2021届高考英语复习考点Book 4 Module 4 Great Scientists（解析版）

2021年高考英语一轮复习考点扫描22解析版

Book4Module4GreatScientists

♦基础盘点•自测自评♦

快速排查本模块阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划4

阅□1.biologyn.生物学E22.nicknamen.绰号CB.speciesn.（动物或植物的）种

读□4.originaladj.原来的；最初的nS-best-sellern.畅销书（或唱片等）

□6.diagnosevt.诊断D7.victimn.受害者D8.brilliantadj.聪颖的；才华横溢的

单

□9.careern.生涯；经历niO.briefadj.简短的；简洁的

珂

□11.partlyadv.部分地；在一定程度上□12.physicaladj.13.relativityn.相对论

□14.rocketn.火箭niS.arrown.（弓）箭□16.straightadj.直的

1.leadingadj.主要的2.figuren.人物3.publishvt.出版

重核4.breakthroughn.突破5.supportvt.支持6.replacevt.取代；以...代替

7.escapevi.逃跑；逃避8.clearvi.C烟雾）消散

心【会应用】根据汉语提示完成下列各句

点l.Hisfirstnovelpublished（出版）lastyearispopularwithmanyyoungreaders.

单

2.Justthenawhite-hairedoldwomanentered,supported（搀扶）byagirloftenyearsold.

3.Wehadtowaitonthefreewayuntilthethickfogcleared（放晴）atlast.

词词

4.Confuciusisoneofthegreatestfigures（人物）inhistory.

1.educatevt.教育—educationn.教育一educatorn.教育工作者：教师

2.agriculturen.农业taguiculluraladj.农业的

汇

3.productionn.产量—producev.生产—producern.生产者

4.exportvt.出口―imporlvt.进口（反义词）

土匚

fn

扫5.quantityn.数量tQualityn.质量

6.graduatevi.毕业n.毕业生—graduationn.毕业

7.personaladi.个人的一personallyadv.就自己而言一＞Dersonalityn.性格；个性；人格

展

描8.explodevi.爆炸一explosionn.爆炸，爆炸声

【语境活用】用所给词的适当形式填空

单

1.Thisfactoryproducescomputers.Itsproducerisoptimisticabouttheproductionandsale,（produce）

2.Thegovernmentisattachingmoreimportancetoeducatingtheyoungergeneration.Inasense,itis

词thedutyofeveryeducatortodowhattheycanforthecauseofeducationofChina.（educate）

3.Aftergraduation,heisoneofthegraduateswhohavejustgraduatedthisyearandhavefounda

goodjobinBeijing.（graduate）

4.Twobombsexplodedinthecentreofourcityandtheexplosioncausedsevendeaths.(explode)

1.bringup培养；养育【语境活用】用左才些短语的适当形式填空

重2.thekeyto(doing)sth.(做)某事的关键1.bringupchildren抚育子女

3.asaresultof作为...的结果2.thekeytosuccess成功的秘诀

点

4.beknownfor因...而出名/闻名3.beknownforbeautifulscenery因风景秀丽而闻名

5.eamone'sliving谋生4.growcropstoearnaliving种庄稼谋生

短

6.cometo/intopower掌权5.bringinnewlaws推行新法

7.bringin引进；带来6.Doyouknowwhei1thefirstChineseempresscame

语

8.carryout进行，执行；实现；履行to/intopowerintheChinesehistory?

重句型1：keep+宾语+宾语补足语

［教材原句］Thetubeswereattachedtoalong【句型仿写］

点stickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovingina你不应该让她在寒冷的天气中等了两个小时。

straightdirection.Youshouldn'thavekeptherwaitingfortwohoursin

句这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使suchcoldweather.

火箭直线前进。

式句型2：现在分词短语作结果状语［句型仿写］

［教材原句］Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,他浪费很多时间玩电脑游戏，这使得他期末考试考

becomingtheworld'sfirstastronaut?得很差。

或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为世Hewastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames,making

界上第一个宇航员？himperformsobadlyinthefinalexam.

知PartiPart2

识ItiscleartoeveryonethatnothingcanAfterHitlercametopowerinGermany,oversix

主replacemother'sloveandcare.Hismother,whomillionJewswerekilled.Asaresult,alotofJewswere

earnedherlivingbysellingnewspapers,spentforcedtoescapefromtheirhomeland.NotuntilHitler

线

alargequantityofmoneyonhiseducation.HedieddidsomeofthemreturntoGermany.Todaywe

串

becameanoutstandingfigureinhisfieldsoonshouldkeepthestudentsinformedofthehistoryof

记

afterhisgraduation.Hisfirstbookwasthisperiodandhelpthemrealizetheimportanceof

publishedlastweek.Inbrief,itwashispeace.Withoutpeace,wewouldn'tbelivinga

mother'ssupportthatcontributedtohissuccess.harmoniouslife.

拓l.-s结尾的单复数同形名词2.合成名词“v.+adv.“大观园3.“数量”名词全接触

展①species物种①breakthrough突破①quantity数量

速②series系列②breakdown故障；破损②amount数量

记③means方法③breakup破裂；瓦解③number数量

©crossroads十字路口©takeaway外卖食物©mass大量

⑤remains剩余物⑤warm-up热身运动⑤plenty大量

©works工厂⑥get-together联欢会；聚会©abundance大量

♦随堂检测•基础过关♦

I.单句语法填空

1.Itiseverybody'sdutytoobservethetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoing(go)ontherighttrack.

2.Hissuccesswasalongstory,butinbrief,hesucceededaftermanyfailures.

3.Hangzhou,known(know)fortheWestLake,attractsmanyvisitorseveryyear.

4.I'llraisebothhandsinsupportofbanningsmokinginsidetheschoolyardfromnowon.

5.Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspent(spend)inbringingugthethreechildrensincetheywereborn.

6.Theboymanagedtoescapefromtheburninghouse,buthecouldn'tescapebeingpunished/punishmenKpunish)

becausethefirewascausedbyhisplayingwithmatches.

7.Themuseumhasbeencompleted,butthegovernmenthasn'tmadeitclearwhenitwillbeopentothepublic.

8.Thoughearning(earn)hislivingbysellingfruit,theoldmancontributedmuchmoneytohelpthepeoplehitby

thedisaster.

9.Aftertheearthquake,theelectricitysupplyfailed,making(make)thecoolingsystembreakdown.

10.一Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

-Thekeytosolving(solve)theproblemistomeetthedemandsmade(make)bythecustomers.

H.单句改错

1.Don'tworry.Iwilldoeverythinginmypowerstohelpyou.powers一power

2.Youmaybephysicalandmentallyexhaustedafteralongflight.physical—physically

3.Hisfirstbookpublishedlastyearanditturnedouttobeabest-seller.在published前力Uwas

4.Expertsbroughtintohelpthefarmersincreasethecropoutputlastyear.在brought前力口were

5.Afterthousandsofexperiments,theresearchersfinallymadebigbreakthrough.在biv前力口a

in.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

TheChinesescientist,YuanLongping,isa1Jeading(lead)figureintherice-growingworld.Hewasbornand

brought2.upinChina.Asaboyhe3.waseducated(educate)inmanyschools.Hestudiedagricultureincollege.

After4.graduation/g「aduating(graduate)fromSouthwestAgricultureCollege,hehasdevoted5.himself(he)to

agricultureeducationandresearcheversince.Hethoughtthatthekeyto6.feeding(feed)peoplewastohavemore

riceandtoproduceit7.more(much)quickly.

Aftermanyyears'hardwork,heproduced8.anewplantbycrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,9.which

couldgiveahigheryieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants.Thisbreakthroughinricebreedinghasmadegreat

10.contributions(contribute)totheworld.

IV.话题中的写作

support,educate,graduate,earn,clear,brilliant,beknownfor,bringup

1.补全要点句（“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的词语）

①亚历山大・弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。

AlexanderFlemingwasborninScotlandandwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.

②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院接受教育。

SuDDortedbythem,hegoleducaiedinamedicalschoolinLondon.

③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。

In1906,hegraduatedCromiheschoolasatopstudent.

④他对医学做出了巨大的贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。

Hemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience,butitwashisdiscoveryofpenicillinthatearnedhimalasting

reputation.

⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝尔奖。

Hewasknownforthisachievement,andfbrithereceivedaNobelPrize.

⑥很显然，弗莱明是历史上才华横溢的科学家之一。

ItisclearthatFlemingisoneofthebrilliantscientistsinhistory.

2.升级平淡句

①用分词作状语升级句①

BorninScotland.AlexanderFlemingwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.

②用“介词+which”非限制性定语从句升级句⑤

Hewasknownforthisachievement,forwhichhericeivedaNobelPrize.

3.衔接成语篇（注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：but）

BominScotland,AlexanderFlemingwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.Supportedbythem,

hegoteducatedinamedicalschoolinLondon.In1906,hegraduatedfromtheschoolasatopstudent.Hemade

grealconlributionslomedicalscience,butitwashisdiscoveryofpenicillinIhalearnedhimalastingreputation.He

wasknownforthisachievement,forwhichhereceivedaNobelPrize.

ItisclearthatFlemingisoneofthebrilliantscientistsiuhistory.

♦课后达标检测♦

I.短文语法填空

Thespreadoftea

TheteatraderoutesbetweenChinaandtheWesternworld1(actual)occurredin1517.Teawasthe

mostprominent(突出的)andimportant2(export)productofChinaduringtheMingDynasty.

ThecolonialpowerofPortugaldeclinedfrom1580to1640,whichaffectedtheteatradegreatlyandtea

exportation3(see)abriefdecline.Afterthat,itwasn'tuntil1607-1610whentheDutchbegan

transportationofteafromMacao,ChinatoHolland4wayofBanten,IndonesiathattheEastbegan

tradingteawiththeWestagaininearnest.

Teawassoldandpurchasedindrugstores5itwassoldasacommondrinkingbeverage.Whenit

firstbecamepopular,thepriceofteawassoexpensivethatonlythe6(wealth)couldaffordtodrinkit.The

Dutchteadrinkerswerepredominately(主要地)merchantswhotransportedthetea7(they),sailorsandthe

wealthy.

Thecustomof8(drink)teaspreadtoFrancein1638,thentoEnglandin1645,andtoGermanyin

1650.Finallyinthemiddleofthe17thcentury,theDutch9(trade)introducedteatoNorthAmerica.By

theendofthe17thcentuiy,ithadnotonlybecome10populardrinkingbeveragebutalsoinfluencedthe

riseofthenteaparty^inGreatBritain.

【语篇导读】文章介绍了中国茶叶传播到西方的过程。

1.actually解析：根据句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语。

2.exported解析：根据句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作定语；product与动词export之间是

被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。

3.saw解析：文中讲述过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时。

4.by解析：bywayof为固定用法，意为“经由

5.before解析：根据语境可知，此处表示茶被当作一种饮料出售之前常在药店进行买卖。故用before

引导时间状语从句。

6.wealthy解析："the+形容词”表示一类人。

7.themselves解析：此处用反身代词指商人们自己。

8.drinking解析：分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，介词后接动名词。

9.traders解析：根据语境可知，此处表示荷兰商人把茶引进到北美，故用traders.

10.a解析：文中讲，茶成为一种受欢迎的饮料。根据语境可知，此处用不定冠词表泛指。

n.阅读理解

A

Bytryingtolickle（使发痒）ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhis

adviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthin

skinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.

ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichael

Brechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsof

joychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.These

nervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.

Tomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrainwhereticklingwasprocessed,Ishiyamathen

stimulated（刺激）thatareawithelectricalcurrents.Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.

"It'strulyground-breaking,saidJeffreyBurgdorf,aneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversitywhoreviewed

thepaper.44Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”

Burgdorfhasplayedacentralroleinourunderstandingofanimaltickling.Hewaspartofateamthatfirst

noticed,inthelate1990s,thatratsmadespecialnoiseswhentheywereexperiencingsocialpleasure.Othershad

alreadynotedthatratsrepeatedlymadeshortandhighsoundsduringmeals.ButthelabwhereBurgdorfworked

noticedthattheyemittedsimilarsoundswhileplaying.Andsooneday,theseniorscientistinthelabsaid,"Let'sgo

andticklesomerats."Theyquicklyfoundthatthosecriesofpleasuredoubled.

“Theauthorshavebeenveryadventurous,“saidDanielO9Connor,aneuroscientistatJohnsHopkins

University.Tohim,thatfindingwasverysurprising.

“Whydoestheworldliterallyfeeldifferentwhenyouarestressedout?”hesaid."Thisisthefirststeptowards

answeringthatquestion.Itgivesusawaytoapproachitwithexperimentalrigor（严谨）.”

1.Whatcontributedtohumans,beingticklishaccordingtoAristotle?

A.Theirspecialskin.

B.Theirsocialpleasure.

C.Theirnervoussystem.

D.Theirwillingnesstotouch.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJeffreyBurgdorfagreewith?

A.Theresearchprocessisfullofrisks.

B.Thefindingofthestudyissurprisingandunbelievable.

C.Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialforthestudyofemotion.

D.Thefindingofthestudyactuallycontradictsmodernscience.

3.Theunderlinedword“squeaked"inParagraph2maybereplacedby"

A.gaveasmile

B.madeanoise

C.burstintotears

D.watchedwithstaringeyes

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheLifeofRats

B.HowRatsLaugh

C.AWonderfulScientist

D.ANewDiscoveryaboutRats

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结

论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。

1.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的"sinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinand

uniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特

的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，所以正确答案为A。

2.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”可知，这项研究

成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故答案为C。

3.B解析：词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies^^

可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“Theratsbegantojump

likerabbitsandsinglikebirds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”的意思，故选B。

4.D解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故答案为D。

B

Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebomandnotmade.

Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressed

flowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdo

mentalmaths.

Ihaveonlytheunmemorablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecall

clearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal

clearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.

Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeinto

variedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingabout

otherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmy

consciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whichsomemighthonourwiththetitle

ofscientificresearch.

Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist:

Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself-discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnot

onlyself-disciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalist

isborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.

5.Whatimpressedtheauthordeeplyduringhischildhood?

A.Wildlife.B.Music.

C.Languages.D.Literature.

6.Whycan'ttheauthorrememberhisrelativesclearly?

A.Hedidn'tlivewiththemforlong.

B.Thefamilywasextremelylarge.

C.Hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature.

D.Hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,whatpersonalityshouldabornnaturalisthavefirstofall?

A.Beingknowledgeable.

B.Beingself-disciplined.

C.Beingfullofambition.

D.Beingfullofenthusiasm.

8.Whydoestheauthorsayheisanaturalist,notascientist?

A.Hethinkshelackssomequalityrequiredofascientist.

B.Hethinkshehasmuchtroubledoingmentalarithmetic.

C.Hethinkshecomesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway.

D.Hethinkshejustreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservations.

【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白J'一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学

家则是可以后天培养的。

5.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，

故选A。

6.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲

戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld”呼应，

故选Co

7.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句"Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthe

naturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热

情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，

故选D。

8.A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科

学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。

ni.完形填空

Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon'tcomewithaninstructionmanual（说明书）.Andeach

childis1.Soparentssometimespulltheirhairoutinfrustration,not2whattodo.Butin

raisingchildren,whatwedois3byourculture.Naturallythen,Americanparentsteachtheirchildren

basicAmerican4.

ToAmericans,thegoalofparentsistohelpchildren5ontheirownfeet.From6,each

childmaygethisorherownroom.Aschildrengrow,theygetmore7tomaketheirownchoices.

8choosetheirownformsofentertainment,aswellasthefriendsto9themwith.Whenthey

10youngadulthood,theychoosetheirownjobsandmarriage11.Ofcourse,manyyoung

adultsstill12theirparents*adviceandapprovalforthechoicestheymake.Butoncetheynleavethe

13ataround18to21yearsold,theywanttobeontheirown,not14totheirmothers'apron

strings（围裙带）.

TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericaisveryinformal.Americanparents15

theirchildrenasindividuals-notasextensionsofthemselves.They16themtoachievetheirowndreams.

Americanspraise,encourageandgivetheirchildrenthe17tosucceed.Whenchildrenbecomeadults

theirparentsbecomemorelike18.But19topopularbelief,mostadultAmericansdon'tmake

theirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheirparentscometo20them.Evenasadults,theyrespect

andhonortheirparents.

1.A.strangeB.newC.differentD.unHke

2.A.noticingB.knowingC.rememberingD.deciding

3.A.changedB.madeC.controlled□.influenced

4.A.valuesB.standardsC.laws□.services

5.A.sitB.getC.standD.rise

6.A.childhoodB.girlhoodC.boyhoodD.adulthood

7.A.moneyB.spaceC.timeD.freedom

8.A.AdultsB.AmericansC.TeenagersD.Parents

9.A.helpB.shareC.joinD.provide

lO.A.gainB.passC.becomeD.reach

11.A.partnersB.wivesC.husbandsD.couples

12.A.inviteB.seekC.tryD.choose

13.A.nestB.houseC.roomD.place

14.A.connectedB.tiedC.stuckD.held

15.A.lookB.recognizeC.thinkD.view

16.A.hopeB.suggestC.commandD.allow

17.A.powerB.trustC.confidenceD.energy

18.A.friendsB.companionsC.membersD.companies

1