河南师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2012年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解4

2013年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解15

2014年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解26

2015年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解37

2017年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解48

2018年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解60

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2012年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ.VocabularyandGrammar(30points)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary_____toomuchworklastweek.

A.taketo

B.takeout

C.takeaway

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】句意：董事长被指责上周让他的秘书承担了太多工作。takeon承担。taketo喜欢；开始从事。takeout

取出；去掉。takeaway带走，拿走。

2.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasa(n)_____forbreakingthelaw.

A.excuse

B.intention

C.option

D.approval

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不懂法律不能作为违犯法律的借口。excuse借口。approval批准；认可。

3.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital_____ofmilk.

A.storage

B.reserve

C.resource

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：据说在世界上某些地方，奶的重要来源是山羊而不是奶牛。source来源。

4.Toour_____,Geoffrey‟sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.

A.anxiety

B.relief

C.view

D.judgment

【答案】B

【解析】句意：让人欣慰的是，杰弗里的病没有我们害怕的那么严重。toone‟srelief使人安心的是。

5.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisa_____ofpurity.

A.symbol

B.sign

C.signal

D.symptom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：许多人喜欢白色，因为白色是纯洁的象征。sign指人们公认事物的记号、标志，也可指某种情况

的迹象。symbol指有象征意义的或表达某种深邃含义的特殊事物。signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号、暗号。

6.Thelureofsomethingfornothingasanidealingamblinghas_____criticismfromtheupright,honestpeopleofthe

society.

A.evoked

B.stirred

C.spread

D.enhanced

【答案】A

【解析】句意：赌博的理想是不劳而获，这种诱惑引发了社会上正直、诚实的人们的批评。evoke引起，唤起。

7.ThestudentsintheAdvancedTeachers‟TrainingClassareaskedtovisitthenearbymiddleschoolsforthe_____of

lessons.

A.inspection

B.investigation

C.observance

D.observation

【答案】D

【解析】句意：高级教师培训班的学员被要求到附近的中学观摩教学。inspection视察，检查（有上级对下级的

意味）。observance惯例；遵守。

8.Hisirresponsiblebehaviorputthelivesofalltheworkersin_____.

A.risk

B.alarm

C.hazard

D.jeopardy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他不负责任的行为将所有的工人置于危险之中。injeopardy处于危险状态。risk与at搭配。

9.FortunatelywhenIcollidedwiththatbigcar,thedamagetobothcarswasonly_____.

A.small

B.minimal

C.little

D.few

【答案】B

【解析】句意：幸运的是，当我和那辆大车相撞时，两辆车都只有轻微损坏。minimal指“极小的，极少的”，尤

其是最小的程度或数量。

10.Oneoftheproblemsourgovernmenthastodealwithisthe_____ofthegrowingnumberofplasticcontainers.

A.dissolution

B.disposition

C.disappearance

D.disposal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们政府需要解决的一个问题是如何处理日益增多的塑料容器。disposal丢弃，处理。dissolution

溶解；（议会等的）解散。disposition处置；性情。

11.You_____thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn‟t.

A.oughttowrite

B.oughttohavewritten

C.shouldwrite

D.shouldbewriting

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你原本应该写信给詹姆斯，然而你并没有写。oughttohavewritten是虚拟语气，表示本应该做某

事而没做。

12.Underthis_____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在这种强压下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。intense强烈的。intensive加强的；集中的。weighty

重的。bulky庞大的；笨重的。

13.Itwasrequestedthatalloftheequipment_____intheagreedtime.

A.erected

B.wouldbeerected

C.beerected

D.willbeerected

【答案】C

【解析】句意：所有设备都被要求在约定时间建好。在表示建议、要求等的词后，从句要用虚拟语气“should+

动词原形”，should可以省略。

14.Wearewritingtothemanager_____therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

A.withreferenceto

B.withthepurposeof

C.withaviewto

D.withtheexception

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我们正在给经理写信，内容关于最近在上述地方进行的修补。withreferenceto关于，有关。with

thepurposeof目的是。withaviewto为了，目的是。withtheexceptionof除„„以外。

15.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto_____togetherinresearch

activities.

A.involve

B.participate

C.specialize

D.consist

【答案】B

【解析】句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个突出特点是，为学生和全体教员提供了一起参加研究活动的机会。

participatein参加。

16.Somepeoplearguethatthedeath_____doesnotnecessarilyreducethenumberofmurders.

A.penalty

B.plot

C.pattern

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：有人认为，死刑未必会减少谋杀的数量。deathpenalty死刑。

17.Televisionwasnotinventedbyanyoneperson._____intobeingovernight.

A.Norhasitsprung

B.Nordoesitspring

C.Nordiditspring

D.Norcanitspring

【答案】C

【解析】句意：电视并不是被某一个人所发明，也不是一夜之间就出现的。否定词放于句首应该用部分倒装。

18.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto_____thehabitofsmoking.

A.turnup

B.pickup

C.makeup

D.drawup

【答案】B

【解析】句意：研究表明，生活在无烟宿舍的学生不太可能养成吸烟的习惯。pickup捡起；不费力地学会。turn

up出现；发生。makeup组成；补足。drawup起草。

19.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto_____honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberof

dishonestones.

A.dissolve

B.disguise

C.discount

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】句意：许多人事经理说，越来越难将诚实的申请者与逐渐增多的不诚实申请者区分开。distinguish...from...

把„„跟„„区分开来。dissolve使溶解；使分解。disguise掩饰；假装。discount打折扣；低估。

20.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave_____suppliesofpetroleum.

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意：欧盟成员国一度担心他们没有足够的石油供应。sufficient足够的；充分的。proficient熟练的，

精通的。efficient有效率的；有能力的。

21.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the_____ofthemotorindustryisuncertain.

A.terminal

B.benefit

C.fate

D.estimate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：有些人认为，由于石油十分短缺，汽车制造业的前景无法确定。terminal末端；终点。

22.Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthe_____silkfromdamage.

A.sensitive

B.tender

C.delicate

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在这个过程中，人们十分注意保护精美的丝绸不受损害。delicate微妙的；精美的。sensitive敏

感的。tender温柔的；柔软的。sensible明智的；通情达理的。

23.Wearequitesurethatwecan_____ourpresentdifficultiesandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.

A.getacross

B.getover

C.getaway

D.getoff

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们十分确定我们可以克服当前困难，按期完成任务。getover克服；恢复。getacross通过；使„„

被理解。getaway离开；逃脱。getoff动身；免于受罚。

24.Theoldpapermillhasbeen_____tomakewayforanewshoppingcentre.

A.cutdown

B.keptdown

C.torndown

D.helddown

【答案】C

【解析】句意：为了给新购物中心腾出地方，这座旧造纸厂已经被拆除。teardown拆除；拆毁。cutdown削减；

砍倒。keepdown控制；镇压。holddown抑制；压制。

25.Inmyopinion,he‟s_____themostimaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.

A.inall

B.atbest

C.forall

D.byfar

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在我看来，他是当代最有想象力的诗人。四个选项中只有byfar可以放在最高级前作程度副词。

forall尽管；虽然。

26.Whatalovelyparty!It‟sworth_____allmylife.

A.remembering

B.toremember

C.toberemembered

D.beingremembered

【答案】A

【解析】句意：真是一次令人愉快的聚会！我一辈子都会记住它。worth后面可以接动名词，须用主动形式来表

示被动含义。

27.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno_____togotothepartywithus.

A.mood

B.emotion

C.sense

D.taste

【答案】A

【解析】句意：工作一整天后，他十分疲惫，没心情跟我们一起去聚会。innomood没有心情。

28.It‟sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually_____fromtheBible.

A.acquire

B.derive

C.result

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：很多流行的英语表达实际上出于圣经，知道这一事实很有趣。derivefrom源出，来自。

29.Accordingtothekeywitness,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal‟smostmemorablefacial_____.

A.feature

B.signature

C.hint

D.spot

【答案】A

【解析】句意：主要目击者称，鼻子很大是罪犯最令人难忘的面部特征。signature署名；签名。facialfeature面

部特征。

30.Researchshowsthatthereisno_____relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgood

aboutlife.

A.successive

B.sincere

C.significant

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：研究表明，一个人赚多少钱与其是否对生活满意之间没有明显的关系。subsequent后来的，随后

的。successive连续的；继承的。

Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension(40points)

Section1(20points)

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.For

eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

PassageA

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive

“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild‟spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.

SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby‟sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforethe

ageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoarguments

againstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodern

societiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherand

motherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotso

widespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyet

beencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthe

lastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformly

reportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren‟sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobe

usedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby‟sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcare

mightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.

Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthree

arelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostall

childrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedly,whymoreandmorepatentsmakeuseofchildcareat

thistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareis

reasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassagemainlycenterson_____.

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldgotonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhoaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.

A.relieve

B.influencefavorably

C.disposeof

D.tendtosuffer

3.AccordingtoBowlby‟sbelief,itisquitepossiblethat_____.

A.men‟spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtopotentialnegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybepredicted

4.ThosewhoareagainsttheconclusiondrawnfromBowlbythinkthat_____.

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.daycaredoesnotnecessarilyhaveanegativeeffectonchildren

C.achilddidnotlivetogetherwithparentsamongNgoni

D.childrendoemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromparents

5.Thewriterconcludesthat_____.

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案与解析】

1.B第一段提出，有的人认为“...childrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthree”，后面说到也

有一些反对这一结论的观点，后文针对这一话题进行了讨论。

2.D根据宾语“emotionalproblems”即可知句意，这些孩子们在今后的生活中容易遇到情感问题。

3.C由最后一段“ButBowlby‟sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects”可知，“earlyday

care”的影响会延迟。

4.A由第二段“...theinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexist

intraditionalsocieties”可知，反对第一段结论的人认为，在传统社会中，孩子与父母很早就分开。

5.D最后一段作者的结论为“...experienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.”，

也就是把三岁以上的孩子送到托儿所是合理的。

PassageB

Gettingreadytogobacktoschoolinthegoodolddaysof,say,1998meantafewtripstothemallandaquick

checkofthebusroute.Thisyear,formanypatents,therearesomenewthingstoremember:Theteacher‟se-mailaddress,

theschool‟swebsiteandwhichnightonlinehomeworkhelpschatwillbeoffered.“The1999-2000schoolyearwillbe

theonewhenthemajorityofparentsreallyfeeltheInternet‟sinfluenceontheirchildren‟seducationeverydaylevel,”

saysJonathanCarson,chairmanoftheFamilyEducationCo.,whichoffersaparentingwebsiteatwww.family

andaframeworkforlocalschoolstocreateandmaintaintheirownsites.

Thisyearpromisestoshowaquantumleapinthespreadofschooltechnology:Parentsinmanydistrictscanexpect

tobeabletochecktheschoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightlyhomework

assignments—allonline.“Theschoolsarewired.”saysCarson.“Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandthe

educatorsarereadytogo.”

Overthesummer,parentsofhighschoolGermanstudentsinIthaca,N.Y.gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,through

theirhomecomputers.TheclassbroughtadigitalcameraandlaptopwiththemtoGermanyanddocumentedtheirvisit

ontheirwebpage.HazyAsh,fatherof16-year-oldtravelerBrian,founditreassuringtoseehisson‟ssmilingfacefrom

halfaworldaway.Beforetheirkidsleft,parentshadchokedthesiteforschedulinginformation,alistofactivitiesand

adviceonculturaldifferences.

Whenit‟sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetweentheparentsand

theschool,saysCynthiaLapier,Ithaca‟sdirectorofinformationandinstructionaltechnology.“Themoreyoucaninvolve

parentsinschool,thebetter,”Lapiersays.“Thetechnologygivesusanotherwaytoreachthem,especiallyparentsof

secondaryschoolstudents,whotendtobelessinvolved.”

Ithacahighschoolphysicsteacher,SteverWirt,getse-mailfromparentsregularly,somefromtheparentshe

believesmightotherwisenotpickupthephonewithaconcern.Usingreviewingforaquizordiscussinghomework

problems.

Thewaythingsaregoing,bytheendofthisyear,manyparentsmaybefullyconverted-andinfactdependentupon

theirschools‟technologicalcapabilities.AtarecentlywiredschoolinNovi,Michigan,theschoolwebmasterwasjusta

fewhourslatepostingthelunch-menucalendaronthewebsite.Inthattime,morethanadozenparentscalledhimby

telephonetorequesttheinformation.“Ayearago,itneverwouldhavebeenthere,“saysCarson.Andnowpatentsare

findingit‟stoughtogetbywithoutit.

6.Manyparentsnowremembertheteacher‟se-mailaddressandtheschool‟swebsitebecause_____.

A.bydoingsotheyneedn‟tgotothestoretobuystationeryfortheirchildren

B.theycanreachtheirchildren‟sschoolandtheteacherswithouttravelingthere

C.thee-mailandthewebsitecanhelpthemfindoutwhattheirchildrendo

D.theycanobservehowtheInternetaffecttheirchildren‟seducationeveryday

7.“Theschoolsarewired.Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandtheeducatorsarereadytogo.”(Para.2)meansthat

_____.

A.theschoolsandpaintsareconnectedbytheIntentsothatteacherswillleaveschool

B.parentscanfindoutwhathappenstotheirchildreninschoolbyvisitingInternet

C.parentsandeducatorsmaydiscoverthatschoolsarestrangebyusingcomputers

D.theschoolsareonlineandparentsnowcanteachtheirchildrenandtheteachersaretogo

8.TheexampleofIthacahighschoolisusedtoshow_____.

A.howimportanttheschoolwebsiteisforparentstobeinvolvedineducation

B.thattheschoolonlinecanreassuretheparentsaboutwhattheirchildrendo

C.howtheparentsofthestudentsgottobepartofaclasstriptoEurope

D.itismorelikelyforparentstosendteacherse-mailsthantophonethem

9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theattitudeofparentstowardsthelunch-menucalendaronthewebsiteis_____.

A.reliant

B.optimistic

C.biased

D.opposite

10.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingwillbechangedmost?

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachersandschools.

B.Theconnectionbetweenstudentsandschools.

C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandschools.

D.Theassociationbetweenwebsitesandschools.

【答案与解析】

6.C根据第二段第二句“Parents...checktheschoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandview

nightlyhomeworkassignments-allonline.”可知，网络可以帮助家长了解学生在学校各方面的情况，掌握相

关的信息。

7.B这句话表明网络为学校、教师和家长提供了利用现代科学技术的便利条件。

8.A第三段中“...parentsofhighschool...gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,throughtheirhomecomputers”说明了网

络技术在教育中起到越来越重要的作用，信息技术可以促使一切因素参与学校教育。

9.A由最后一段“Andnowpatentsarefindingit‟stoughtogetbywithoutit.”可知，家长已经离不开学校提供的网

络服务了。

10.C根据第四段“Whenit‟sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetween

theparentandtheschool”可知，如果一个地区、学校或教室的网站设计得好，便会改善家长与学校之间的

关系。

Section2Answeringquestions(20‟)

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfollow

eachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorresponding

spaceinyouranswersheet.

Questions1-3:

GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans.Carver‟sfirst

stepwastoanalyzeplantpartstofindoutwhattheyweremadeof.Hethencombinedthesesimplerisolatedsubstances

withothersubstancestocreatenewproducts.

Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomakeindustrial

productsiscalledchemurgy.Carverwasoneofthefirstandgreatestchemurgistsofalltime.Todaythescienceof

chemurgyisbetterknownasthescienceofsynthetics.Eachdaypeopledependonandusesyntheticmaterialsmade

fromrawmaterials.AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowingneedto

developsubstitutesforthenaturalsubstancesbeingusedupbyhumans.

Carvernevercaredaboutgettingcreditforthenewproductshecreated,lienevertriedtopatenthisdiscoveriesor

getwealthyformthem.HeturneddownmanyofferstoleaveTuskegeeInstitutetobecomearichscientistinprivate

industry.ThomasEdison,inventoroftheelectriclight,offeredhimalaboratoryinDetroittocarryoutfoodresearch

whentheUnitedStatesgovernmentmadehimacollaboratorintheMycologyandPlantDiseaseSurveyofthe

DepartmentofAgriculture.Heacceptedthepositionwiththeunderstandingthathewouldn‟thavetoleaveTuskegee,An

authorityonplantdisease—especiallyofthefungusvariety-CarversenthundredsofspecimenstotheUnitedStates

DepartmentofAgriculture.Atthepeakofhiscareer,Carver‟sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,giveadefinitionofchemurgy.

3.WhatisthemainconcernofCarverallhislife?

【答案与解析】

1.TheworkandcareerofGeorgeWashingtonCarver,agreatchemurgist.

（从文章的第一句“GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsand

humans”和最后一句“Atthepeakofhiscareer,Carver‟sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent”以及

全文的内容可看出，全文是在介绍Carver在植物方面的研究对世界所产生的影响。）

2.Chemurgyisthedevelopmentofindustrialproductsfromfarmproducts.

（第二段第一句对chemurgy的定义为“Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfrom

farmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.”）

3.Themainconcernofhimisthedisposalofwastematerials.

（由第二段最后一句“AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowing

needto…”可知，卡弗一生中最担心的是垃圾的处理。）

Questions4-5:

Inoneverylongsentence,theintroductiontotheU.N.Charterexpressestheidealsandthecommonaimsofallthe

peopleswhosegovernmentsjoinedtogethertoformtheU.N.

“WethepeoplesoftheU.N.determinedtosavesucceedinggenerationsfromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinour

lifetimehasbroughtuntoldsufferingtomankind,andtoreaffirmfaithinfundamentalrights,inthedignityandworthof

thehumanperson,intheequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnationslargeandsmall,andtoestablishconditions

underwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiesandothersourcesofinternationallawcanhe

mentioned,andtopromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,andforthoseends,topractise

toleranceandlivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbors,andtouniteourstrengthtomaintain

internationalpeaceandsecurity,andtoensure,bytheacceptanceofprinciplesandtheinstitutionofmethods,thatarmed

forceshallnotbeused,saveinthecommoninterest,andtoemployinternationalmachineryforthepromotionof

economicandsocialadvancementofallpeople,haveresolvedtocombineoureffortstoaccomplishtheseaims”.

Thename“UnitedNations”isaccreditedtoU.SPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupof

representativesofmemberstatesmetandsignedadeclarationofcommonintentonNewYear‟sDayin1942,

Representativesoffivepowersworkedtogethertodrawupproposals,completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.These

proposalsmodifiedafterdeliberationattheconferenceofInternationalOrganizationinSanFranciscowhichbeganin

April1945,werefinallyagreedonandsignedastheU.N.Charterby50countrieson26June1945.Poland,not

representedattheconference,signedtheCharterlaterandwasaddedtothelistoforiginalmembers.Itwasnotuntilthat

autumn,however,aftertheCharterhadbeenratifiedbyChina,France,theU.S.S.R.,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbya

majorityoftheotherparticipantsthatU.N.officiallycameintoexistence.Thedatewas24October,nowuniversally

celebratedasUnitedNation‟sDay.TheessentialfunctionsoftheU.Naretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,to

developfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperateinternationallyinsolvinginternationaleconomic,social,cultural

andhumanproblems,promotingrespectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsandtobeacentrefor

co-coordinatingtheactionsofnationsinattainingthesecommonends.

NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N.Eachmember‟srightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmust

contributetopeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledgedtorefrainfromthethreatoruseof

forceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate‟sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethat

non-memberstatesactaccordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.membermustofferassistance

inanapprovedU.N.actionandinnowayassiststatesagainstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.

4.SummarizetheaimoftheU.N.

5.HowdoesU.N.dealwithacountry‟sdomesticpolicies?

【答案与解析】

4.TheaimoftheUNistoensurethefundamentalrightsofpeopleandpromotesocialprogress.

（第二段引用联合国宪章的句子表明了联合国的目标，包括保障人们的基本权利、团结各个国家、促进社会发

展等。）

5.UNdoesnotinterveneinacountry‟sdomesticaffairsandittriestoensureacountryactaccordingtoitsprinciples.

（由最后一段“ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate‟sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethat

non-memberstatesactaccordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.”可知，联合国物权干涉一个

国家的内政，只能尽力确保非成员国按照其国际和平与安全的原则行事。）

Ⅲ.Writing(30‟)

Throughoutourlife,wearemoreoftenthannotfacedwithvariouscrises.Confrontingcrises,differentpeople

responddifferently.Whatisyourattitudetowardcrises?

Writeacompositionabout400wordsonyourviewofthetopic.

【参考范文】

Crisisinourlifeislikeanillnessinourbody.Seriousillnessescandestroyourhealthandsometimesevenputan

endtoourlives,sodoesfiercecrisisknockusdownthatwemighthavenochanceofcheeringup.However,most

frequently,crisesarenotofthiskind.Thesecrisesarelikeailmentswhichoccasionallydisturbourimmunesystem.They

arecommonlyminorandmakeusmuchstrongertodefeatadversitiesthat