2022届高考英语一轮复习 阅读小题之说明文（含答案）

2022高考英语阅读小题优练之说明文(含答案)

(A)

InEurope,manypeoplemakefriendsbetweentheircountriesthroughtown

twinning.Townorcitytwinningmeanstwotownsindifferentcountriesagreeand

decidetobecome“twins“withasistercityrelationship.

Thepeoplefindpenfriendsinthetwintown.Theyexchangenewspapersand

stamps.Theschoolteachersdiscussteachingmethodswiththeteachersinthetwin

town.Officialsvisitthetwintownfbrcelebrations.Ordinarypeopletraveltothetwin

town,too,butnotveryoftenifitisfaraway.

Sometimes,schoolsevenexchangetheirclassesfortwoorthreeweeks!For

example,Germanmiddleschoolstudentsstudyforawhileattheschoolintheir

twintowninBritain,stayingwithBritishfamilies.Afewmonthslater,theirBritish

friendscometostudyinGermany.

ManyBritishtownsaresopleasedwiththeresultsofthetwinningthattheyset

outtofindmorethanonetwintown!

Tonbridge,asmalltowninKent,forexample,hastwintowninbothGermany

andFrance.RichmondnearLondonhasrelationshipswithGermany,Franceandeven

atowninaBalkancountry!

Towntwinningcanhelpmakefriends.lthelpsstudentsimprovetheirlanguage

skills,andalsohelpspeopletounderstandthedifferencesbetweennations.

1.Twintownsdevelop.

A.betweenEuropeancountriesandChina

B.intheEnglish-speakingcountriesonly

C.inthesamecountry

D.betweendifferentcountries

2.Howmanycountriesarementionedinthepassage?

A.4.B.5.C.6.D.7.

3.Oneoftheadvantagesoftowntwinningis.

A.toearnmoremoney

B.tosetupschools

C.toimprovestudents1languageskills

D.todevelopindustryandagriculture

4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A-TownTwinning

B・FriendlyTowns

C.ExchangingTeachersandStudents

D.PeaceandUnderstanding

(B)

Eachyear,millionsofchildrenaroundtheworldareunabletogotoschool.To

drawattentiontothiswidespreadproblem,theUnitedNations(UN)isputting

educationfirst.Recently,theUNscreenedadocumentaryfilmcalledBackto

SchooLThefilmisthesecondinaseriesofdocumentaries(纪录片)fortheproject

TimeforSchool.

Thesefilmsfollowsevenchildrenfromsevendifferentcountries.This

12-yearprojectbeganin2003,whenthechildrenfirststartedschool.uThis

issomethingwecoulddotohelptheeducationcrisisintheworld,"said

producerandwriterJudyKatz.uDocumentaryfilm-makerscangetdeeply

involvedinaproblemanddosomethingaboutit.”

Morethan100millionchildrenwillneversetfootinaschool.Sixtypercentof

thosechildrenaregirls.CherylFaye,headoftheUNGirlsEducationInitiative,spoke

aboutthemanyfactorsthatpreventgirlsfromgettinganeducation.Oneproblemis

thelongdistancemanychildrenmusttraveltogettoschool.Also,girlsinmany

culturesaretraditionallyexpectedtomarryearlyandworktohelptheirfamilies."We

needtomakeaspecialeffortforgirls,“Fayesaid.

AspartoftheUN'sMillenniumgoals,theorganizationwantedeverysinglechild

togetatleastanelementaryeducation.

StudentsfromLawrenceMiddleSchoolinNewYorkweredeeplymovedafter

theysawthefilm.Theseventh-gradeclassisraisingmoneytohelpbuildalibraryon

theoutskirtsofNairobi,Kenya,whereJoab-achildinthedocumentary-lives.The

classteacher,KarenWeiner,andtheclassareknownintheirschoolasthe“Kenya

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crew”.AllthekidswerereallyhappytosupportJoabandsaidtheyfeltgreatabout

theirfund-raisingeffbrts.Liketheseventh-gradersatLawrenceMiddleSchool,kids

canworktogethertomakeadifferenceinplaceslikeNairobi.Byraisingmoney

foreducation,kidscanhelpchildrenontheothersideoftheworldhaveachanceofa

better,happierlife.

1.WhatsthepurposeoftheUNscreeningthedocumentaryfilmBackto

School?

A.Toraiseawarenessoftheneedforglobaleducation.

B.Toshowtheachievementswhichhavebeenmadeinthepastfewyears.

C.Toraisefundsforglobaleducation.

D.Toencourageallthechildrentocomebacktoschool.

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldnotbethefactorthatpreventsgirlsfromgettingan

education?

A.Longdistancefromschool.

B.Beingbornweak.

C.Helpingworkforthefamily.

D.Earlymarriage.

3.Whyaretheclassteacher,KarenWeiner,andtheclassconsideredas"Kenya

crew”？

A.Becausetheyaretryingtheirgreateffortstoraisemoneyfortheeducationof

Kenyachildren.

B.BecausetheyareactorsinthedocumentaryfilmBacktoSchool.

C.BecausetheyaremostlyfromKenya,wherethechildinthedocumentary

lives.

D.BecausetheyallhavethesameexperienceasJoab,theKenyachild.

4.Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses.

A.Americanmiddleschoolstudents1desiretogotoKenya

B.thecontentofthedocumentaryfilmBacktoSchool

C.anexampleofbeinginspiredtotakeactionafterseeingthefilm

D.howstudentsfromLawrenceMiddleSchoolraisemoneyfbrtheireducation

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（C）

Thebeachmayseemlikeaninvitingplacetorunonacoolsummermorning,but

isrunningonthesandgoodforyourbody?Itcanbe,butit'simportanttoknowthe

challengesthatsomebeachrunnersexperience.

Runningonthebeachcanbeagoodthing.Ifscertainlydifferentfromrunningon

thepavementoratrack.Forstarters,sandcanbeachallengebecauseithasanuneven

（不平坦的）surface.Asyoupushoff,you'regoingtolosesomeofyourpushasthe

sandmoves.So,you'renotgoingtobeabletopushyourselfforwardasyouwouldon

atrackorapavement.Butthisunevennesshasanupside:Itgivesyourbodyanextra

workout,forcingyoutoexercisemusclesthatdon'tgetasmuchuseduringrunson

firmsurfaces.Forinstance,yourfeet,anklesandlowerbackmightfeelsorerandmore

tiredthanusualafterabeachrunjustbecausethatsurfaceisconstantlymovingand

changingsteptostep.

Youalsomightfeelsoreafterwardbecausebeachestendtoslope（倾斜）downto

thewater.Ifyou'regoingforalongrunonthebeach,youmightnoticethatonesideof

yourbodymightfeelsorerbecauseyou'reputtingmorepressureonitduetothe

slope.

Somebeachrunnersprefertorunbarefbot.However,ifyouienotusedto

barefootrunning,startslowlyanddon'trunlongdistancesatfirst.That'sbecause

runningbarefootusesdifferentmusclesthanrunningwithshoesdoes,andit's

importanttostrengthenthesemusclesandadapt（使适应）yourfeet.Ifyouwanttorun

barefoot,it'sgreat,buteaseintoit.

Inspiteofthesechallenges,runningonthesandcanbeasmartchoiceforyou,

becauserunningonsoftergroundsurfacescanreducemuscledamage.

1.Whyisitdifficulttorunonthebeach?

A.Thesoftsurfacemakespeoplefallovereasily.

B.Ittakesmuchefforttorunonitsmovingsurface.

C.Peopleneedtoruncarefullyonitsunevensurface.

D.It'shardtokeepone'sbalanceonitsslopingsurface.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“upside”underlinedinParagraph2?

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A.Advantage.B.Reason.

C.Character.D.Challenge.

3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetobarefootrunning?

A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.

C.Doubtful.D.Impersonal.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Isrunningonthebeachgoodforyourbody?

B・Doyouneedtoadaptyourselftobeachrunning?

C.Whatarethechallengesofrunningonthesand?

D.Whydoyoufeelsoreafterrunningonthebeach?

（D）

OneeveninginMay,twoscientistsinaforestinIndiaheardacuriousnoise."It

soundedlike'tik-tik-tik',"recallsoneoftheresearchers,SathyabhamaDasBiju.

BijuisabiologistattheUniversityofDelhiinIndia.Heknewthatfrogswere

likelymakingthesounds.Soheclimbedabout10metersupintothetreeand

discoveredthatthenoisescamefrombrownish-greenfrogswithoval-shapedheads

andlonglegs.Thefrogswerelivinginsidethetreehollows。同）.Biju'steamsetoutto

identifythefrog.Theyeventuallyfiguredoutthatthespecieshadbeenfirstobserved

inIndiaabout140yearsago.Noonehadseenitsincethen.Peoplehadthoughtitwas

nowextinct.Thefrogs,though,hadjustbeenhidingoverheadinthetreehollows.

Thisfrogisjustoneofmanycreaturesthatliveinsuchtreehollows.Fromowls

inJapantobearsinAustralia,wildlifearoundtheworldnestlesintothese

hollows.Insidetheholes,theanimalsraisetheiryoungandhidefromtheirnatural

enemiesandbadweather.

Thereisnosinglewaytomakeatreehollow.Awoodpecker（啄木鸟）canmake

aholeinatreewithinafewweeksormonths.ltwillusethathollowtoproduceyoung

andthenusuallyleaveit.Otherspeciesmaylatermovein.Lightningmightstrikethe

tree,orstrongwindsmightbreakoffabranch.Bacteriamayeatawayatthedamaged

site,creatingahollow.Thisprocesscantakehundredsofyears.

Thenumberoftreehollowsisdropping.Peopleareclearingforeststosellthe

woodortomakespaceforfarmsandbuildings.Bijusays,“Treehollowsare

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particularlyimportant.Someanimalscan'tliveanywhereelse.Theyusethemfor

everything.^^Histeamarenowsavingoldtreesthathavebeencutdown.Theysetup

thetreesinsteelcylinders（钢筒）inthegroundsothatanimalscanusethehollows

again.

1.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?

A.Bydescribingaparticularincident.

B・Byintroducingaresearchgroup.

C.Bychallengingageneralview.

D.Bylistinginterestingfacts.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthefrogmentionedinParagraph2?

A.IthasnotbeenidentifiedinIndiabynow.

B.IthaslivedinIndiafor140years.

C.Itisakindofalienspecies.

D.ItstillexistsinIndia.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastbutoneparagraph?

A.Manyanimalsarefullydependentontreehollows.

B.Treehollowsaremainlymadebywoodpeckers.

C.It'seasyforanimalstofindtreehollows.

D.Treehollowsforminaslowway.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceoftreehollowstoanimals.

B.Theconsequencesofcuttingdowntrees.

C.Thesurvivalofararespeciesoffrog.

D.Theprotectionofforestanimals.

（E）

Angus,Doris,GabrielandKamilaresomeofthe21namesthathavebeen

chosentobegiventostormsintheUKinthe2016/17season.

TheMetOffice,theUK'snationalweatherservice,decidedtogivestormsboys'

andgirls1namesin2015inthesamewayastheydidinAmerica.

TheMetOfficehopesthatnamingbigstormswillmeanpeoplearemoreaware

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（意识至Ij）ofthemandhowdangeroustheycanbe.DerrickRyall,fromtheMetOffice,

said,“Wehaveseenhownamingstormselsewhereintheworldraisespeople's

awarenessofstormsbeforetheybreak.”

Inthepast,thesameUKstormcouldbegivendifferentnamesbydifferent

organisations."Wenoticedthatmanyorganisationsduringthelastcoupleofwinters,

whenwehavehadbadstorms,startedgivingnamestothem.ThinkbacktotheSt

Jude'sDaystormin2013,andtheso-calledHurricaneBawbaginScotlandin

2011.Butitledtoconfusion（混舌L）,"aMetOfficespokeswomansaid.

AccordingtotheMetOffice,thereisanamefbreachletterofthewhole

alphabet（字母表），exceptforQ,U,X,YandZ.Thatisthesameasthenaming

traditionusedinAmerica.Andnotallstormswillbebigenoughtogetnames-only

thoseexpectedtocausegreatdamage.

Iftherearemorethan21stormsinayear,theMetOfficewillstartagainwith

anothernamebeginningwith"A”・However,accordingtoMetOfficespokeswoman

LindsayMears,"It'sunlikelywewouldgetthroughthewholealphabetinone

season.Wehad14stormsintheveiybadwinterof2013/14,andifthenamingsystem

hadbeeninoperationthenwewouldn'thaveusedthewholealphabet.,,

1.WhyarestormsintheUKnamed?

A.Toincreasepublicawarenessofthem.

B.Toremindpeopleoftheirshortstay.

C.Tofollowwhatothercountriesdid.

D.Tomeettheneedsofitspeople.

2.ExamplesaregiveninParagraph4toshow.

A.therefremanystormstonameinayear

B・organisationsnamedstormsdifferently

C.somestorms*namesaresimilartoothers1

D.somestorms*namesarehardtounderstand

3.Whatdoweknowaboutthenamesgiventostorms?

A.Stormswillbegivennameswhatevertheirsizes.

B.Seriousstormswillbegivenboys*names.

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C.21letterswillbeusedtobeginthenames.

D.21nameswillbegivenatmostinayear.

4.WhatcanbelearnedfromLindsayMears?

A.Therearenottoomanybigstormsyearly.

B.Actionwillbetakentopreventstorms.

C.Thereareusually14stonnsinayear.

D.Thenamingsystemwillnotchange.

（F）

Ifyouweretotravelbackintimetothetenthcentury,youprobablywouldn'tbe

abletounderstandasentencethatanyonesaidtoyou.They'dbespeakingOld

English.Talkingtoatenth-centuryEnglishman,you'dprobablyonlybeableto

understandafewwordslike"a"or“the”.Onlyaboutone-sixthoftoday'sEnglish

wordshaveanOldEnglishroot（词根），withtheresthavingforeigninfluences.

GraduallyOldEnglishturnedintotheMiddleEnglishthatChaucerwrote

in一butstilltheofficiallanguageofEnglandwasFrench!Itwasonlyin1362,during

Chaucefslifetime,thatEnglishwasusedattheopeningofParliament（议会）forthe

firsttime.Duringthesameyearalawcalledthe"StatuteofPleading^^waspassed,

makingEnglishtheofficiallanguageinParliament.In1399,KingHenryIVbecame

thefirstkingofEnglandaftertheNormanConquestwhosemothertonguewas

English.

Englishwasstillalanguageoflowstatus（地位）一especiallywhenitcameto

writingpoetry（诗歌）.Duringthe14thcentury,theItaliansandFrenchwere

creative.GreatpoetslikeDantewerewritingintotallynewways.ButEnglishhadno

suchgreatwriters.ThiswaswhereChaucermadeadifference.Hetookthelanguageof

themaninthestreetandturneditintomanyfamousworks,suchasTheCanterbury

7?z/es.ChaucerprovedpoetrywritteninEnglishcouldbeeverybitasgoodasbooksin

French.

Ofcourse,theEnglishlanguagehascontinuedtochangesinceChaucer'sday.For

example,Shakespeare'sEnglishisquitedifferentfromChaucefs.Anditisstill

changingnow.Untiljustafewyearsago,“CUL8R”（seeyoulater）wasjustasetof

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lettersandnumbers,butnowmostpeopleknowwhatitmeans!

1.WhathappenedduringChaucefslifetime?

A.OldEnglishbegantoturnintotheMiddleEnglish.

B.English'sstatuswasgreatlyimproved.

C.EnglishwasusedonlyinParliament.

D.EnglishkingsusuallyspokeEnglish.

2.WhywasChaucersogreat?

A.HefirstusedformalEnglishtowrite.

B.HehadabiginfluenceonpoetslikeDante.

C.HewasapioneerinwritingEnglishpoems.

D.HeencouragedpeopletoreadbooksinFrench.

3.WhydidtheauthorgivetheexampleofShakespeare'sEnglish?

A.ToexplainEnglishisalwayschanging.

B.ToexplainhowtheMiddleEnglishchanged.

C.ToshowShakespeare'sEnglishisunusual.

D.Toshowhowpeoplerespondtonewwords.

4.Howisthetextdeveloped?

A.Byspace.B.Bycomparison.

C.Byimportance.D.Bytime.

（G）

ThePausePodhasbeenmadefunofonsocialmedia

asareallyexpensivechildren'stentfbradults,butits

inventorsthinkitisactuallyaportable（便携式的）“private

spacefreefromstressfulmoments^^.

ThePausePodisdesignedtoprovideitsuseranescapefromthepressureof

modernlife,anytime,anywhere.Whetheryou'rewantingtotakeashortsleep,read

yourfavoritebookorwatchafilm,attheoffice,athomeorevenonthestreet,allyou

havetodoistakeoutyourportablePausePod,stepinsideandtakeabreakfromthe

outsideworld.

WhenyouwanttousethePausePod,allyouhavetodoistakeitoutofitsbag,

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unfolditandgetin.Thewholeprocesstake