就....

［实战演练］

基础练透——完成语段

①Atthegateofabar,hecameacrosshis

previousteacher.Whenaskedwhathewasdoing

there,hecouldn'tanswerforaninstant(一瞬间)and

leftthereinaninstantTheinstant/InstanHy

hegothome(他一至U家)，heclosedthedoorandwas

lostinthought.

能力提升——一句多译

一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里

了。

②Theinstant/moment/minutehearrivedatthe

theatre,hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimwas

leftathome.(instant/moment/minute)

③Instantly/Immediate］y/Dirvctlyhearrivedat

thetheatre,hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimwas

leftathome.(instantly/immediately/directly)

④On/Uponarrivingatthetheatre,hefoundthe

ticketafriendgavehimwasleftathome.(on/upon)

5.takeup占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；

开始；接受；拿起；从事

［写作佳句］Smartphonesnotonlytakeupour

valuabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且非

常不利于我们的身体健康。

［归纳拓展］takeoff脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事

业腾飞

takeover接管；获得对...的控制或管理

takedown写下；记下；拆除

takein吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗

takeon呈现；雇用；承担；从事

［实战演练］

基础练透——一词多义

①Wetriedtofindatable,buttheywereall

takenup.占据

②Iputthetelephonedownandtookupmy

workagain.继续

③Hewaseagertotakeupsomejob.从事

@I'mgoingtotakeupthechallengewithout

areuiiiH.接受

能力提升---用take短语完成下面语段(take

in,takeon,takeoff,takeover)

⑤Aftertakingoverthecompanyfromhis

father,hetookinsomeadvancedideasandtookon

someskillfulworkers，whichsuggeststhathis

companywilltakeoffsoon.

6.losesightof...看不见...；忽略....

［写作佳句］Onlyashort-sightedmanwilllose

sightoftheimportanceofeducation.

只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要

性。

［归纳拓展］(l)catchsightof望见；看到

comeintosight进入视野内；映入眼帘

losesightof看不到

(2)atthesightof看到

outofsight看不到；在视野之外

atfirstsight乍一看；初看时

［实战演练］

基础练透——用sight短语填空

①Theyfellinloveatfirstsight,andthree

monthslater,theygotmarried.

②Wemustnotlosesightofouroriginalaim.

③Attherailwaystation,themotherwaved

goodbyetoherdaughteruntilthetrainwasoutof

sight.

能力提升——词汇升级

@1sawhergettingonthebuswhenIcameout

ofthestore.

-*Icaughtsightofhergettingonthebuswhen

Icameoutofthestore.

7.过去分词(短语)作状语

［教材原句］Hitbyalackoffreshair,myhead

ached.

由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。

［归纳拓展］(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作

状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让

步、方式、伴随等。

(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一

致。

(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为

动宾关系。

［实战演练］

基础练透——单句语法填空

①Offered(offer)animportantroleinanew

movie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.

©Located（locate）inthecentraldistrict,the

Xi'anHoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowest

price.

@Ordered（order）overaweekago,thebooks

areexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

能力提升——一句多译

从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。

④Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehigh

building,theparklooksevenmorebeautiful.（时间

状语从句）

©Seenfromthetopofthehighbuilding,the

parklooksevenmorebeautiful.（分词作状语）

©Seeingfromthetopofthehighbuilding,I

findtheparkevenmorebeautiful.（分词作状语）

8.形容词（短语）作状语

［教材原句］Exhausted,Islidintobedandfell

fastasleep.

我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。

［归纳拓展］形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方

式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句

中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

［实战演练］

基础练透——单句语法填空/句型转换

①Seriouslyinjured(injure),hewassenttothe

nearesthospitalatonce.

②Luckily(lucky),Ipassedthedrivingtest

easily.

能力提升——句型转换

(3)Shesuddenlyappearedandseemedhappy

andsatisfied.

-*Shesuddenlyappeared,happyandsatisfied.

©Becausehewastiredandhungry,theywent

intoarestaurant.

fTiredandhungry,theywentintoa

restaurant.

［实战贴士］形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说

明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。

如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应

用副词作状语。

■跟踪检测.巩固提升密田东——萃取知识精华课后巩固提升

授课提示：对应学生用书第150页

［教材与高考］

I.阅读理解障碍词

1.阅读词汇认知

①（2018・高考全国卷I）AndMP3players,

smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin

2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin

2007.几平板电脑

②（陕西卷）Peterwilltakeuphispostasthe

headofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.

从事

③（福建卷）Yourglassesmaysomedayreplace

yoursmartphone,andsomeNewYorkersareready

fortheswitch.几转换

④（重庆卷）Whatseemsstrange,however,is

thatthestandardadoptedforwomenistheopposite

oftheoneformen.Takealookatthewayyour

clothesbutton,v.扣上纽扣

2.一词多义

①（2020-高考江苏卷）Theyfirstfound10

overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoung

men,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.C

A.几代表；典型人物

B.典型的

C.4力•.有代表性的

②（四川卷）Afteraweek,thetwogroups

switchedwithparticipants.A

A转换

B.开关

II.语言运用高频点

1.语法填空

①（2020•高考浙江卷）Afewcharactersareused

tocreateasingleimpression（impress）growingout

ofthetheme.

②（2019・高考全国卷II）Thisiswhat

motivation（motivate）orthelackofitcando.

③（2018-高考全国卷I）Knowingsome

Chinesetablemannerswillhelpyoumakeagood

impression（impress）onyourChinesefriend.

@Ifsomethingdoesn'tsuityou,justtellme

aheadoftimesothatIcanmakenecessary

adjustments（adjust）.

⑤（全国卷I）Herlackofpropertraininginlaw

gotherrejectedbythelawfirm.

2.完形填空

①（2020•高考江苏卷）WhenWilsonreturned

homefromhospitaltwomonthslater,hisparents

attemptedtofindawaytodealwiththecatastrophe

thathadhappenedtotheirlives.ButWilsondidnot

regardtheaccidentas46.Helearnedbraille（盲

文）quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcester

CollegefortheBlind.

A.fantastic

B.extraordinary

C.impressive

D.catastrophic

详细分析：词语复现题。根据前句findaway

todealwiththecatastrophe,可知此处用

catastrophic"灾难性的"，威尔逊没有把这次事

故看作是灾难性的。fantastic极好的；extraordinary

非凡的；impressive印象深刻的。故选D。

答案：D

②（2019•高考江苏卷）Howcanwebridgethe

ever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfrom