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2021年高考英语一轮复习考点扫描22解析版
Book4Module4GreatScientists
♦基础盘点•自测自评♦
快速排查本模块阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划4
阅□1.biologyn.生物学E22.nicknamen.绰号CB.speciesn.(动物或植物的)种
读□4.originaladj.原来的;最初的nS-best-sellern.畅销书(或唱片等)
□6.diagnosevt.诊断D7.victimn.受害者D8.brilliantadj.聪颖的;才华横溢的
单
□9.careern.生涯;经历niO.briefadj.简短的;简洁的
珂
□11.partlyadv.部分地;在一定程度上□12.physicaladj.13.relativityn.相对论
□14.rocketn.火箭niS.arrown.(弓)箭□16.straightadj.直的
1.leadingadj.主要的2.figuren.人物3.publishvt.出版
重核4.breakthroughn.突破5.supportvt.支持6.replacevt.取代;以...代替
7.escapevi.逃跑;逃避8.clearvi.C烟雾)消散
心【会应用】根据汉语提示完成下列各句
点l.Hisfirstnovelpublished(出版)lastyearispopularwithmanyyoungreaders.
单
2.Justthenawhite-hairedoldwomanentered,supported(搀扶)byagirloftenyearsold.
3.Wehadtowaitonthefreewayuntilthethickfogcleared(放晴)atlast.
词词
4.Confuciusisoneofthegreatestfigures(人物)inhistory.
1.educatevt.教育—educationn.教育一educatorn.教育工作者:教师
2.agriculturen.农业taguiculluraladj.农业的
汇
3.productionn.产量—producev.生产—producern.生产者
4.exportvt.出口―imporlvt.进口(反义词)
土匚
fn
扫5.quantityn.数量tQualityn.质量
6.graduatevi.毕业n.毕业生—graduationn.毕业
7.personaladi.个人的一personallyadv.就自己而言一>Dersonalityn.性格;个性;人格
展
描8.explodevi.爆炸一explosionn.爆炸,爆炸声
【语境活用】用所给词的适当形式填空
单
1.Thisfactoryproducescomputers.Itsproducerisoptimisticabouttheproductionandsale,(produce)
2.Thegovernmentisattachingmoreimportancetoeducatingtheyoungergeneration.Inasense,itis
词thedutyofeveryeducatortodowhattheycanforthecauseofeducationofChina.(educate)
3.Aftergraduation,heisoneofthegraduateswhohavejustgraduatedthisyearandhavefounda
goodjobinBeijing.(graduate)
4.Twobombsexplodedinthecentreofourcityandtheexplosioncausedsevendeaths.(explode)
1.bringup培养;养育【语境活用】用左才些短语的适当形式填空
重2.thekeyto(doing)sth.(做)某事的关键1.bringupchildren抚育子女
3.asaresultof作为...的结果2.thekeytosuccess成功的秘诀
点
4.beknownfor因...而出名/闻名3.beknownforbeautifulscenery因风景秀丽而闻名
5.eamone'sliving谋生4.growcropstoearnaliving种庄稼谋生
短
6.cometo/intopower掌权5.bringinnewlaws推行新法
7.bringin引进;带来6.Doyouknowwhei1thefirstChineseempresscame
语
8.carryout进行,执行;实现;履行to/intopowerintheChinesehistory?
重句型1:keep+宾语+宾语补足语
[教材原句]Thetubeswereattachedtoalong【句型仿写]
点stickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovingina你不应该让她在寒冷的天气中等了两个小时。
straightdirection.Youshouldn'thavekeptherwaitingfortwohoursin
句这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上,这根木棍能使suchcoldweather.
火箭直线前进。
式句型2:现在分词短语作结果状语[句型仿写]
[教材原句]Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,他浪费很多时间玩电脑游戏,这使得他期末考试考
becomingtheworld'sfirstastronaut?得很差。
或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方,成为世Hewastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames,making
界上第一个宇航员?himperformsobadlyinthefinalexam.
知PartiPart2
识ItiscleartoeveryonethatnothingcanAfterHitlercametopowerinGermany,oversix
主replacemother'sloveandcare.Hismother,whomillionJewswerekilled.Asaresult,alotofJewswere
earnedherlivingbysellingnewspapers,spentforcedtoescapefromtheirhomeland.NotuntilHitler
线
alargequantityofmoneyonhiseducation.HedieddidsomeofthemreturntoGermany.Todaywe
串
becameanoutstandingfigureinhisfieldsoonshouldkeepthestudentsinformedofthehistoryof
记
afterhisgraduation.Hisfirstbookwasthisperiodandhelpthemrealizetheimportanceof
publishedlastweek.Inbrief,itwashispeace.Withoutpeace,wewouldn'tbelivinga
mother'ssupportthatcontributedtohissuccess.harmoniouslife.
拓l.-s结尾的单复数同形名词2.合成名词“v.+adv.“大观园3.“数量”名词全接触
展①species物种①breakthrough突破①quantity数量
速②series系列②breakdown故障;破损②amount数量
记③means方法③breakup破裂;瓦解③number数量
©crossroads十字路口©takeaway外卖食物©mass大量
⑤remains剩余物⑤warm-up热身运动⑤plenty大量
©works工厂⑥get-together联欢会;聚会©abundance大量
♦随堂检测•基础过关♦
I.单句语法填空
1.Itiseverybody'sdutytoobservethetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoing(go)ontherighttrack.
2.Hissuccesswasalongstory,butinbrief,hesucceededaftermanyfailures.
3.Hangzhou,known(know)fortheWestLake,attractsmanyvisitorseveryyear.
4.I'llraisebothhandsinsupportofbanningsmokinginsidetheschoolyardfromnowon.
5.Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspent(spend)inbringingugthethreechildrensincetheywereborn.
6.Theboymanagedtoescapefromtheburninghouse,buthecouldn'tescapebeingpunished/punishmenKpunish)
becausethefirewascausedbyhisplayingwithmatches.
7.Themuseumhasbeencompleted,butthegovernmenthasn'tmadeitclearwhenitwillbeopentothepublic.
8.Thoughearning(earn)hislivingbysellingfruit,theoldmancontributedmuchmoneytohelpthepeoplehitby
thedisaster.
9.Aftertheearthquake,theelectricitysupplyfailed,making(make)thecoolingsystembreakdown.
10.一Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
-Thekeytosolving(solve)theproblemistomeetthedemandsmade(make)bythecustomers.
H.单句改错
1.Don'tworry.Iwilldoeverythinginmypowerstohelpyou.powers一power
2.Youmaybephysicalandmentallyexhaustedafteralongflight.physical—physically
3.Hisfirstbookpublishedlastyearanditturnedouttobeabest-seller.在published前力Uwas
4.Expertsbroughtintohelpthefarmersincreasethecropoutputlastyear.在brought前力口were
5.Afterthousandsofexperiments,theresearchersfinallymadebigbreakthrough.在biv前力口a
in.课文里的高考根据课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
TheChinesescientist,YuanLongping,isa1Jeading(lead)figureintherice-growingworld.Hewasbornand
brought2.upinChina.Asaboyhe3.waseducated(educate)inmanyschools.Hestudiedagricultureincollege.
After4.graduation/g「aduating(graduate)fromSouthwestAgricultureCollege,hehasdevoted5.himself(he)to
agricultureeducationandresearcheversince.Hethoughtthatthekeyto6.feeding(feed)peoplewastohavemore
riceandtoproduceit7.more(much)quickly.
Aftermanyyears'hardwork,heproduced8.anewplantbycrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,9.which
couldgiveahigheryieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants.Thisbreakthroughinricebreedinghasmadegreat
10.contributions(contribute)totheworld.
IV.话题中的写作
support,educate,graduate,earn,clear,brilliant,beknownfor,bringup
1.补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的词语)
①亚历山大・弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。
AlexanderFlemingwasborninScotlandandwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.
②在他们的支持下,他在伦敦的一个医学院接受教育。
SuDDortedbythem,hegoleducaiedinamedicalschoolinLondon.
③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。
In1906,hegraduatedCromiheschoolasatopstudent.
④他对医学做出了巨大的贡献,但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。
Hemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience,butitwashisdiscoveryofpenicillinthatearnedhimalasting
reputation.
⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世,并因此获得诺贝尔奖。
Hewasknownforthisachievement,andfbrithereceivedaNobelPrize.
⑥很显然,弗莱明是历史上才华横溢的科学家之一。
ItisclearthatFlemingisoneofthebrilliantscientistsinhistory.
2.升级平淡句
①用分词作状语升级句①
BorninScotland.AlexanderFlemingwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.
②用“介词+which”非限制性定语从句升级句⑤
Hewasknownforthisachievement,forwhichhericeivedaNobelPrize.
3.衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇:but)
BominScotland,AlexanderFlemingwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.Supportedbythem,
hegoteducatedinamedicalschoolinLondon.In1906,hegraduatedfromtheschoolasatopstudent.Hemade
grealconlributionslomedicalscience,butitwashisdiscoveryofpenicillinIhalearnedhimalastingreputation.He
wasknownforthisachievement,forwhichhereceivedaNobelPrize.
ItisclearthatFlemingisoneofthebrilliantscientistsiuhistory.
♦课后达标检测♦
I.短文语法填空
Thespreadoftea
TheteatraderoutesbetweenChinaandtheWesternworld1(actual)occurredin1517.Teawasthe
mostprominent(突出的)andimportant2(export)productofChinaduringtheMingDynasty.
ThecolonialpowerofPortugaldeclinedfrom1580to1640,whichaffectedtheteatradegreatlyandtea
exportation3(see)abriefdecline.Afterthat,itwasn'tuntil1607-1610whentheDutchbegan
transportationofteafromMacao,ChinatoHolland4wayofBanten,IndonesiathattheEastbegan
tradingteawiththeWestagaininearnest.
Teawassoldandpurchasedindrugstores5itwassoldasacommondrinkingbeverage.Whenit
firstbecamepopular,thepriceofteawassoexpensivethatonlythe6(wealth)couldaffordtodrinkit.The
Dutchteadrinkerswerepredominately(主要地)merchantswhotransportedthetea7(they),sailorsandthe
wealthy.
Thecustomof8(drink)teaspreadtoFrancein1638,thentoEnglandin1645,andtoGermanyin
1650.Finallyinthemiddleofthe17thcentury,theDutch9(trade)introducedteatoNorthAmerica.By
theendofthe17thcentuiy,ithadnotonlybecome10populardrinkingbeveragebutalsoinfluencedthe
riseofthenteaparty^inGreatBritain.
【语篇导读】文章介绍了中国茶叶传播到西方的过程。
1.actually解析:根据句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语。
2.exported解析:根据句子结构可知,此处用非谓语动词作定语;product与动词export之间是
被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。
3.saw解析:文中讲述过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时。
4.by解析:bywayof为固定用法,意为“经由
5.before解析:根据语境可知,此处表示茶被当作一种饮料出售之前常在药店进行买卖。故用before
引导时间状语从句。
6.wealthy解析:"the+形容词”表示一类人。
7.themselves解析:此处用反身代词指商人们自己。
8.drinking解析:分析句子结构可知,空前是介词,介词后接动名词。
9.traders解析:根据语境可知,此处表示荷兰商人把茶引进到北美,故用traders.
10.a解析:文中讲,茶成为一种受欢迎的饮料。根据语境可知,此处用不定冠词表泛指。
n.阅读理解
A
Bytryingtolickle(使发痒)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhis
adviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthin
skinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.
ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichael
Brechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsof
joychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.These
nervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.
Tomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrainwhereticklingwasprocessed,Ishiyamathen
stimulated(刺激)thatareawithelectricalcurrents.Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.
"It'strulyground-breaking,saidJeffreyBurgdorf,aneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversitywhoreviewed
thepaper.44Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”
Burgdorfhasplayedacentralroleinourunderstandingofanimaltickling.Hewaspartofateamthatfirst
noticed,inthelate1990s,thatratsmadespecialnoiseswhentheywereexperiencingsocialpleasure.Othershad
alreadynotedthatratsrepeatedlymadeshortandhighsoundsduringmeals.ButthelabwhereBurgdorfworked
noticedthattheyemittedsimilarsoundswhileplaying.Andsooneday,theseniorscientistinthelabsaid,"Let'sgo
andticklesomerats."Theyquicklyfoundthatthosecriesofpleasuredoubled.
“Theauthorshavebeenveryadventurous,“saidDanielO9Connor,aneuroscientistatJohnsHopkins
University.Tohim,thatfindingwasverysurprising.
“Whydoestheworldliterallyfeeldifferentwhenyouarestressedout?”hesaid."Thisisthefirststeptowards
answeringthatquestion.Itgivesusawaytoapproachitwithexperimentalrigor(严谨).”
1.Whatcontributedtohumans,beingticklishaccordingtoAristotle?
A.Theirspecialskin.
B.Theirsocialpleasure.
C.Theirnervoussystem.
D.Theirwillingnesstotouch.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJeffreyBurgdorfagreewith?
A.Theresearchprocessisfullofrisks.
B.Thefindingofthestudyissurprisingandunbelievable.
C.Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialforthestudyofemotion.
D.Thefindingofthestudyactuallycontradictsmodernscience.
3.Theunderlinedword“squeaked"inParagraph2maybereplacedby"
A.gaveasmile
B.madeanoise
C.burstintotears
D.watchedwithstaringeyes
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheLifeofRats
B.HowRatsLaugh
C.AWonderfulScientist
D.ANewDiscoveryaboutRats
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应,所得出的结
论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。
1.A解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的"sinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinand
uniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals”可知,亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄,而且有独特
的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物,所以正确答案为A。
2.C解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”可知,这项研究
成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度,显然,这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故答案为C。
3.B解析:词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies^^
可知,当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候,它们会高兴地跳起来,再结合第三段中的“Theratsbegantojump
likerabbitsandsinglikebirds.”可知,此处是“发出声音”的意思,故选B。
4.D解析:标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故答案为D。
B
Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebomandnotmade.
Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressed
flowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdo
mentalmaths.
Ihaveonlytheunmemorablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecall
clearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal
clearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.
Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeinto
variedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingabout
otherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmy
consciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whichsomemighthonourwiththetitle
ofscientificresearch.
Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist:
Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself-discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnot
onlyself-disciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalist
isborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.
5.Whatimpressedtheauthordeeplyduringhischildhood?
A.Wildlife.B.Music.
C.Languages.D.Literature.
6.Whycan'ttheauthorrememberhisrelativesclearly?
A.Hedidn'tlivewiththemforlong.
B.Thefamilywasextremelylarge.
C.Hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature.
D.Hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem.
7.Accordingtotheauthor,whatpersonalityshouldabornnaturalisthavefirstofall?
A.Beingknowledgeable.
B.Beingself-disciplined.
C.Beingfullofambition.
D.Beingfullofenthusiasm.
8.Whydoestheauthorsayheisanaturalist,notascientist?
A.Hethinkshelackssomequalityrequiredofascientist.
B.Hethinkshehasmuchtroubledoingmentalarithmetic.
C.Hethinkshecomesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway.
D.Hethinkshejustreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservations.
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,作者通过自身的经历明白J'一个道理:博物学家是天生的,而科学
家则是可以后天培养的。
5.A解析:细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,作者在童年时,印象深刻的是那些野生生物,
故选A。
6.C解析:推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知,作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲
戚并不是很在意,所以没有深刻的印象,这与第四段第二句中的“Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld”呼应,
故选Co
7.D解析:推理判断题。根据第四段前两句"Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthe
naturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations”可知,作者从小热爱自然界,而且这种热
情使作者做了很多不同的调查,成了一个博物学家。由此可推知,一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情,
故选D。
8.A解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知,作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科
学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质,故选A。
ni.完形填空
Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon'tcomewithaninstructionmanual(说明书).Andeach
childis1.Soparentssometimespulltheirhairoutinfrustration,not2whattodo.Butin
raisingchildren,whatwedois3byourculture.Naturallythen,Americanparentsteachtheirchildren
basicAmerican4.
ToAmericans,thegoalofparentsistohelpchildren5ontheirownfeet.From6,each
childmaygethisorherownroom.Aschildrengrow,theygetmore7tomaketheirownchoices.
8choosetheirownformsofentertainment,aswellasthefriendsto9themwith.Whenthey
10youngadulthood,theychoosetheirownjobsandmarriage11.Ofcourse,manyyoung
adultsstill12theirparents*adviceandapprovalforthechoicestheymake.Butoncetheynleavethe
13ataround18to21yearsold,theywanttobeontheirown,not14totheirmothers'apron
strings(围裙带).
TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericaisveryinformal.Americanparents15
theirchildrenasindividuals-notasextensionsofthemselves.They16themtoachievetheirowndreams.
Americanspraise,encourageandgivetheirchildrenthe17tosucceed.Whenchildrenbecomeadults
theirparentsbecomemorelike18.But19topopularbelief,mostadultAmericansdon'tmake
theirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheirparentscometo20them.Evenasadults,theyrespect
andhonortheirparents.
1.A.strangeB.newC.differentD.unHke
2.A.noticingB.knowingC.rememberingD.deciding
3.A.changedB.madeC.controlled□.influenced
4.A.valuesB.standardsC.laws□.services
5.A.sitB.getC.standD.rise
6.A.childhoodB.girlhoodC.boyhoodD.adulthood
7.A.moneyB.spaceC.timeD.freedom
8.A.AdultsB.AmericansC.TeenagersD.Parents
9.A.helpB.shareC.joinD.provide
lO.A.gainB.passC.becomeD.reach
11.A.partnersB.wivesC.husbandsD.couples
12.A.inviteB.seekC.tryD.choose
13.A.nestB.houseC.roomD.place
14.A.connectedB.tiedC.stuckD.held
15.A.lookB.recognizeC.thinkD.view
16.A.hopeB.suggestC.commandD.allow
17.A.powerB.trustC.confidenceD.energy
18.A.friendsB.companionsC.membersD.companies
1
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