广东省广州市白云区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月统测英语试卷【含答案解析】

2024学年第二学期初高三综合训练英语本试卷共8页，卷面满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号、座位号及准考证号，并用2B铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。2.全部答案必须在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。4.回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。5.考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APaintingisarichandvariedfieldandcoversbothfigurativeandabstractworks,eachinvolvingvaryingdegreesofobservationandexpression.Itcanalsobeintegratedintothecreativeprocessinotherdisciplines,suchasillustrationandhand-paintedcloths.Painting,asanareaofartisticexpression,hasahistoryofthousandsofyears.However,ithascontinuedtodevelopasartistsextendideasandtechniquesandrespondtonewtechnologies.Paintingcontinuestoallowpainterstoexplorepersonalexpressionthroughmark-makingandthesizeoftheirwork.Paintershaveworkedfromobservationthroughouthistory,andcontinuetodosotoday.Theycanusethefollowingtechniques:·Workdirectly:fromobservationontoapreparedpaintingsurface.·Workonasetofstudies:objectsbroughtintothestudioandusedasreferencematerialforalargerpainting.·Recordfromobservation:useacameraandworkuppaintingsfromthesephotographs.Fineart:·FrenchartistEdgarDegaslivedinatimeafterthebirthofpracticalphotography.Noticehowtheideaoftheviewfinderframe(取景器框架)hasmeantthatDegas’sworkRaceHorsesinfrontoftheStandswascutoffbytheedgeofthepaintingcloth.·TheBritishpainterLucienFreudpaintedhisfriend,artistFrankAuerbachandcreatedFrankAuerbachduringaseriesofsittings,respondingtowhathecouldseeinfrontofhim.·BritishartistGeorgeStubbs’artworkABayThoroughbredinaLandscapeislikeashowcaseforthehorse:hehasplacedthehorseinthemiddleoftheforeground.Detailsarecapturedbytheshutteractionthatthehumaneyewouldstruggletosee.·TheFrenchNeo-ImpressionistpainterGeorgesSeuratfirstusedstudiestorecordaspectsofhissubject—theinteractionoflightandshadeortheposturespeopleadoptwhenrelaxing—andusedthesetocreatehismasterpieceASundayAfternoonontheIslandofLaGrandeJatte,whichismorethan2mx3minsize.1.Whatisthefocusofthedevelopmentofpainting?A.Declineinitsfigureovertime.B.Integratingstyleandtechnique.C.Focusonobservationandillustration.D.Adaptationtonewideasandtechnologies.2.Whousedthetechniqueofworkingdirectly?A.EdgarDegas. B.LucienFreud.C.GeorgeStubbs. D.GeorgesSeurat.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducethehistoryofwesternpaintings.B.Tohighlightthetechniquesadoptedbyartists.C.Toshowtheimpactofnewtechnologiesonpainting.D.Todiscusstherelationshipbetweenpaintingandartists.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在绘画的发展过程中，艺术家们不断扩展思想和技术，并将新技术应用到创作中。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Painting,asanareaofartisticexpression,hasahistoryofthousandsofyears.However,ithascontinuedtodevelopasartistsextendideasandtechniquesandrespondtonewtechnologies.(绘画作为一个艺术表现领域，已有数千年的历史。然而，随着艺术家们不断扩展思想和技术，并对新技术做出回应，它也在不断发展。)”可知，在绘画的发展过程中，艺术家们不断扩展思想和技术，并对新技术做出回应，由此可知，绘画发展的重点是适应新思想和新技术。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段下面内容“Workdirectly:fromobservationontoapreparedpaintingsurface.(直接工作：从观察到准备好的绘画表面。)”和“Fineart”部分关键句“TheBritishpainterLucienFreudpaintedhisfriend,artistFrankAuerbachandcreatedFrankAuerbachduringaseriesofsittings,respondingtowhathecouldseeinfrontofhim.(英国画家LucienFreud为他的朋友、艺术家FrankAuerbach作画，并在一系列的静坐中创作了《弗兰克·奥尔巴赫》，以回应他面前看到的东西。)”可知，“直接工作”指从观察到准备好的绘画表面，英国画家LucienFreud为他的朋友FrankAuerbach作画，即观察他面前看到的人，然后作画，由此可知，LucienFreud使用了直接工作的技术。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Painting,asanareaofartisticexpression,hasahistoryofthousandsofyears.However,ithascontinuedtodevelopasartistsextendideasandtechniquesandrespondtonewtechnologies.(绘画作为一个艺术表现领域，已有数千年的历史。然而，随着艺术家们不断扩展思想和技术，并对新技术做出回应，它也在不断发展。)”和第三段内容“Paintershaveworkedfromobservationthroughouthistory,andcontinuetodosotoday.Theycanusethefollowingtechniques.(画家们在整个历史中都是从观察中工作的，今天仍在这样做。他们可以使用以下技术。)”可知，本文主要告诉我们在绘画的发展过程中，画家们把新技术应用到了绘画中，并列举了一些例子，由此可知，这篇文章的目的是突出艺术家采用的技术。故选B项。BSixyearsasaspacereportertaughtmethatnomissionoranyviewofacelestia(天上的)eventisevertrulypromisedtousobservers.SowhenmymotherandIdecidedtodriveouttoErie,Pennsylvania,toseetheApril8solareclipse(日食)thisyearwithinthepathoftotality,Iknewthiswouldbeatripoftwooppositeattitudes.I’dbeconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworld;mymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwouldwinandtheskieswouldletusobserveaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.Itoldhernottocountontheuniverseforthisone;shetoldmeshewouldn’tcountonanythingelse.IwasonceagainhumbledintoalessonI’velearnedtimeandtimeagain:Mamaknowsbest.Erie’sforecastthatmorningwascloudy,butbythetimefirstcontactbetweenthesunandthemoonbeganalittleafter2p.m.,thecloudsoverthecity’sbayfrontbegantodisappear.Thepaleyellowsunundertheeclipseglassesrapidlyappeared,concentratingintoafierceorangeglow.Totalitystruckat3:16p.m.Athinwhiteglowwentoutfromtheedgeofacleanblackcircle.Thecolorsofthesunsetbloomedinthedistance.Noisyseagullstookaflight.Icouldspotsolarprominence(日珥)comingfromthesidesofthesuninbrightredandpink.JupiterandVenusbothappeared.Itfeltlikebearingwitnesstosomethingclosetoawonder.Fourminuteslater,totalityended.Thesunbrightenedagain.Andthecloudsreturned,swallowingupthemoonandthesunandtheskyingray.Butforfourincredibleminutes,theuniverseseemstohavemadegoodonapromisetomymother.4.Whydidtheauthormentionherjobinparagraph1?A.Totellherabilitytopredictcelestialevents.B.Toshowoffherexpertiseinspaceexploration.C.Toexplainshe’sanexpertinweatherforecasting.D.Tostressherexperiencewiththeunpredictability.5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Mamaknowsbest”inparagraph2?A.Hermotherisanexperiencedforecaster.B.Hermotherisalwaysrightabouttheweather.C.Hermother’faithandoptimismwereconfirmed.D.Hermother’sinitialbeliefcorrectedmyattitude.6.Whatamazingsightscouldbeseenduringthetotality?A.Brightredandpinksolarprominenceswasseen.B.JupiterandVenuswereshiningbrightlyinthesky.C.ThesundisappearedsuddenlywithatotaldarknessD.Thecolorsofthesunsetbloomedwithanorangeglow.7.Howdidtheauthor’sattitudetohermotherchangebeforeandafterthesolareclipse?A.Fromrelianttoinspired.B.Fromimpatienttograteful.C.Fromcriticaltoappreciative.D.Fromindifferenttosupportive.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了和母亲一起去宾夕法尼亚州伊利观看日食的经历。作者原本认为观看日食这件事充满不确定性，而母亲却坚信能看到，最终真的看到了日食，作者也因此改变了对母亲的看法。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sixyearsasaspacereportertaughtmethatnomissionoranyviewofacelestialeventisevertrulypromisedtousobservers.(作为一名六年的太空记者，我知道没有任何任务或任何天体事件的观点是真正承诺给我们观察员的。)”可知，作者作为太空记者的六年经历让她明白，对于观测者来说，没有任何任务或对天体事件的观测是有真正保证的，即强调了她对这种不可预测性的经验。故选D项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I’dbeconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworld;mymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwouldwinandtheskieswouldletusobserveaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.(我深信我们会成为主宰世界的那种随机性的受害者；而我的母亲却坚信，秩序终将占上风，天空会让我们平生第一次亲眼目睹这样一场日食。)”可知，第一段提到作者认为观看日食这件事充满随机性，不抱希望，而母亲很乐观并坚信能看到。第二段中“Erie’sforecastthatmorningwascloudy,butbythetimefirstcontactbetweenthesunandthemoonbeganalittleafter2p.m.,thecloudsoverthecity’sbayfrontbegantodisappear.Thepaleyellowsunundertheeclipseglassesrapidlyappeared,concentratingintoafierceorangeglow.(那天早上伊利的天气预报是多云的，但下午2点刚过，太阳和月亮开始第一次接触时，城市海湾沿岸的云开始消失。在日食眼镜下，淡黄色的太阳迅速出现，集中成强烈的橘黄色光芒。)”说明作者和母亲最终真的看到了日食；由此可知，第二段中“IwasonceagainhumbledintoalessonI’velearnedtimeandtimeagain:Mamaknowsbest.(我又一次谦卑地接受了我一次又一次学到的教训：Mamaknowsbest。)

”作者说“Mamaknowsbest”意思是“母亲的信念和乐观得到了证实”。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Icouldspotsolarprominence(日珥)comingfromthesidesofthesuninbrightredandpink.JupiterandVenusbothappeared.Itfeltlikebearingwitnesstosomethingclosetoawonder.(我可以从太阳的侧面看到明亮的红色和粉红色的日珥。木星和金星都出现了。感觉就像见证了一件近乎奇迹的事情。)”可知，在日全食期间可以看到令人惊叹的景象是从太阳两侧出现的明亮的红色和粉色的日珥，木星和金星都出现了。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“I’dbeconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworld;mymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwouldwinandtheskieswouldletusobserveaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.Itoldhernottocountontheuniverseforthisone;shetoldmeshewouldn’tcountonanythingelse(我相信我们会成为支配世界的随机性的受害者；我妈妈坚信秩序会胜利，天空会让我们平生第一次看到这样的日食。我告诉她这次不要指望上天；她告诉我她不会指望别的)”可知，一开始作者对是否能够看到日食持怀疑态度，认为不应该指望能看到日食，而母亲则坚信，作者对母亲的想法持批评态度，告诉她不要指望上天；根据第二段中“IwasonceagainhumbledintoalessonI’velearnedtimeandtimeagain:Mamaknowsbest.(我又一次谦卑地接受了我一次又一次学到的教训：妈妈最懂。)

”、最后一段中“Butforfourincredibleminutes,theuniverseseemstohavemadegoodonapromisetomymother.(但在不可思议的四分钟里，宇宙似乎兑现了对我母亲的承诺。)”以及结合文章内容可知，作者和母亲最终看到了日食，作者对母亲的信念表示赞赏；由此可推知，作者对母亲的态度从批评到赞赏。故选C项。CEco-anxietyisagrowingissuethatreflectstheincreasingfearofenvironmentaldestructionandclimatechange.Thistypeofanxietyisparticularlycommonamongyoungergenerations,whoworryaboutthefutureoftheplanet.Eco-anxietyiscloselylinkedtoenvironmentaldisasterssuchasheatwaves,wildfires,andhurricanes.Theseeventscanleadtolong-termstress,depression,andevenpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).Theconceptof“Solastalgia,”whichreferstoemotionalsufferingcausedbychangestoone’senvironment,supportstherealityofeco-anxiety.Althoughtheterm“eco-anxiety”ismoremodern,theemotionalresponsetoenvironmentaldamageiswell-documented.Certainsocial,economic,andpoliticalfactorscanmakesomepeoplemorelikelytosufferfromeco-anxietythanothers.Forinstance,nearlyhalfofthepeopleinSoutheastEnglandexpresshighlevelsofconcernaboutclimatechange,morethanthoseinotherregions.Thisheightenedanxietycouldberelatedtofactorssuchasurbanization,thearea’sgrowingpopulation,andhighlevelsofconsumption,allofwhichcontributetoenvironmentaldegradation.Thereareseveralstrategiespeoplecanusetomanageeco-anxiety.Oneimportantapproachiscontrollinghowmuchnegativenewsyouconsume.Toomuchexposuretodisturbingcontentonsocialmediaornewsoutletscanincreasefeelingsofworryandhelplessness.Limitingthisexposureandfocusingonlearningnewandpositiveinformationcanhelpyoufeelmoreempowered.Spendingtimeinnatureisanothereffectivewaytoreduceeco-anxiety.Researchshowsthatbeinginnaturalenvironments,orevenviewingnaturefromawindow,canlowerstressandimprovemood.Itfostersadeeperconnectionwiththeenvironmentandpromotescalmness.Journalingisalsoahelpfultool.Writingdownyourfeelingscanhelpreduceanxietybyorganizingthoughtsandexpressingemotions.Businesseslike“Bloomin’sMinds”combinemindfulnesswithsustainabilitybyofferingseededcardsthatcustomerscanwriteonhowtheyplant,andwatchgrowintoflowers,creatingapositiveandcalmingexperience.Aseco-anxietybecomesmorewidespread,mindfullifestylechangesarehelpingtoreducetheimpactofclimatechangewhileeasinganxiety.Thesepracticesenableindividualstocontributepositivelytotheenvironment.8.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmaycauseSolastalgia?A.Seeinganearbyplaygroundbeingcleared.B.Livinginaregionexperiencingfrequentrainfall.C.Volunteeringforanenvironmentalconservationgroup.D.Watchingchildhoodparkdestroyedbycitydevelopment.9.WhatisthefunctionoftheexampleaboutpeopleinEngland?A.Toshowthegeographicdiversityofeco-anxiety.B.Toexplaintheimpactofsocialanxietyonnature.C.Tocriticizethelackofenvironmentalpoliciesinthearea.D.Tostresstheconnectionbetweenurbanizationandtheissue.10.Whichstrategyishelpfultomanageeco-anxiety?A.Limitingexposuretonegativenews. B.Controllingthetimeofonlinesurfing.C.Tryingtowritedownyouradventures. D.Engaginginoutdoorphysicalexercises.11.Whatdoesmindfullivingdoforeco-anxietyinthelastparagraph?A.Itleadspeopletoforgetaboutenvironmentalproblemsandanxiety.B.Itofferspracticalwaysforpeopletobravelyfacetheclimateissues.C.Itdeepensaconnectionwiththeenvironmentandpromotescalmness.D.Itmakesindividualsfeelmoredisconnectedfromenvironmentalissues.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今的“生态焦虑”问题产生的原因，导致的影响以及如何避免。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theconceptof“Solastalgia,”whichreferstoemotionalsufferingcausedbychangestoone’senvironment,supportstherealityofeco-anxiety.(“Solastalgia”指的是因环境变化而引起的情绪痛苦，这一概念支持了生态焦虑的现实)”可知，“Solastalgia”指的是因环境变化而引起的情绪痛苦。由此推知，看着童年公园被城市发展摧毁可能导致Solastalgia。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Certainsocial,economic,andpoliticalfactorscanmakesomepeoplemorelikelytosufferfromeco-anxietythanothers.Forinstance,nearlyhalfofthepeopleinSoutheastEnglandexpresshighlevelsofconcernaboutclimatechange,morethanthoseinotherregions.Thisheightenedanxietycouldberelatedtofactorssuchasurbanization,thearea’sgrowingpopulation,andhighlevelsofconsumption,allofwhichcontributetoenvironmentaldegradation.(某些社会、经济和政治因素可能使一些人比其他人更容易遭受生态焦虑。例如，英格兰东南部近一半的人表达了对气候变化的高度关注，比其他地区的人更多。这种加剧的焦虑可能与城市化、该地区不断增长的人口和高水平的消费等因素有关，所有这些因素都会导致环境恶化)”可知，这个关于英国人的例子的作用是强调城市化和生态焦虑之间的联系。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Oneimportantapproachiscontrollinghowmuchnegativenewsyouconsume.Toomuchexposuretodisturbingcontentonsocialmediaornewsoutletscanincreasefeelingsofworryandhelplessness.Limitingthisexposureandfocusingonlearningnewandpositiveinformationcanhelpyoufeelmoreempowered.(一个重要的方法是控制负面新闻的摄入量。过多地接触社交媒体或新闻媒体上令人不安的内容会增加焦虑和无助感。限制这种接触，专注于学习新的和积极的信息可以帮助你感觉更有力量)”可知，限制负面新闻的曝光有助于管理生态焦虑。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aseco-anxietybecomesmorewidespread,mindfullifestylechangesarehelpingtoreducetheimpactofclimatechangewhileeasinganxiety.Thesepracticesenableindividualstocontributepositivelytotheenvironment.(随着生态焦虑变得越来越普遍，有意识地改变生活方式有助于减少气候变化的影响，同时缓解焦虑。这些做法使个人能够对环境做出积极的贡献)”可知，正念生活为人们勇敢地面对气候问题提供了切实可行的方法。故选B。DHumanintelligence,particularlytheabilitytoconcentrate,variesandiscrucialforworkperformanceandcreativity.Italsohelpsolderadultspreventaccidentslikefalls,improvingtheirqualityoflife.However,measuringconcentrationischallenging,anditsrelationshipwithageisnotwellunderstood.PsychologistsfromTrinityCollegeDublindevelopedacomputergametoquantifyattentionandinvestigatethefactorsinfluencingconcentration.Thestudyincluded34youngadultsand34seniors.Despitesimilarscores,theirstrategieswerenotablydifferent.Youngadults,witha45%distractionrate,reliedonquickreactionsandmentalflexibility.Incontrast,seniors,witha27%distractionrate,demonstratedhigherconcentration,usingself-disciplinetoachievecomparablescores.Thesefindings,publishedin“PsychologyandAging”,showingthatolderadultscanmakeupforadeclineinoverallintelligencewithothercognitive(认知)strengths.Thestudyalsohighlightedtheimportanceofneural(神经)connectionsinintelligence.Youngerindividualshavestrongerandextensiveneuralconnections,contributingtotheirquickreactionsanddistractibility.Toinvestigatehowolderadultscanmaintaintheseconnections,KaitlinCasaletto,aneurobiologistatUCSF,focusedon“presynapticproteins”aroundsynapses(染色体突触),whicharevitalforsynapticconnectionquality.Dr.Casalettoco-operatedwiththeUniversityofChicagotoanalyzebraintissuesamplesfrom404elderlyvolunteers.Thestudyfoundthatregularexercisershadhigherlevelsofpresynapticproteins,indicatingstrongersynapticconnections.Thisdifferencewasobservedinvariousbrainareasassociatedwithcognitivefunction,notjustthehippocampus,whichislinkedtomemory.Thefindings,publishedin“Alzheimer’s&Dementia,”providestructuralevidencethatexercisecanslowcognitivedeclineinolderadults.Thissupportstheideathatincreasedphysicalactivitycanhelpdelaycognitiveaging,offeringscientistsmoreconfidenceintheroleofexerciseinmaintainingcognitivehealth.Theresearchemphasizesthepotentialforolderadultstopreservetheircognitiveabilitiesthroughlifestylechoices,suchasregularphysicalactivity,whichcanhaveasignificantimpactontheirneuralconnectionsandoverallcognitivefunction.12.Whydidthepsychologistsdevelopthecomputergame?A.Totrainyoungadultstoimprovetheirmentalflexibility.B.Toshowtheimportanceofmaintainingcognitivehealth.C.Tofindoutfactorsaffectingconcentrationacrossagegroups.D.Tocomparethedistractionrateforyoungadultsandseniors13.Howdidolderadultsachievesimilarscorestoyoungadults?A.Byastrongsenseofregulation. B.Byrelyingonfasterreactiontimes.C.Byhavingbettermentalflexibility. D.Byincreasingoverallintelligence.14.Whatdothepresynapticproteinsdointhestudy?A.Theyareassociatedwithahigherdistractionrate.B.Theyarelinkedtotheoverallmemoryoftheelders.C.Theyareresponsibleformusclestrengthinolderadults.D.Theyarecrucialforthequalityofsynapticconnections.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theroleofexerciseinslowingcognitivedeclineinolderadults.B.Thechallengesofmeasuringconcentrationanditsrelationshipwithage.C.Thedifferencesinconcentrationstrategiesbetweenyoungandoldadults.D.Theneuralconnectionsandtheirimpactoncognitivestrengthsinolderadults.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究用电脑游戏测注意力，发现老人和年轻人策略不同，且锻炼可助老人防认知衰退。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“PsychologistsfromTrinityCollegeDublindevelopedacomputergametoquantifyattentionandinvestigatethefactorsinfluencingconcentration.(都柏林圣三一学院的心理学家开发了一款电脑游戏来量化注意力，并调查影响注意力的因素)”可知，心理学家开发这个电脑游戏是为了找出影响各年龄组注意力集中的因素。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Incontrast,seniors,witha27%distractionrate,demonstratedhigherconcentration,usingself-disciplinetoachievecomparablescores.(相比之下，老年人的注意力分散率为27%，表现出更高的专注力，他们通过自律获得了类似的分数)”可知，老年人通过强烈的控制意识获得与年轻人相似的分数。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Toinvestigatehowolderadultscanmaintaintheseconnections,KaitlinCasaletto,aneurobiologistatUCSF,focusedon“presynapticproteins”aroundsynapses(染色体突触),whicharevitalforsynapticconnectionquality.(为了研究老年人如何维持这些连接，加州大学旧金山分校的神经生物学家凯特琳·卡萨莱托专注于突触周围的“突触前蛋白”，这对突触连接质量至关重要)”可知，突触前蛋白对突触连接的质量至关重要。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humanintelligence,particularlytheabilitytoconcentrate,variesandiscrucialforworkperformanceandcreativity.Italsohelpsolderadultspreventaccidentslikefalls,improvingtheirqualityoflife.However,measuringconcentrationischallenging,anditsrelationshipwithageisnotwellunderstood.PsychologistsfromTrinityCollegeDublindevelopedacomputergametoquantifyattentionandinvestigatethefactorsinfluencingconcentration.(人类的智力，尤其是集中注意力的能力，各不相同，对工作表现和创造力至关重要。它还可以帮助老年人预防跌倒等事故，提高他们的生活质量。然而，测量浓度是具有挑战性的，其与年龄的关系尚不清楚。都柏林圣三一学院的心理学家开发了一款电脑游戏来量化注意力，并调查影响注意力的因素)”以及文章主要介绍了一项关于老年人认知能力的研究，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究发现经常锻炼的人有更高水平的突触前蛋白，这表明突触连接更强。这项研究强调了老年人通过选择生活方式来保持认知能力的潜力，比如定期的体育活动，这对他们的神经连接和整体认知功能有重大影响。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是运动在减缓老年人认知能力下降中的作用。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ExpressyourgratitudeBeingthankfulforwhatyouhavecanmakeyouhappierandhealthierYouprobablysay“thankyou”whenafriendholdsthedoor,ateacherstaysafterclasstohelpyouwithaproblem,oragrandparentsendsagiftforyourbirthday.Showinggratitudemakesothersfeelgood,butitalsohelpsyoufeelmorejoyfulandlesssadorstressed,accordingtoexpertsatHarvardUniversity.____16____Here’show.Doa“gratitudesearch”Startbytakingafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyou’regratefulforIsitsomeoneorsomethingthatmakesyouhappyormakesyoulaugh?____17____Isitsomethingthatmakesyourlifebetter?Maybeit’sanactivityorahobbyyouenjoydoingwithothers.Itcanalsobesomethingyouhavethatyourealizeothersmaynothave.Makeitahabit____18____Youcanwritethemdowninanotebookoronstickynotesandmakea“gratitudewall”inyourroom.Youcouldalsowritewhatyou’regratefulforoncolorfulpiecesofpaperandsavetheminajar.Wheneveryouneedamoodboost,youcantakethemouttoremindyourselfofwhatmakesyoufeelhappyandthankful.____19____Givingyourtimetoothersnotonlyhelpsthembutitcanalsobenefityou,too.Forexample,ifyoucleansnowforanelderlyneighbor,youcantakeamomenttofeelthankfulthatyouwereabletomaketheirdayeasier.Ifyouhelpyourlittlebrotherwithhishomework,youcanfeelgoodaboutsharingyourknowledge.SharethankswithfamilyDinnertimeisperfecttoexchangefeelingsofgratitudewithfamily.____20____Youcanalsodiscusstakingameditative“gratitudewalk”betweendinneranddessert,toappreciatethecompanyofthepeopleinyourlifeandthenaturalbeautyoftheoutdoors.Youcouldevenfollowtheholidaywithanoteofthankstofamilymembersyoulove.A.VolunteeryourskillsB.SocializewithothersC.Itisalsosomethingyoucanpracticeyear-round.D.Onlybypracticinggratituderegularly,canyouimproveyourownwell-being.E.Atthedinnertable,youcansuggesteachpersonsharethingstheyfeelthankfulfor.F.Isitsomeoneyouknow,likeaparentwhohelpssupportyou,evenwhenyoudon’task?G.Trygettingintotheroutineofnoticingandthinkingaboutthethingsyou’regratefulfor.【答案】16.C17.F18.G19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这是一篇关于如何表达感激之情文章，介绍了多种表达感激的方式，如进行“感恩搜索”、养成感恩习惯、志愿服务、与家人分享感恩等。【16题详解】根据上文“Showinggratitudemakesothersfeelgood,butitalsohelpsyoufeelmorejoyfulandlesssadorstressed,accordingtoexpertsatHarvardUniversity.(哈佛大学的专家表示，表达感激之情会让别人感觉良好，但它也会让你感觉更快乐，减少悲伤或压力)”可知，前文提到表达感激不仅让别人感觉好，也能让自己更快乐、减少悲伤和压力。C选项Itisalsosomethingyoucanpracticeyear-round.(这也是你可以全年践行的事情)进一步阐述了感恩行为的持续性，与前文衔接紧密，且引出下文介绍具体如何践行感恩。故选C项。【17题详解】根据上文“Startbytakingafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyou’regratefulfor.Isitsomeoneorsomethingthatmakesyouhappyormakesyoulaugh?(首先花几分钟想想你要感激的是什么。是某个人或某件事让你开心或大笑吗？)”可知，前文开始举例思考自己感恩的对象，提出“Isitsomeoneorsomethingthatmakesyouhappyormakesyoulaugh?”，F选项Isitsomeoneyouknow,likeaparentwhohelpssupportyou,evenwhenyoudon’task?(是你认识的人，比如父母，在你没有请求的情况下帮助支持你吗？)同样是以提问的方式，且与前文句式一致，都是在探讨感恩的对象，语义连贯。故选F项。【18题详解】该段小标题是“Makeitahabit(养成习惯)”，因此空处内容与养成习惯有关，G选项Trygettingintotheroutineofnoticingandthinkingaboutthethingsyou’regratefulfor.(试着养成留意和思考你所感激之事的习惯)中“gettingintotheroutine(养成习惯)”与小标题呼应，并且具体说明了养成习惯的方式，符合该段语境。故选G项。【19题详解】根据下文“Givingyourtimetoothersnotonlyhelpsthembutitcanalsobenefityou,too.Forexample,ifyoucleansnowforanelderlyneighbor,youcantakeamomenttofeelthankfulthatyouwereabletomaketheirdayeasier.Ifyouhelpyourlittlebrotherwithhishomework,youcanfeelgoodaboutsharingyourknowledge.(把你的时间花在别人身上不仅帮助他们，但也会让你自己受益。例如，如果你为一位年长的邻居清理积雪，你可以花一点时间来感谢你能让他们的一天更轻松。如果你帮助你的小弟弟做作业，你会为分享你的知识而感到高兴)”可知，该段主要讲述了通过为他人付出时间，如为年迈的邻居清理积雪、帮助弟弟做作业等行为，既帮助了他人，自己也能从中受益并产生感恩之情，这些行为都属于志愿服务。A选项Volunteeryourskills(贡献你的技能做志愿)符合该段主旨，为总结该段内容，适合作为该段的小标题。故选A项。【20题详解】该段小标题是“Sharethankswithfamily(与家人分享感恩之情)”，且上文“Dinnertimeisperfecttoexchangefeelingsofgratitudewithfamily.(晚餐时间是与家人交流感激之情的最佳时机)”提到晚餐时间是与家人交流感恩之情的绝佳时机。E选项Atthedinnertable,youcansuggesteachpersonsharethingstheyfeelthankfulfor.(在餐桌上，你可以建议每个人分享他们所感恩的事情)与小标题以及前文提到的晚餐时间相契合。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Twentyyearsago,IadoptedaLabradorRetrieverandnamedhimLucky.Hewasmorethanjustapet;hewasa____21____inmylife.Fromalivelypuppytoanolddog,Luckyaccompaniedmedayandnight.Hiscompanionshipmademyretirementlifeless____22____.Luckywasmymorningjoggingpartner,eagerly____23____thefirstlightofdawntohitthepaths.Hewasthereinthequietafternoons,acomfortingfriendasI____24____mygarden,andhisgentlesnores(鼾声)werethesoundtracktomyeveningreads.His____25____turnedtheroutineintomomentsofjoy,hiswaggingtailacelebrationoflife’s____26____pleasures.Lastyear,Luckypassedaway____27____.Thememoriesandlessonsheleftmewillforever____28____inmyheart.Lucky’slifewasshortbutfullofloveandwarmth.____29____,mydayswouldhavebeendull.Hisfinalmomentswerespentinmyhome,surroundedbythelovethathaddefinedour_____30_____.ThestoryofLuckyandmeisthe_____31_____ofthepurestformoflove,andithasmademe_____32_____understandthatanimalsareapartofourlives,acomfortforouremotions.Theyofferusan_____33_____love,atimelesscompanionship.Letus_____34_____thisstrongbondwithanimals,fortheyteachushowtoloveandhowtolive,enrichingour_____35_____withtheirsilent,steadfastdevotion.21.A.companion B.guard C.teacher D.son22.A.stressful B.lonely C.complex D.demanding23.A.exploring B.watching C.awaiting D.dreaming24.A.referredto B.addedto C.turnedto D.tendedto25.A.attitude B.character C.presence D.influence26.A.private B.simple C.personal D.typical27.A.finally B.peacefully C.unexpectedly D.sadly28.A.continue B.arise C.remain D.show29.A.However B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Besides30.A.life B.belief C.value D.bond31.A.origin B.judgment C.evidence D.information32.A.constantly B.deeply C.naturally D.partly33.A.unconditional B.irresistible C.uncountable D.unpredictable34.A.combine B.cherish C.accept D.include35.A.history B.knowledge C.community D.existence【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.B28.C29.C30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者二十年前收养了一只小狗，狗狗一直陪伴他，让他的生活不再孤独，虽然狗狗去世了，可美好的记忆仍然留在他心中。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅仅是一只宠物；他是我生命中的同伴。A.companion同伴；B.guard警卫；C.teacher老师；D.son儿子。根据下文“Fromalivelypuppytoanolddog,Luckyaccompaniedmedayandnight.”和“Hiscompanionship”可知，Lucky日夜陪伴着我，由此可知，他是我生命中的同伴。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的陪伴让我的退休生活不那么孤独。A.stressful压力大的；B.lonely孤独的；C.complex复杂的；D.demanding要求高的。根据上文“Fromal