非谓语动词(不定式)

大学英语CollegeEnglish2021/5/91英语语法从句非谓语动词虚拟语气主谓一致时态与语态强调和倒装√2021/5/92非谓语动词2021/5/93非谓语动词不定式（todo）分词动名词（-ing）过去分词（-ed）现在分词（-ing）2021/5/94

不定式的语法功能

动词不定式的构成：（to）+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征；否定式：not+（to）do2021/5/95不定式的时态和语态时态、语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing/2021/5/961．一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。It'snicetomeetyou.HewantstobeaphysicistWeplantopayavisittothe

Leaning

TowerofPisa.2021/5/972．进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。Theboypretendedtobestudyingseriously.Sheseemstobereadinginhisroom.2021/5/983．完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。Ihappenedtohaveseentheopera.Heispleasedtohavemethisoldclassmates.2021/5/99不定式的语法功能

作主语作表语作宾语作宾语补足语作定语作状语2021/5/910主语2021/5/911Tofinishthetaskinaweekisveryhard.一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.灰心意味着失败。2021/5/912主语动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后。2021/5/913Itisveryhardtofinishthetaskinaweek.一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.灰心意味着失败。2021/5/914主语It+be+名词+todoIttakessb.+sometime+todoIt+be+形容词+ofsb.+todo2021/5/915Ittookmeonlyamonthtocompletetheproject.Itisverydifficultformetofinishthereportovernight.It'sourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.2021/5/916表语2021/5/917Myworkistocleanthewashingroomeveryday.Hisidealistobeatopengineer.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.2021/5/918宾语2021/5/919宾语afford（负担得起），agree（同意），dare（敢于），decide（决定），happen（碰巧），hesitate（犹豫），fail（不能），guarantee（保证），tend（倾向），manage（设法），pretend（假装），offer（提供），plan（计划）2021/5/920Heofferedtohelpme.Thestudentfailedtopasstheexam.Ireallycan't

afford

toseethiscompanygobankruptcy.I

guarantee

tofulfillthetask.

We

manage

to

getmostofourproduceinBritain.

2021/5/921注意事项1如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。2021/5/922MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Ifounditimpossibletoanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.Allofusthinkiturgenttoimplementeconomicreform.2021/5/923注意事项2动词+疑问词+不定式有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等。2021/5/924Couldyoutellmewhether

togoforapicnic?Mymothershowedmehowtopreparemeals.Hegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearncomputer.2021/5/925注意事项3动词+宾语+不定式不定式可以做宾语补足语2021/5/926Theofficerorderedhissoldierstofire.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.I

have

no

choice

but

to

believewhatyou'resaying.I

have

no

choice

but

to

do

as

he

tells

me.2021/5/927定语2021/5/928定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。2021/5/929Ihavealotofworktodo.Ihaveameetingtoattend.Shefoundacomfortablehousetolivein.That's

the

thing

to

worry

about.备注：所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词2021/5/930It

is

a

great

place

to

live.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.Let's

practice

now.

It's

the

best

way

to

learn.备注：如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词。2021/5/931状语2021/5/932状语表目的表结果表原因表程度2021/5/933作目的状语常用结构：todo,onlyto,inorderto,soastodo,so（such）…asto…2021/5/934Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.Heworkeddayandnightinordertogetthemoney.

2021/5/935Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.

备注：注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。╳╳n.方法，手段2021/5/936作结果状语常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto引导。2021/5/937Iawoketofindmyluggagegone.Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Hesearchedtheroomtofindnothing.2021/5/938作原因状语2021/5/939Shesmiledtoseethestudentssohappy.Shesmiledbecauseshesawthestudentssohappy.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.Theywereverysadbecausetheyheardthenews.2021/5/940状语表目的表结果表原因表程度2021/5/941省略to的不定式2021/5/942cannotbut（只得）cannothelpbut（不得不，只得）hadbetter（最好还是）hadrather（宁愿）wouldrather（宁愿）wouldsooner（宁愿）may（just）aswell（还是...的好）must（just）aswell（幸好）ratherthan（而不是）whynot（为什么不）wouldyouplease（请您...）helpsb.（to）dosth.2021/5/943I

cannot

but

admire

your

bravery.Icannothelpbutthinkthat

isveryimportant.They

had

better

think

again.I

would

rather

sleepthanwatchthismovie.2021/5/944Thispromotesempathyratherthanresentment.Why

not

eat

more

fruits?Would

you

please

fill

out

a

depositslip?Could

you

helpmefindanapartment?n.同情n.憎恨填写存款单2021/5/945省略to的不定式donothing/anything/everything...but/except结构不带to。2021/5/946LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.Ihavedonenothing

exceptdowhatIshould.Last

evening

I

did

nothing

but

repair

myfarm

tools.2021/5/947省略to的不定式当谓语动词是感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find和使役动词let,have,make时，作宾语补语的不定式可以省去to。如果这些动词为被动形式，则要保留to。2021/5/948Iheardhimlockthedoor.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadet