2022届初中英语二轮复习语法专项讲解训练情态动词

PAGE情态动词can/could表示“能力”，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。例Canyouliftthisheavybox?表示推测，通常用于否定句，can’t表示“不可能”，用于表示把握比较大的推测。例Thatcan’tbeMary,forsheisinhospital.表示“请求”和“许可”(could用来表示“请求”时，是委婉的说法，回答时一般用can)。例--Couldyoupleasedomeafavor?--Yes,Ican.①-Finishdrawingahorseintenminutes.OK？-Sorry.It________insuchashorttime.maydoB.can’tbedoneC.mustdoD.needn’tbedone②_______sheridewhenshewasthreeyearsold？CanB.CouldC.NeedD.May答案：①B②Bmay/mightmay和might在肯定句中表示“允许”，在疑问句中表示“请求”。might表示请求时，对其进行肯定回答用may/can,而不用might；对于may的疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes,youmay.”，否定回答用“No,youcan't/musn't.”例─MayIgofishingwithyoutomorrow?─Yes,youmay./No,youcan't/mustn’t.表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，比can的可能性小。通常不用于疑问句中。例Shemaybeathometoday.may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。例Mayyoubehappyforever.①-________Ihaveyourname，please？-Yes，Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L.A.MustB.WillC.MayD.Need②-MayIgotothecinema，dad？-No，you________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn’tB.won’tC.don’tD.needn’t③-WhatdoyousendtoyoursisterasaChristmasgift?-Ihaven'tdecidedyet.I________sendherahandbag.答案：①C②A③may可能性can﹥could﹥may﹥might礼貌程度might﹥may﹥could﹥canmust表示义务、必要性、命令等，意为“必须，应该”，更强调主观态度。例Youmustfinishyourhomeworkthisafternoon.Youmustn’tsmokehere.表示推测。语气最为肯定，一般用于肯定句，意为“一定，准是”。例Shemustbetiredaftersuchalongwalk.注意：其否定形式为mustn’t,意为“不许，禁止”。若要表示“不必须，没必要”时，则用don'thaveto或needn't；若表示“不可能”时，用can't.练习①Thedeskisnotdirty.You_______cleanit.A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tD.can’t②—IsJessicagivingusaspeechthisevening?--No,it________beher.She________toJapan.A.mustn’thasgoneB.mustn’thasbeenC.can’thasgoneD.can’thasbeen答案：①C②C③mayhaveto表示客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”，强调客观上的必要性。例Youhavetobebackbefore10o’clockbecausethetrainleavesat10:05.shall征求对方意见。用于主语是第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中。例Henryiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein,sir?表示说话者给出的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等。用于主语是第二人称或第三人称的陈述句中。例Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.TellJerryheshallgetagiftifheisnice.在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等。例Thosebelongingtoourclubshallwearuniforms.should表示劝告、建议、命令或义务。例Youshouldlearntorespectyourelders.Youshouldhelphimbecauseheisintrouble.表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为“竟会，竟然”。例It’sapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?oughtto意为“理应，应该”，表示一种义务或从道理或道义上来讲的一种责任，可用should替换。例Yououghttostudyhard.意为“应该，应是”，表示一种推测，可用should替换。例Heishonest,sowhathesaidoughttobetrue.will/would表示意愿，自愿或主动提出做什么。例Iwillhelpyouifyoumeetwithtrouble.2.表示请求，would比will语气委婉。例Wouldyoupleaseletmehavealook?3.表示习惯或倾向。will用于表示一般的习惯，would用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动。例Jealousywillspoilfriendship.Hewouldcometohelpuswhenhewasfree.will表示规律性的“注定会”。例Youwillfailifyoudon'tworkhard.Manwilldiewithoutair.need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn’t表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答是用needn’t。例Thisisafreeservice;youneedn’tpayforit.─NeedIhandintheapplicationnow?─Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.dare意为“敢，胆敢”，作情态动词时后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。例Howdareshedothingslikethattome?─Dareyoucatchthemouse?─No,Idarenot.练习─Ihavepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.─Doyoumeanwe________bringanythingwithus?A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shan’tD.needn’tDayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but________saywherehewas.Amustn’tBshouldn’tCwouldn’tDmightn’tItwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,_______bringmefood.AmightBwouldCshouldDcouldYou______buyagift,butyoucanifyouwant.AmustBmustn’tChavetoDdon’thavetoThenewlawstatesthatpeople______driveafterdrinkingalcohol.Awouldn’tBneedn’tCwon’tDmustn’t─Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtorain.─Well,Idon’tknow.It_____do.AmightBneedCwouldDshould─_________Itakethebookout?─I’mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.Need8.He____sleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.Awouldn’tBshouldn’tCcouldn’tDmustn’t9.—Whatdoyouwanttoeatforlunch?1willprepareearliertoday,—Honey,you____________.Let'sgoouttohavesomethingdifferent.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.shouldn'tD.don'thaveto10.--IsthatournewEnglishteacher?--Well,it____be,butIamnotquitesure.AshouldBmight