（教师版）第五章 形容词和副词精讲与精练

第五章形容词和副词精讲与精练一、形容词和副词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空Formanypeople,lifeisalot[1]_____(easy)today.Medicineanddietareimproving[2]______(quick),andpeoplearegetting[3]________(healthy)andliving[4]______(long).Buttheareaoflifethatischanging[5]___________(quickly)ofalliscommunication.Fiftyyearsago,computersweremuch[6]_______(big)andless[7]_________(power)thantheyarenow.Today,weusetheinternet,sowecancommunicate[8]___________(easy)withfriendsallovertheworld.Notallthechangesare[9]___________(well)ones.Morepeopledrivecarsinsteadofridingbikes,sotheyaren’tas[10]_________(fitness)astheywere.Trafficdoesn’tjustmaketheroads[11]_______(crowd),italsomakespollution[12]__________(bad).Wemustallthink[13]_________(careful)abouthowwecanuse[14]___________(little)energy.Wemustallwork[15]_________(hardly)toreducepollution.Keys:1.easier2.quickly3.healthier4.longer5.(the)mostquickly6.bigger7.powerful8.easily9.good10.fit11.crowded12.worse13.carefully14.less15.hard二、形容词考点精讲：形容词考点1、形容词的基本特征与功能作定语一般位于被修饰名词的前面（修饰不定代词时放在不定代词的后面）Asunnyday阳光明媚的一天akindperson一个和蔼可亲的人Afunnystory一个滑稽可笑的故事classicalmusic古典音乐Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.以a开头的表语形容词(alive、afraid、alike、asleep)或形容词短语作定语时放在被修饰词的后面。abottlefilledwithwater装满水的瓶子thebabyawake醒着的婴儿作表语用在系动词后面I’mfeelinglonely.我感到孤独。Mr.Yangisverystrictwithstudents.杨老师对学生非常严格。作补足语Hefoundthehouseempty.他发现房子是空的。【宾语补足语】Thehousewasfoundempty.房子被发现是空的。【主语补足语】Ithinkitimpossibleforhimtocompletetheworkbeforethedark.我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成工作。【宾语补足语】作状语：形容词作状语说明主语的状态Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。“The+形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语或宾语，作主语时位于用复数。Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.新事物将代替旧事物。考点对练1:用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thebaby___________(sleep)isMrsGreen’sson.2.Thehouse___________(fully)ofsmokebelongstoMr.White.3.Theman_______________(responsibility)forthetripishandsome.4.Heistheperson________________(awareness)ofthedanger.5.Theriveristwentymeters_____________(widely).=Theriveristwentymetersin_____________(wide).6.Heisthemost________________(handsomely)manthatIhaveevermet.7.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbe___________(harm),thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip---thesatisfactionitgivesus.8.LittleTomsat__________(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfronthim.9.Theold____________(be)morelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.10.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbe________(cloud)withaslightchanceofrainlatertonight.11.Listeningisthusanactive,nota______________(passively),behaviorconsistingofhearing,understandingandremembering.Keys:1.asleep2.full3.responsible4.aware5.width6.handsome7.harmful8.amazed.9.are10.cloudy11.passive形容词和副词考点2、-ed形容词和-ing形容词的用法-ed形容词表示“人感到如何的”，-ing形容词用来描写事物，表示“令人怎么样的”Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.听到这个令人激动的消息，我们感到兴奋。常考的-ed形容词和-ing形容词amazed（吃惊的）amused（愉悦的）annoyed（气恼的）astonished（惊讶的）bored（厌烦的）confused（困惑的）disappointed（失望的）discouraged（泄气的）embarrassed（尴尬的，感到为难的）excited（兴奋的）frightened（感到恐惧的）interested（感兴趣的）puzzled（困惑的）satisfied（满意的）shocked（感到震惊的）surprised（惊讶的）worried（担心的）amazing(令人吃惊的)amusing（有趣的）annoying（使人气恼的）astonishing（令人惊讶的）boring（厌烦的）confusing（令人困惑的）disappointing（令人失望的）discouraging（令人泄气的）embarrassing（令人为难的）exciting（令人兴奋的）frightening（令人恐惧的）interesting（有趣的）puzzling（令人困惑的）satisfying（令人满意的）shocking（令人震惊的，可怕的）surprising（令人惊讶的）worrying（令人担心的）形容词和副词考点考点3、带有-ly后缀的形容词friendly友好的,deadly致命的,lovely可爱的,lonely孤独的,likely可能的,lively生动的，活泼的,ugly丑陋的注意：下列词既可作形容词也可做副词daily每日的（地），日常的weekly每周的（地），monthly每月的（地）yearly每年的(地)early早的（地）考点对练2:用所给词的适当形式填空Thechildrenwere_______afterthe________trip.（tire）Tom’sparentsare_________athis_____________resultsoftheexams.（disappoint）Whenhearingthe_________newsthatMichaelJacksonpassedaway,theywere________tolookateachother.（surprise）Apolicecarappearedontheroad,thethiefhada___________lookonhisface.（frighten）Aidsisa______________(dead)disease,soweshouldprotectourselvesfromit.Itis___________(like)toraininallpartsofthecountrytoday.Keys:1.tired,tiring2.disappointed,disappointing3.surprising,surprised4.frightened5.deadly6.likely三、副词考点精讲：副词考点考点1、副词的基本特征与功能副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语。Heworkedhardallhislife.他一辈子工作努力。Fortunately.HewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.副词的构成规则例词1、在形容词后加“ly”entire--entirelycurious--curiouslyexact--exactlyfortunate--fortunatelyimmediate--immediately2、将形容词的词尾“le”变为“ly”comfortable—comfortablygentle—gentlypossible—possibly3、辅音字母加“y”结尾的变y为“i加ly”busy—busilyeasy—easilyheavy—heavilyangry—angrilyhungry—hungrilylucky—luckilyhappy—happily4、特殊词true—truly5、本身就是副词fastveryquite副词考点2、两种形式但意义不同的副词high(高)、highly(高度地)Theycanjumphigh.Theythinkhighlyofus.wide(宽)、widely(广泛地)Heopenedhiseyeswide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.deep(深)、deeply(深深地)Theyworkeddeepintolate.Weweredeeplymovedbyhiswords.hard(努力)、hardly(几乎不)Studyhardandyouwillmakeprogress.Icanhardlyrecognizehim.close(近地)、closely(紧紧地，密切地)You’dbettergetclosetohim.Watchclosely.most(最,非常)、mostly(大部分地，主要地)It’samostinterestingfilm.Theaudienceconsistedmostlyofwomen.late(晚，迟)、lately(最近)Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately.free(免费地)、freely(自由地)Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.考点对练3:用所给词的适当形式填空1.MysistercanspeakFrench________________(fluent).key:fluently2.Youcanonlydosoifyou_________(true)believeit.Key:truly3.___________(unlucky),hegotstuckinthetrafficjam.Key:Unluckily4.Hepushedthestick_____________(depth)intothemud.Key:deep5.Theboysareplaying__________(happy)withthegames.key:happily四、形容词副词比较级与最高级精讲1、比较级与最高级的构成构成法原级比较级最高级①一般单音节词末尾加-er和-eststrongstrongerstrongest②单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r和-ststrangestrangerstrangest③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estsad

big

hotsadder

bigger

hottersaddest

biggest

hottest④少数以-y,-er(或-ure),-ow,-ble结尾的双音节词末尾加-er和-est(以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母，把y变成i，再加-er和-est，以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)angry

clever

narrow

nobleangrier

cleverer

narrower

noblerangriest

cleverest

narrowest

noblest⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mostdifficultmore

difficultmost

difficult不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthest(表距离)furthest(表程度)oldolder（年龄）elder（辈分）注意：theelderly（老人）oldesteldest形容词副词比较级与最高级用法as+原级+as与....一样HelikesmathsasmuchashelikesEnglish.他喜欢数学就像他喜欢英语一样。Johnworksashardashisbrother.约翰工作和他哥哥一样努力。notso/as+原级+as与....不一样Icannottypeasfastasyou我打字没有你快。Thisbookisnotasinterestingasthatone.这本书没有那本书有趣。比较级+than....JapanisalittlelargerthanGermany.日本比德国大一点儿。“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句”(如ofall,ofthethree,intheworld,thathasevertakenplace等)。如：OfallofthewritersinEngland,WilliamShakespeareisthemostwidelyknown.副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于副词最高级前定冠词the可以省略。如：Heruns（the）fastestofthethree.三个人中他跑得最快。比较级+and+比较级：越来越......I’mconvincedthatourschoolwillbecomebetterandbetter.我相信我们学校会越来越好。the+比较级，the+比较级：越......，（就）越........Theharderyoustudy,themoreprogressyouwillmake.你学习越努力，你取得的进步就会越大。（8）表示倍数的句型A:“…

times

＋形容词

/

副词的比较级＋

than

…”B:“…

times

+as

+

形容词

/

副词的原级＋

as

…”C:“…

times

+

the

+

名词（如：

size，

height，

weight，

length，

width

等）＋

of

…”D:“…times+what从句”EG:This

hall

is

five

times

bigger

than

our

classroom.

这个大厅比我们的教室大

5

倍。This

dictionary

is

five

times

as

thick

as

the

one

you

borrowed

from

the

library.

这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本（厚度）的

5

倍This

river

is

three

times

the

depth

of

that

one.

这条河是那条河的三倍深The

length

of

the

road

is

four

times

what

it

was

three

years

ago.

这条路的长度是三年前的

4

倍。考点对练4:用所给词的适当形式填空【2014·全国大纲卷改编】Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethe__________(good)possibleeducation.Thenumberofpeoplepresentatthe2016OlympicGameswasmuch_________(large)thanexpected.Itishardtobookaticket.Thisis____________________(interesting)bookthatIhaveeverread.ShenzhouXIisbyfar___________(advanced)man-madespaceshipinChineseastronomy.【2015·四川改编】7.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis_________(good)hehasevergot.[2013·天津卷改编]IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftime—thereare________（many）meaningfulthingstodo.1.best2.larger3.themostinteresting4.themostadvanced5.thebest6.more五、考点应考技巧：1、在语法填空题中，注意判断空格处充当什么句子成分,在名词前作定语，系动词后作表语，宾语后面作宾语补足语时用形容词；作状语时用副词。在改错题中，注意形容词与副词是否用错，比较级、最高级与原级是否用错。注意标志性的词语以及上下文隐含的比较的含义：如than,as...as,more等。六、考点精练(一)单句语法填空1.【2021·全国甲卷】Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat45(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!Key:better考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。2.【2021·全国甲卷】butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir50(day)routines.Key:daily3.【2021·全国乙卷】Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome61(educate)abouttheareas.Key:educated考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配becomeeducatedabout表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。4.【2021·全国乙卷】Provide68(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.Key:financial5.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Itwill58(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Key:undoubtedly考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。6.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the59(hot)thespring!Key:hotter查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。7.2021·新高考Ⅰ卷Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus60(astonish).Key:astonished考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。8.【2021·浙江高考卷】Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch39（small）thanitistoday.Key:smaller考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。9.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Key:extremely。考查副词。修饰形容词challenging要用副词。故填extremely。10.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.Key:than。考查连词。根据前面的more可知,此处考查连词than。more...than...比……多。“月球背面有很多深深的环形山,比我们熟悉的近侧更多。”11.【(2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

Key:much考查形容词。ice是不可数名词,故表达询问“多少冰”时用howmuchice。12.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Orangetreesaremore64.decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Key:than。考查固定搭配。morethan在此处表示“不仅仅”。句意:橘树不仅仅是装饰;它们是好运和财富的象征。13.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.66.(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Key:certainly14.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】The69.(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Key:beautiful。考查词性转换。此处需要形容词和long并列修饰后面的名词branches。15.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir62(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Key:finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修饰的是work,根据后文中thebest可知应填fine的最高级finest。16.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Asthesmallboatmoved68(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Key:gently。考查副词,空格处修饰的是前面的动词moved,应用副词gently。17.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Key:wealthy。考查形容词。分析句子结构可知修饰名词主语people,要用形容词。18.【2020•浙江高考】Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.Key:than。考查比较级。此处指农业比狩猎和采集的人均生产的粮食多。19.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;Key:poorly考查副词。修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied作状语,应用副词形式,故填poorly。20、【2018·全国I】Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears______(long)thannon-runners.Key:longer21、【2018·全国I】Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife______walking,cyclingorswimming.Key:than22、【2018·全国II】Atasteformeatis______(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Key：actually23、【2018·全国II】AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal______(globe)fertilizerconsumption.Key:global24、【2018·全国III】Hescreamsthe__________(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemale(gorilla大猩猩)beatshischestandchargestowardme.Key:loudest25、【2018·浙江】Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe[1]_____(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven[2]______(high)costonyourhealth.Key:affordable/higher26、【吉林长春2018届高三年级四模】Andiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb,“______(well)latethannever.”key:better27、【长沙市雅礼中学、河南省实验中学2018届高三联考】ButwhileIwasoutoftheroom,Chip（鹦鹉名）climbedontothebowltohaveatastebutsoonfellinandsank.______(luck),Goldie（鹦鹉名）wasonhandandstuckherfaceinthebowltofishChipout.Key:luckily【onhand在手边，在附近，在场】【stick插入;刺入】28、【湖北襄阳四中2018届高三5月第四次模拟】Itis[1]______(increase)clearthatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingWesternideas.ThisispartlybecauseChinaskippedoverthePCageandwentdirectlytomobile.Chinahasthe[2]______(large)mobileuseintheworld.Key:increasingly/largest29、【河北石家庄二中2018届高三仿真模拟（一）】Officialdatashowthatthecountry’sdigitaleconomyaddedupto22.58trillionyuanlastyear,rankingsecond_______(global)andaccountingforaround30percentofnationalGDP.key：globally30、【河南郑州2018届高三下期第三次模拟】However,he(StephenHawking)wentontobecomeoneofthe_____(great)mindstheworldhaseverknown.Key:greatest31.Sogetanearlystartandtrytobeasproductivepossiblebeforelunch.Key:as(二)单句语法改错1.【2021年全国甲卷】Inmyopinion,whenintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmostly.Key:考查形容词。此处表示最信任的人。mostly表示"主要地；通常";most表示（程度）最大。故mostly改为most。2.【2021年全国乙卷】What'smost,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.Key:①What'smore表示"更重要的是；另外"。故把most改为more。②把mentally改为mental,考查形容词作定语。此处应该用形容词修饰后面的名词relaxation。【2020·全国卷I】TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.Key:考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。【2020·全国卷II】I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.Key:考查形容词。句意：我确信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。【2020·全国卷III】Inordertomakesurelyallofusareingoodhealth,shemakesspecificplansforus.Key:句意：为了确保我们所有人身体好，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。makesure确保，该短语是固定短语，所以副词surely改成形容词sure。【2019·全国卷I】Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.Key:将interesting改为interested。【2019·全国卷I】Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.Key:考查副词。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。【2019·全国卷II】First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.Key:考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。【2019·全国卷II】IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.Key:将too改为very/so。【2019·全国卷II】OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.Key:将amazing改为amazed。【2019·全国卷III】WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.Key:考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe，应用形容词。ordinarily是副词。故把ordinarily改为ordinary。【2018·全国I】Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Key：happily--happy【2018·全国III】Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.Key:larger-large【2017全国I】IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleonthe