湖南师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2011年湖南师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2012年湖南师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2013年湖南师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2011年湖南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

I.Foreachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,

andD.Youarerequiredtochoosetheonethatbestcompletestiresentenceor

expressestiresamemeaningastheunderlinedpart.Writetheletterofyour

choiceontheanswersheet.(20%)

1．Scienceisstilllargelyignorant_____thecausesofmanykindsofcancer.

A.about

B.with

C.of

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】句意：对于许多种癌症的原因，科学上仍然知之甚少。be

ignorantof固定短语，表示对……一无所知。

2．Onaccountofrain,thecamphasbeen_____untilnextweekend.

A.calledoff

B.delayed

C.putthrough

D.putoff

【答案】D

【解析】句意：由于下雨天气，夏令营活动已经被推迟到了下周。delay

在作“延迟，延期”讲时候，主要指的是有意推迟，所以也可以解释

为“耽搁”。calloff取消。putthrough完成，达成。putoff主要用于指时间

上的推迟，延期。

3．InmyopinionthefilmOnGoldenPonddidn’t_____itsreviews.

A.liveupto

B.comeupwith

C.fit

D.expect

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在我看来，《金色池塘》这部电影与其影评不符。live

upto符合，不辜负。comeupwith想出。fit多指适合。expect期待；预

料。

4．Ifyou_____intakingthisattitude,we’llhavetoaskyoutoleave.

A.insist

B.persist

C.resist

D.pursue

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你一直是这种态度的话，我们就得请你离开了。

persistindoingsth.坚持做某事。insist与介词on搭配，insistondoingsth.

执意坚持做某事。resist反抗，抵制，与句意不符。pursue追逐；追求。

5．Allcarsmadenowadaysare_____withsafetybelts.

A.prepared

B.packed

C.builtin

D.equipped

【答案】D

【解析】句意：如今所有轿车都有安全带。beequippedwith配备……。

6．Whenyouwriteanessay,pleaseremembernotto_____offthepoint.

A.wander

B.stroll

C.drop

D.interrupt

【答案】A

【解析】句意：写文章注意不要跑题。wander偏离，走神。stroll闲逛，

漫步。dropoff减少，下降。interrupt打断。

7．Idon’tthinkIknowthegirlwithfairhairalthoughshe_____meof

someoneIknow.

A.remembers

B.recalls

C.reminds

D.suggests

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然那个有着一头金发的女孩让我想起了我认识的一个

人，但我觉得我们应该并不认识。remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起……。

8．Anoutingseems_____asitisraininghardandthewindisblowing

outside.

A.withoutquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.withoutaquestion

D.outofquestion

【答案】B

【解析】句意：现在外面狂风暴雨，看来没法出去了。outofthe

question不可能。withoutquestion与outofquestion都表示毫无疑问。

withoutaquestion没有一项问题。根据句意，只能选B项。

9．Beverlyisagirlwhowillstand_____whatshethinksrightnomatter

whatcosttoherselfis.

A.upto

B.off

C.out

D.upfor

【答案】D

【解析】句意：拜沃莉这个女孩她无论付出多少都坚持自己认为对的事

情。standupfor坚决捍卫。standupto反抗。standoff疏远，保持一定距

离。standout突出，显眼。

10．I’ll_____itthateachofthestudentsgetsacopyofit.

A.manage

B.try

C.seeto

D.seeabout

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我会保证学生们每人都有一份复印件。seetoitthat确

保。其他三项均不能与itthat连用。

11．Janwas_____thegrantmoneytopayherwaythroughgraduateschool.

A.expectingwith

B.countingdown

C.expectingon

D.countingon

【答案】D

【解析】句意：简依靠助学金度过研究生阶段的生活。counton依靠，

指望。expect表示期待，为及物动词，可直接跟宾语，没有expectwith

或expecton这样的搭配。countdown倒计时。

12．Itwasoutof_____forhimtowearaT-shirtatthereception.

A.place

B.order

C.question

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在欢迎会上穿T恤是合适的。outofplace位置不当；不

合适，不得体。outoforder有毛病；出故障。outofquestion毫无疑问。

outofpractice疏于练习。

13．AgifttotheUnitedStatesfromFrance,theStatueofLiberty,was

assembledanddedicatedin1886.

A.repaired

B.broughtover

C.unpacked

D.puttogether

【答案】D

【解析】assemble组装，装配。puttogether也是组装的意思。bringover

带来……。unpack打开（箱、包等）。

14．ThehomeofHelenKellerwasatacrossroadswherepeoplegatheredto

discussart,politics,andthestateoftheworld.

A.hugeruralestate

B.nationalmonument

C.quietrefuge

D.centralmeetingplace

【答案】D

【解析】crossroads除了表示“十字路口”，还表示“汇集地，核心区”。

15．Linbergh’sfirstnonstopflightacrosstheAtlanticOceanwasanactof

greatdaringandcourage.

A.anarrative

B.afeat

C.anattempt

D.aconspiracy

【答案】B

【解析】daring勇敢。courage勇气。feat表示功绩、壮举，感情色彩符

合原句。C项感情色彩较弱。A、D两项意思明显与daring、courage两词

不符。

16．Georgehasalotofworktodothismonth,andheisonthegoallday

long.

A.onhiswaysomewhere

B.movingfromoneplacetoanother

C.outonbusiness

D.busyandactive

【答案】D

【解析】onthego十分活跃；非常忙碌。故选D。

17．MadamCuriewascompletelyengrossedinherwork.

A.disturbed

B.fatigued

C.absorbed

D.successful

【答案】C

【解析】engross使全神贯注。与其意思相近的只有absorb，也表示使投

入，使全神贯注。

18．Librarycardswillexpirewhentheyarenotused.

A.costmoremoney

B.ceasetobeeffective

C.bemailedtotheholder’saddress

D.becontinuedautomatically

【答案】B

【解析】expire到期，失效。故B项ceasetobeeffective（失去效用）正

确。

19．Agoalofmoderndanceoftenistoexpressthedancer’sinnermost

feelings--andemotions.

A.slightest

B.rarest

C.mostpersonal

D.mostdifficult

【答案】C

【解析】innermost内心最深处的。mostpersonal最私人的，与innermost

意思最相近。

20．Citytaxesarebasedonanestimateofthevalueofone’sproperty.

A.anappraisal

B.aforecast

C.adiagnosis

D.anoutline

【答案】A

【解析】appraisal评估，与estimate（估计）意思相近。

II.Fillintheblankswiththegivenverbsintheirproperformsandwriteyour

answersontheanswersheet.(15%)

21．I_____(have)abathwhenthephonerang.

【答案】washaving

【解析】句意：电话响的时候，我正在洗澡。从句意上看，应用过去进

行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。

22．I_____(wait)foryouatthecinemaatsixtomorrowevening.

【答案】willwait

【解析】时间状语tomorrowevening表示将来，故用一般将来时。

23．Sofar12bridges_____(build)inthatarea.

【答案】havebeenbuilt

（sofar到目前为止，是现在完成时的常见时间状语之一。）

24．Shelefttheofficewhenshe_____(type)thedocuments.

【答案】hadtyped

【解析】句意：他打完文件之后，离开了办公室。从逻辑上判断，“打

文件”发生在“离开办公室”之前，而离开办公室已经是过去的动作，这

里表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。

25．Hesaidhe_____(be)hereassoonashewaswanted.

【答案】wouldbe

【解析】我说只要有需要，他就会马上出现。这里表示“将会出现”，是

未来的动作，故用将来时。而主句谓语said已是过去时，故此处表示“过

去的将来”，故用过去将来时。

26．---Youlooktired.

---Yes,I_____(write)letterssincebreakfast.

【答案】havebeenwriting

【解析】句意：我从吃完早餐开始就一直在写信。是过去到现在持续进

行的动作，而且写信可能会持续下去，故用现在完成进行时。

27．They_____(cross)theriverbylunchtimeiftheycanfindaferryboat.

【答案】willcross

【解析】句意：如果找到渡船，他们在午饭时间之前就能穿过河流了。

if引导的句子，从句用一般现在时的时候，主句则用一般将来时。

28．Theboylookeddisappointed_____(lose)thechancetostudyabroad.

【答案】losing

【解析】非谓语动词与主语theboy是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。

29．Don’ttellmeyoualwaysescape_____(fine)becauseyouhaveavery

fastsportscar.

【答案】frombeingfined

【解析】escapefromdoingsth逃过了……。

30．NotasinglecaseofT.B.wasfoundintheX-rays_____(study)

【答案】studied

【解析】在对这些人进行X光检查后，并未发现有患有肺结核的病例。

study在此处意思是审视，细看。X-rays与study是被动关系，故study用

过去分词形式。

31．Thelasttouch_____(finish),theartistputdownhisbrushandsatdown

witha_____(satisfy)look.

【答案】finished;satisfied

【解析】thelasttouch与finish是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

satisfying表示令人满意的。而此处指的是人的表情，故用satisfied，表

示感到满意的。

32．_____(Live)inBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecityverywell.

【答案】Havebeenliving

【解析】在柏林住了很多年了，他对这座城市十分熟悉。显然非谓语动

词动作发生在主句knew之前，因此用现在完成时。又因住在柏林的状态

还有可能会持续下去，故用现在完成进行时。

33．HeaskedmewhatI_____(do)abouttheproblemifI_____(be)inhis

shoes.

【答案】woulddo;were

【解析】当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候，其宾语从句的

时态要用适当的过去时态。

IIIInthispartyouwillread4passages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfive

multiplechoicequestions.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestsuitsthe

requirement,andputtheanswersontheAnswerSheet.(40%)

Passage1

Agripping,fast-pacedtaleofadventure,TheCalloftheWildfocuseson

Buck,asheepdogstolenfromaCaliforniafarmandtransportedtothearctic.

Buck’sstruggletosurviveonthearctictraildemonstratestheuncertain

natureoflifeinthewild.Althoughitisanengaginganimalstory,thereader

cannothelpbutdrawparallelsbetweenBuck’sexperienceandthatof

humans.Thebooksuggeststhatenvironmentshapescharacter,and

emphasizesthatprimitivecharacter—oftenhiddenbeneathalayerof

civilization—isneverlosttotheindividual.Providingafascinatingglimpse

ofawayoflifethathasalmostdisappeared,thenovelsuggeststhatcreatures

survivebestwhentheyadapttothenaturalworld,ratherthantryingto

imposechangesontheirenvironment.

Thestorybeginsin1897,atthestartoftheGoldRush.Thediscoveryofgold

intheKlondike—aregioninnorthwesternCanada—promptedthousandsof

goldseekerstoheadforthefarnorth,allofthemdesperatelyinneedofdogs

topullsledsacrosstheharsharctictrails.Buck,alargedogwhohasenjoyed

aleisurelylifeonaCaliforniafarm,isstolenandshippedtotheYukon.Buck

learnstosurviveinthiscruelenvironment;hebeginstodiscoverthe

primitiveknowledgeofhisancestors,andintimeherespondstothecallof

thewild.BecausethebookfocusesuponBuck’sexperience,thehuman

charactersareofsecondaryimportance.Buckisamagnificentdog,part

shepherdandpartSt.Bernard.Hissuperiorstrengthenableshimtoadapt

readilytothenorthernclimateandtheharshdemandsofhislabors.Buthe

possessesoneadditionalquality—imagination.Buckfightswithhisheadas

wellashisstrength.Adaptabilityisadominantthemeinthisnovel.Inorder

tosurviveinthearctic,Buckmustlearn“thelawofclubandfang”.Buckis

firsttaughtthislawbytheclubwieldingsleddrivers,whoshowhimthatthe

strongestindividualsaretheoneswhorule.Buckalsolearnsthisprimitive

lawfromtheotherteamdogs,suchasDave,Solleks,andtheviciousteam

leader,Spitz.Fromthem,Bucklearnsthathemusteitherbiteorbebitten,

masterorbemastered.

34．Aboutthisnovel,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

A.ThenovelfocusedupontheexperiencesofadognamedBuck

B.Themainthemewastotellitsreadersthelifeinthearcticwild

C.Thebookstressedtheinfluencesofenvironmentoncharacter

D.Creatureshavetoadapttothechangesonenvironmenttosurvive

35．Wecandrawfromthepassagethatthe“primitivecharacter”within

Buckrefersto_____.

A.Buck’sadaptabilitytothecruelwildlife

B.thelearningofthelawofclubandfang

C.Buck’sabilitytofightwithheadandclaw

D.becomingthestrongestindividualtorule

36．Thestorywassetprimarilyin_____.

A.KlondikeinCanada

B.afarminCalifornia

C.theYukon

D.thewildinCalifornia

37．Bucklearnedtosurviveinthearcticby_____.

A.itsprimitivecharacter

B.becomingthestrongest

C.thelawofclubandfang

D.adaptitselftothecoldarctic

38．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A.TheCalloftheWildisabouttherelationshipbetweenmenanddogsin

thearctic

B.TheCalloftheWildisastoryaboutthewildwestduringtheGoldRush

C.Bucklearned“thelawofclubandfang”bydefeatingitsenemies

D.Buckmanagedtosurviveandbecamealeader

【答案与解析】

34．B由倒数第五句Adaptabilityisadominantthemeinthisnovel.可知，

小说的主要主题是对环境的适应，而不是B项所说的“在北极荒野的生

活”。

35．A通过对全文整体内容的理解，可以推断“原始性格”指的是适应残

酷野外生活的能力。

36．C由这两句话Buck,alargedogwhohasenjoyedaleisurelylifeona

Californiafarm,isstolenandshippedtotheYukon.Bucklearnstosurvivein

thiscruelenvironment可知，Buck原本是生活在加利福尼亚州的一个农场

里，后来被偷运到Yukon这个地方，他在这个残酷的环境中学会了生

存。因此故事是发生在Yukon。

37．C由这两句话Inordertosurviveinthearctic,Buckmustlearn“the

lawofclubandfang”.Buckisfirsttaughtthislawbytheclubwieldingsled

drivers,whoshowhimthatthestrongestindividualsaretheoneswhorule.可

知，Buck被教导这项法则，才学会了如何在北极生存。

38．BThestorybeginsin1897,atthestartoftheGoldRush.Thediscovery

ofgoldintheKlondike—aregioninnorthwesternCanada—prompted

thousandsofgoldseekerstoheadforthefarnorth说明故事的背景是加拿

大西北部的地区发现黄金而引起的淘金热。

Passage2

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandfor

commercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrial

productionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmass

unemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergy

supply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustible

andeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforan

industriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesin

theuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,is

clean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunand

maintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclear

reactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatever

theanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitive

sourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclear

powerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsoto

civilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclear

powerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostly

accidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.

Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostof

greatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthe

longrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresources

anddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestruction

ofthehumanrace.Thusifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclear

energy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclear

energyprogramsareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinual

growthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itis

doubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweighedupthe

argumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecological

reasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

39．Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.

A.indifferent

B.tolerant

C.favorable

D.negative

40．Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenemy,whichofthefollowingis

TRUEofnuclearenergy?

A.Primitive

B.Cheap

C.Exhaustible

D.Unsafe

41．Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution

C.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety

D.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfew

technicalandadministrativestaff

42．Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing

B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout

C.Uraniumisgoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons

D.Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergy

programs

43．Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto______.

A.advancethefinalargument

B.reflectthewriter’sattitude

C.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts

D.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

【答案与解析】

39．D从第二段最后两句However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwill

orcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseems

therearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyother

thannuclearpower.可以看出，作者对核能项目能否长久保持工业生产和

消费需求的增长持怀疑态度，而且作者认为不使用核能有合理的经济和

生态原因。故作者对核能持否定态度。

40．D由最后一段第二句nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesand

disturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionof

thehumanrace.可知，核能破坏生态，最终可能导致人类的毁灭，因此

核能是不安全的。

41．C第一段第五句提到，许多人认为核能重要，因为它是社会工业发

展所必需的，可以提供取之不尽且便宜的能源，C正确。

42．A第二段倒数第二、三句提到，核能开发项目的扩大是为了保证

工业生产和消费需求的增长，但是这种增长是否能够持续，这令人怀

疑。

43．B文章最后一句表明了作者的观点，即作者认为从经济和生态环境

方面来考虑的话，可以利用其他能源，而非核能。

Passage3

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstress

seemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inone

experiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,atthe

UniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimals

couldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whilethe

otherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtime

oneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfrom

theshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressed

belownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnoffthe

electricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontrolover

anevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchool

ofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasant

stimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypical

ofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhaveno

controlover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencesthey

cancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthatthe

experienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsin

depression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmune

responsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderatthe

UniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditionedmicetoavoid

saccharinbysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthem

withadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomach

upsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequickly

learnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthe

sweetener,Aderre-exposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthe

drug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighest

amountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonly

speculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalone

nowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

44．Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoserats

whocouldturnofftheelectricity______.

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

45．Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesrats

to______.

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

46．ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwas

that________.

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

47．Thepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthe

miceinAder’sexperimentwasthat________.

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

48．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimal

A.canheweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案与解析】

44．B文章第一段倒数第二句Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmune

responsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethat

couldturnofftheelectricity.明确说明切断不了电流的老鼠(无助的老鼠)免

疫功能被削弱，而能够切断电流的老鼠则不受影响。

45．C文章第二段第三句Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituations

theyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwith

experiencestheycancontrol.明确说明老鼠如果有过自己控制不了的情

况，以后即使在自己能够控制的情况下，其反应也是消极被动的。

46．D由最后一段内容可知，Ader给老鼠喂糖精并给老鼠注射了一种

会引起肚子痛的药物，所以老鼠就学会了避免糖精，这是因为他们觉得

吃糖精会引起肚子疼，将糖精和肚子疼的反应联系到了一起。

47．C作者写第三段的目的是为了证明他在第三段第一句里的论点the

mindcanaltertheimmuneresponse，他用Ader的实验这一实例米论证此

论点。为了培养老鼠的条件反射Ader给它们喂食糖精，同时注射能降低

免疫力并可引起肚子疼的药物。但后来只给老鼠喂食糖精而不注射药物

时有些老鼠死亡，这充分证明老鼠的免疫系统已被其思想改变了。

48．A文章第三段中Ader的实验告诉我们，通过各种具体手段使动物

形成某种条件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。

Passage4

Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudent

numbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.The

universitieshavethreatenedtoimpostanadmissionfeeonstudentstopluga

gapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprovetheirfinancesand

scrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.

Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversitiesthreatbysettingupthemost

fundamentalreviewofhighereducationforageneration,underanon-party

troubleshooter,SirRonDearing.Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershigher

education,fivetimesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyears

ago.

Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneeds

alotmoremoney--butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerand

notmuchscopeforattractingmorefinancefrombusiness.

Mostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncosts,something

thatiscommonelsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionary

changeinBritain.Universitieswantthegovernmenttointroducealoan

schemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatenedactionfor

now.TheyawaitDearing’sadvice,hopingitwillnotbetoolate--someare

alreadyreportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.

Asthecenturynearsitsend,thewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbe

isunderthemicroscope.Expertsponderhowmuchtheycanusecomputers

insteadofclassrooms,talkoftheneedforlifelonglearningandreferto

studentsas“consumers”.

TheConfederationofBritishIndustry,thekeyemployers’organization,

wantsevenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitionon

worldmarketsfromboomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthas

doubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimesnewspaperagrees,complainingthat

qualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorial

supervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalof

Europeanuniversities.”

49．ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis______.

A.howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficulty

B.howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprises

C.howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnology

D.howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration

50．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinBritain______.

A.thegovernmentpaysdearlyforitsfinancialpolicy

B.universitiesaremainlyfundedbybusinesses

C.highereducationisprovidedfreeofcharge

D.studentsarereadytoacceptloanschemesfortuition

51．Whatwasthepercentageofhighschoolgraduatesadmittedto

universitiesinBritainthirtyyearsago?

A.20%orso

B.About15%

C.Above30%

D.Below10%

52．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhigher

education

B.Britishemployersdemandanexpansioninenrollmentattheexpenseof

quality

C.thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropean

counterparts

D.Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthe

near

53．WhichofthefollowingistheviewpointoftheTimesnewspaper?

A.ExpansioninenrollmentisboundtoaffectthequalityofBritishhigher

education

B.Britishuniversitiesshouldexpandtheirenrollmenttomeettheneedsof

industry

C.Europeanuniversitiescanbettermeettheneedsofthemodernworld

D.Britishuniversitiesshouldhelpfightcompetitiononworldmarkets

【答案与解析】

49．A由文章首句Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahuge

increaseinstudentnumbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducation

isatrisk.可知，由于学生数量的暴增，英国大学认为免费教育的传统会

遭遇挑战。这说明英国大学主要关心的问题是如何处理他们如今的财务

危机。

50．C由文章首句可知，英国大学教育一直以来都是免费的。

51．D第二段末句Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershighereducation,five

timesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.指出，如

今三分之一学生接受高等教育，是30年前的五倍，说明30年前只有十五

分之一学生接受高等教育。十五分之一小于10%，故选D。

52．D由第三段句子Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrain

afterrapidexpansionneedsalotmoremoney--butthereislittlehopeof

gettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopeforattractingmorefinance

frombusiness.可知没有希望从纳税人或企业手中获得资金。第四段中也

提到，英国大学希望政府建立学费贷款项目，贷款的话学生最终也是要

自己还贷，也就是说英国学生将来还是很有可能需要自己负担学费。

53．A由最后一段最后一句TheTimesnewspaperagrees,complainingthat

qualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorial

supervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalof

Europeanuniversities.”可知泰晤士报认为大学生数量的增加会损害到大

学教育的质量。

IV.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthetopicbelow:(25%)

54．TheRelationshipbetweenTheoryandPracticeintheStudyof

Translation

【参考范文】

TheRelationshipbetweenTranslationTheoryandPractice

Translationisanactivitywhichrequiresone’scommandofsourcelanguage

andtargetlanguage,andtheknowledgeoftranslationtheoriesconcludedby

well-knowndomesticandforeigntranslationtheorists.SomeChinese

translationtheoristsareintheliterarycircle,includingMaoDun,Xu

Yuanchong,LinYutang,GuoMoruo,etc.Somearepoliticalfigures,

includingLiangQichao,YanFu,etc.Theyproposedtheirownviewstowards

translationandhadtheirtranslationworks.Themostrenownedtranslation

theoristinthewesternworldisEugeneNida,whoputforwardtheconceptof

functionalequivalence.Somepeopleclaimthatitisnouselearning

translationtheoriesandbelievestheyareabstractandobscure.Othershold

theviewthattheknowledgeandunderstandingoftranslationtheoriesisthe

prerequisiteofproducingqualifiedtranslationworks.Inmyview,translation

theoriesaretheguidelinesoftranslationpracticesandtheexperience

obtainedintranslationpracticecanbesummarizedintosystematictheoriesto

facilitatelaterpractice.

Itistranslationtheoriesthatguideusintranslating.Withoutthelearningand

comprehensionoftranslationtheories,ourtranslationmaybeinamess.

Everyonehastheirownwayoftranslating,butwiththeexperienceprovided

bytranslationtheorists,wewillknowwhichwayfitsthesourcetextmost.

Forexample,onemayhavenevertranslatedanEnglishpoemfromEnglishto

Chinese,sohedoesn’tknowhowtodealwithit.Butifhestudiesthethree-

beautyprincipleproposedbyXuYuanchong,afamousChinesetranslator,he

willknowthathemustmakeanattempttoproduceapoemwhichisbeautiful

initssense,form,andsound.

Inturn,theexperienceobtainedintranslationpracticescanbesummarized

intotranslationtheoriestofurtherguideourtranslationpractice.Translation

qualityvariesfrompersontoperson.Itisinevitablethatsomeproducebetter

translationworksthanothers.Thus,wecanlearnfromthebesttranslatorsby

analyzingtheirtranslatingtechniques.Then,maybeanewtranslation

techniquewillbediscoveredandthenappliedbyothertranslatorsintheir

latertranslation.

Allinall,translationtheoriesplayasignificantpartinprovidingprinciples

fortranslationpracticesandtranslationpracticesarethesourcesoflater

translationtheories.Butwemustbearinmindthatthequalityoftranslation

worksdoesnotsolelydependontheapplicationoftranslationtheories.

Translationisacomplicatedactivitywhichdemandsatranslator’s

proficiencyinbothtargetlanguageandsourcelanguage,broadknowledgein

variousfields,perceptionlevel,etc.

【解析】

作文题目：翻译学习中理论与实践的关系。作者提出了自己的观点：翻

译理论为翻译实践提供指导原则，而翻译实践中获得的经验反过来又可

以总结成系统的翻译理论，用于之后的实践。第一段作者阐明观点。第

二段中，作者以许渊冲的三美论为例，论述了翻译理论如何指导翻译实

践。第三段中，作者说明了翻译实践对翻译理论的作用。最后一