主谓一致 课件【知识精讲+演练提升】 英语高考一轮复习语法部分

主谓一致Subject-verbagreement高考语法陆玉航目录010203WhatisSubject-verbagreementrelatedknowledgeHowtosolveproblems

Content01WhatisSubject-verbagreement一、定义：主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致.（1）语法一致：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致（2）意义一致：谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致（3）就近一致：谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致02relatedknowledge

一、语法一致（1）表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.带薪度假的时间和地点还没决定（2）“one/either/neither/eachof＋复数名词/代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。Eitherofthestoriesisveryfunny.这两个故事都很有趣。（3）something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody,nobody，noone等不定代词作主语，谓语通常用单数。Nothingisimpossible.没有不可能的事。一、语法一致（4）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.Fiftydollarsisalargesumforakid.Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottooheavytobecarried.看作整体，谓语动词用单数。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Fiftyyearshavepassedsincetheirmarriage.强调数目，位于用复数。一、语法一致（5）主语后有with，togetherwith，alongwith，except，besides，aswellas，but,ratherthan,including,inadditionto,like等词或短语时，谓语动词的数要与这些词或短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语)。Mr．GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.Everyoneexceptyouisdownonme.(lookdownon)Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.Jack,ratherthan（而不是）Tom,ispunishedbytheteacher一、语法一致（6）what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。Whatsurprisedmemostwashisattitudetowardshisstudy.最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.她父亲留给她的只有一些书（7）such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。SuchisStephenHawking，whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.这就是史蒂芬·霍金，他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就Sucharetheresultswehavegot.这些就是我们所取得的成果一、语法一致（8）有计量单位名词修饰的不可数名词充当句子主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数形式，由计量单位名词的单、复数形式决定。Thereisacupofteaonthetable.桌子上有一杯茶Howmanybottlesofmilkarethereinthebox?箱子里有多少瓶牛奶？（9）非谓语动词作做主语

一般是单数，若是两个或两个以上动作时，用复数形式。Toseeistobelieve.／Seeingisbelieving.Lyingandstealingareimmoral.一、语法一致（10）从句做主语一般是单数，若是两个或两个以上名词性从句做主语时，用复数形式。Thattheywillwiniscertain.what/whatever/which引导的从句做主语时，有时要看它们代指的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。Whathesaidistrue.Whatweneedaremorevolunteers.一、语法一致（11）有两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，有apairof修饰时要用单数glasses,shoes,boots,pants,chopsticks,scissors,sock,strousers,clothes,Myglasseswerebrokenwhileplayingfootballyesterday.Apairofglassesislyingunderthedesk.一、语法一致（12）amount和quantity作主语a(large)amountof+U.N.+V(sing.)

(large)amountsof+U.N.+V(pl.)alargequantityof+C.N/U.N.+V(sing.).A(large)amount/quantityof+N.+V单数largequantitiesof+C.N/U.N.+V(pl.)amounts／quantitiesof+N.+V复数Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.alotof/lotsofalotofstudentsarelotsofmoneyis…aquantityof后即可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词。如果aquantityof接不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式；如果aquantityof接复数名词，则谓语通常采用复数形式。quantitiesof后接复数名词或不可数名词，后面的谓语都用复数形式。Largequantitiesoftimehavebeenspentonthediscussion.一、语法一致（13）名词所有格作主语thebaker’sthedoctor‘stheZhang’sMybaker'sisnotfarfromhere一、语法一致（14）用and连接的主语一般均用复数，但表同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式

①指同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数and后面的名词前没有冠词Thepoetandwriterhascome.Thepoetandthewriterhavecome(两个人）Theteacheranddancerisafriendofmyfather’s.②成对的名词（表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数）breadandbutter涂黄油的面包sodaandwater汽水coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡aknifeandfork一副刀叉saltandwater盐开水...Aknifeandforkisonthetable.③Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.一、语法一致④“并列形容词修饰名词”做主语一个单数名词或不可数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词做主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。EnglishandAmericanliteratureareappealingtoher.Simpleandplainlivingisafinequality.and连接的两个what从句做主语Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.二、意义一致（1）“every/each/no＋名词＋andevery/each/no＋名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlisplayingsportsnow.EveryminuteandEverysecondisprecious.Nomanandnowomanisallowedtoenterthehall.（2）“one＋单数名词＋andahalf”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.桌子上有一个半苹果oneandahalf后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.二、意义一致（3）“morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.不止一个学生考试不及格由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.二、意义一致（4）“manya＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Manyachildwasplayingthere.很多孩子在那边玩（5）在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，根据先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数；在“oneof＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句中，谓语动词用复数；但之前有the(only)等修饰语时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。MaryistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohaseverbeentoChina.oneof+复数名词+单数谓语Oneofthestudentsisfromthesouth.二、意义一致（6）therest，theremaining/part…＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定Thefactoryusedthreefifthsoftherawmaterials，therestofwhichweresavedforotherpurposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用（7）分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义About50%ofthelandissuitabletogrowplants.大约50%的土地适合种植物About80%ofthepeopleinthecityobjecttothepriceofrunningwatergoingup.这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调二、意义一致（8）无标记的复数名词作主语people,cattle,police,youthThepoliceweresenttokeeporderimmediately.强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数Ourclass_____(is/are)agreatone.Ourclass_____(is/are)musiclovers.Hisfamily_____(is/are)alargeone.Hisfamily_____(is/are)watchingTVtogether.二、意义一致（9）单复数同形的名词作主语根据表达的意义决定动词的单复数sheep,deer,fish,means,works,Japanese,Chinese,crossroads,series,species

Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtopreventtheairpollution.Allpossiblemeanshavebeenusedtopreventtheairpollution.（10）the+adj/done①表示一类人，做主语时V（pl）②表示一个人或一种抽象概念或品质时V（sing）Thericharetohelpthepoor.Thebeautifulisnotalwaysuseful.二、意义一致（11）集体名词作主语——根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数形式①表示整体，为单数；②表示个体（多个人），为复数常考集体名词：army,audience,class,club,committee,enemy,crowd,family,government,militia,group,majority,minority,part,public,staff,team,troop,flock,firm(company,corporation),youth.注意：people,police,cattle也为集体名词，但只有复数含义二、意义一致（12）表示学科的名词作主语physics,mathematics,economics,politics（13）国家、单位、书、报刊作主语时TheUnitedStatesTheNewYorkTimes书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.（14）anumberof与thenumberof二、意义一致（15）算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.二、意义一致（16）“kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语动词形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是后面所跟名词的单复数。Thenewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.三、就近原则（1）谓语动词的人称和数常常与其最接近的主语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有or，not…but…，either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…等EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.要么他们要么我为这个事情的结果负责（2）在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声三、就近原则（3）当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。here引起的句子与此用法相同Thereisapen，aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.书桌上有一支钢笔、一把刀和几本书Hereisapen，afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.在抽屉里有一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸

特别提示：就近一致原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句里，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。IseitherTomoryoutobesenttoworkthere?是你或者汤姆要被派去那里工作吗？1.Theboywiththetwodogs(sleep)whentheearthquakerockedthecity.【参考答案】wassleeping 2.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn(be)therewhenthemeetingbegan.【参考答案】was3.NowTom withhisclassmates(play)footballontheplayground.【参考答案】isplaying1.EitherJaneorSteven(watch)TVnowch.【参考答案】iswatching2.NeitherLiPingnorI(be)abasketballplayer.【参考答案】am 3.Not onlyTombutalsohiswife(be)fondofwatchingtelevision.【参考答案】is演练提升4.There(be)adesk,twobedsandfourchairsintheroom.【参考答案】is3.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary(be)abouttwothousand.【参考答案】is4.Theaudience(be)solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.【参考答案】was 5.Eitherofyou(be)goingtheretonight.【参考答案】is 6.AllbutDick(be)inClassThreethisterm.【参考答案】are 演练提升1.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversityarerisingsteadily.（单句改错）are改为is2.-NotonlyJeffbutalsoLaurahavegotaninvitationtotheparty.-Oh,theyarebothverylucky.（单句改错）have改为has3.Whatimpressesthereadersmostis(be)theauthor'shumorandwisdom.-4.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearthis(be)washedawayeachyear.5.Hehasdonatedsomemoneytothosewholiveinpoverty,whichis(be)ofgreathelp.6.Beingcreativelooks(look)likeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.演练提升7.Thehousewaswithinastone'sthrowofarailwaystationfromwhichtherewere(be)frequenttrainstothebigcity.8.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsare(be)goingtoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.9.One-thirdofthecountryis(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensare(be)blackpeople.10.ThepopulationofJiangsugrows(grow)tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.演练提升1.Thebrainbenefitswereseen(see)amongpeoplewhoateroughlyoneandathirdcupsofrawgreensaday,oraboutahalf­cupofcookeddark,leafygreens.2.Asaresult,manyhavearguedthatthecurrentperiodofglobalwarmingis(be)partofanaturalpatternandthehumanroleincreatingithasbeenexaggerated.3.ThegraduationceremonytakesplaceattheendofMayorbeginningofJune,whichusuallyincludes(include)music,awards,andaguestspeaker.4.Asthe5Geraapproaches(approach),oneofthekeyconcernsfortelecomoperatorswillbehowtheycanuse5Gnetworkstomeettheneedsofhigh­densityareas.5.Feedingbirdsis(be)goodforeveryone.Birdersenjoywatchingthebirds,whilethebirdsgetenoughfoodtosurviveinbigcities.6.However,peoplewhohavedonerelatedresearchesbelievethatthefullmoonaffects(affect)humanbehaviorstosomedegree.演练提升Ourgrouparereadingthenewspaper.Ourgroupisaunitedone.Myfamilyisalargeone.Thefamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.Manyapersonhasthatkindofopportunity.很多人都有那种机遇。Morethanonemanhasbeendismissed.不止一人被解雇了。演练提升易错聚焦Yourshoesarecleanwhilehisaredirty.Suchisourplan.All(any/some/none)arehereandallisready.②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.含有of的情况量词是老大：apairof,abottleof,apieceof,twopairsof,twobottlesof,twopiecesof,名词是老大：allof,someof,anyof,alotof,mostof,noneof,halfof,therestof

PronounsReadthefollowingsentencesandsummarizetherules：Allofusarehereforlunch.Allissilentontheisland.all指人用复数,指物用单数—Howmanyapplesdowehiave?—Three.All_______hereall强调数目,依据具体语境及句意are

代词each,everyone,noone,another,theother,either,neither或"some/any/no/every+one/thing/body"构成的复合不定代词作主语时,

谓语动词用单数形式。Wewenttoseeacoupleofhouses,butneitherwassuitable.我们去看了两处房子,但都不合适。trousers(裤子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼镜),chopsticks(筷子),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圆规),gloves(手套)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当主语被kindof/typeof/pairof等修饰时,谓语动词的形式通常根据kind/type/pair等的数来确定。

Jim’strousersarebrown.吉姆的裤子是棕色的。

ThispairoftrouserswasmadebyMr.Li.这条裤子是李先生做的。考点主语形式把主语看做1all，some

表人或可数的的物复数all,some

表事或不可数的物，抽象概念单数2anumberof+复数名词表“许多”复数thenumberof+复数名词，表（的数量）单数3a(large)quantityof/an(large)amountof+不可数名词，表“大量的”单数(largr)quantitiesof/(large)amountsof+不可数名词，表“大量的”复数4thepopulationof...:表示...的人口数单数thepopulationof...：的居民复数需要区别对待的考点有题有真相1.Allis(be)goingwell.2.Allare(be)agreedonthispoint.3.Anumberofchildrenlike(like)thissong.4.Thenumberoftrafficaccidentshas(have)increased.5.Hugequantitiesofoilwas(be)spillingintothesea.6.80%ofthepopulationofourcountrywas(be)peasants.

需要区别对待的的考点考点主语形式把主语看做5冠词+Aand冠词+B,表示不同的人或物复数冠词+AandB,表示同一人或物单数6the+adj，表示一类人复数the+adj,表示抽象概念单数注意：当AandB表示一个整体时，要看成单数aknifeandfork（一副刀叉）,ironandsteel（钢铁）,timeandlife（岁月）有题有真相1.Theteacherandwriteris(be)fromHunan.2.Theteacherandthewriterare(be)fromHunan.3.Theyoungare(be)fullofenergy.4.Thenewis(be)suretoreplacetheold.以复数形式结尾的名词的考点考点主语形式把主语看做1news，means（方法）,works（工厂）,和以复数形式结尾的学科mathematics（数学）,politics（政治）,physics（物理）单数2trousers（裤子）,glasses（眼镜）,clothes（衣服）,shoes,scissors（剪刀）,goods（货物）,arms（武器）复数有题有真相1.Mathematicsseems(seem)tobedifficulttohim.2.Herclothesare(be)blackandmytrousersare(be)white.主语主语形式把主语看做集体名词强调一个整体单数强调集体中的各个成员复数常见的集体名词：class,family,army（军队）,team,club,party,crowd,majority（大众）,public,group,committee（委员会）等要看做单数的集体名词：people,police,cattle（牛群）,youth（年轻人）等。集体名词考点有题有真相1.Thefamilywas(be)goingtomovetoNewYork

2.Hisfamilywere(be)allmusiclovers.3.单复数同形：Everypossiblemeans

(have)beentried.Allpossiblemeans

(have)beentried.Thatfish

(be)veryfresh.Severalfish

(be)caughtyesterday.hashavemeans(方法）species(物种;种类）——复数形式

fish(几条鱼）deer(鹿）sheep(绵羊）——单数形式iswere表示单数意义,谓V.用单数;表示复数意义,谓V.用复数。5.

some/most/therest/分数/百分数+of+名词,Mostoftheworkers

(be)

insupportoftheplan.Mostofthewaterinthebottle

(be)drankbytheboyyesterday.Therestofthemoney

(be)giventomymotheryesterday.

Therestoftheapples

(be)eatenbymysisterlastnight.One­thirdoftheproject

(have)beenfinished

uptonow.Eightyfivepercentofthestudents

(have)finishedtheirhomework.arewaswaswerehashave谓V.与of后的名词保持一致。固定短语修饰主语3.“许多...”，谓语V.用复数；“...的数量”，谓语V.用单数。

Thenumberofthebooks

(be)nomorethan100andanumberofthem

(be)arecheap.

4.

“许多...，大量...”,谓语V.的单复数形式与amount和quantity的词形保持一致。Agreatquantityofmoney

(be)spentontheprojectlastyear.Largequantitiesofsand

(be)washeddownthehillbytherainyestersay.isareaamountof+名词amountsof+名词anumberof+名词thenumberof+名词aquantityof+名词quantitiesof+名词waswere表示"……加(减、乘、除)……(等于……)"的结构作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。99and2is101.99加上2等于101。

Twotimesfourmakeseight.2乘以4等于8。2.Twothirdsofthestudents____observingthebehaviorofthebirds.Sixtypercentofthewater___deliveredtotheNortheastChina.(be)总结:百分比/分数/amajorityof/aworldof/halfof/plentyof+名词做主语，谓语动词与_________________________保持一致。

of后面的名词的单复数areis五、of+名词的用法2).therestof/allof/mostof/partof/halfof/…percentof/onethirdof,etc+名词,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词表示的意义。Twentypercentofthemembers__________(support)TerryLin,whichmakeshimrankfirst.support五、of+名词的用法五、of+名词的用法

noneof（一个也没有），neitherof（两者都不），eitherof（两者之一）后接复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。e.g.NeitherofusspeaksRussian.3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。4.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。

Apartofthestudentshavearrived.Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenbythemouse.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof