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课时质量评价(三十四)选择性必修第四册UNIT3主题语境:自然环境、自然遗产保护Ⅰ.阅读理解AScientistsvisitingtinyHendersonIslandintheSouthPacificrecentlymadeanalarmingdiscovery.AlthoughitisoneofthemostremoteplacesontheEarthandpreviouslyuntouchedbyhumans,theislandwascoveredinplasticwaste.Theycalculatedtherewere38millionpiecesofplastic,weighingalmost18tons,withthousandsofnewpieceswashingupeachday.“Nocountryhasafreepass—wefoundplasticfromeverywhere,”saidonescientist.“Weallhavearesponsibility,andwehavetositupandpayattention.Thisisnotanissuetoignore.Weneedtodosomethingnowtoprotectthesea.”Plasticwasteintheseahaslongbeenknownabout,butonlynowarewediscoveringthetrueextentoftheproblem.Plastictakeshundredsofyearstodecompose,soalltheplasticeverproducedstillexistssomewhere.Around95%ofplasticsmadearenotrecycled,andlargeamountsenterthesea.Currentscollectthiswasteinlargecircularsystemscalled“gyres”.OneofthelargestisinthePacificOcean,anareanowknownasthe“GreatPacificGarbagePatch”.Theproblemgetsworseasplasticbreaksdownintoverysmallpieces,or“microplastic”.Thisiseatenbyfishandleadstomassivespeciesloss.Humansalsoeatthesefish,andmicroplastichasevenbeenfoundintapwateraroundtheworld.Theproblemhasspreadtoofartoignore.TheplasticonHendersonIslandaccountsforjust2seconds'worthofglobalannualplasticproduction.Thatproductionwillmorethantripleby2050.Thentherewillbethesameweightofplasticintheseaasfish.However,therearesomeyoungmindsworkingtocleanupandprotecttheseaforfuturegenerations.WhiledivinginGreece,youngBoyanSlatnoticedtherewasmoreplasticwastethanfish.Hedecidedrightthentodedicatehislifetosolvingthisproblem.Previouslytheproblemwasconsideredtoobigtosolve;collectingtheplasticwithboatsandnetswouldbeexpensive,wouldharmsealife,andwouldtakethousandsofyears!But,Boyanthought,whymovethroughtheseawhentheseacanmovethroughyou?Toworkwiththecurrentsandgyreswouldhelpcollectthewaste.SohestartedtheOceanCleanupProject,whichplacesverylongfloatingbarriersinthePacific.Currentsthenconcentratethewastenaturallysoitcanbecollectedandrecycled.Hehopestoreducethepatchby50%injustfiveyears.“Manyproblemstodayaresideeffectsofthingspeopledidn'tthinkaboutinthepast,”hesays.Seaplasticisasymbolofthenegativeeffectsofourlifestyleandtechnology.Ouraimshouldbetocreateanewlifestyleforthiscentury.Protectingtheseafromplasticisagoodplacetostart.1.Whatalarmingdiscoverydidthescientistsmake?A.TheydiscoveredatinyislandintheSouthPacificOcean.B.TheydiscoveredtherewasplasticeverywhereonHendersonIsland.C.TheydiscoveredthattherewerenohumanbeingsonHendersonIsland.D.TheydiscoveredHendersonIslandwasthemostremoteplaceintheworld.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Microplasticismerelyharmfultothefishinthesea.B.Notallthecountrieshavetofacetheproblemofplastictrash.C.Nowadaysthereisthesameweightofplasticintheseaasfish.D.Mostplasticsmadearenotrecycled,andlargeamountsenterthesea.3.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A.HowtheOceanCleanupProjectworks.B.Theproblemofplasticcleanupistoobigtotackle.C.Lettheseaitselfdecomposetheplasticwastenaturally.D.Collectingplasticwithboatsandnetswouldbeagoodway.4.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeBoyanSlat?A.Considerateandstraightforward.B.Intelligentandresponsible.C.Knowledgeableandsensitive.D.Devotedandcourageous.B(2023·秦皇岛模拟)MarathonrunnerGerimaMustafaofUgandawalkedsome664kilometresacrossEastAfricaearlierthisyeartocallattentiontothreatstotheshea(乳木果)nuttree,asourceoffood,medicalproductsandincomeforthemanylivingfromWestAfricatoSomalia.NowresearchscientistsstudyingthesheatreeinBurkinaFasohavefoundthatitisthenaturalecosystemthatisgettingdegradedinthisregionthatmightdoharmtotheshea,whichisoftentargetedbycharcoal(木炭)traderswhokillandsellthetreesforfarlessthanthelongtermworthoftheirbenefits.Thehabitatsarelosttoeverincreasingagriculturalshiftstoo,withaclearoveralllinktotheimpactsofhumanactivity.ScientistAoifeDelaneyoftheUK,alongwithresearchersofBurkinaFasoandBritishecologists,studied10differentparklandlocationsinBurkinaFasowherethetreesareplanted.Theysaythetree—abletoproducenutsfor200years—reliesonpollinators(传粉者)thatthrivewhenothertreesandshrub(灌木)speciesarounditcreateahabitattosupportthepollinators,especiallybees.“Consequently,sheaproductionsarelikelytobenefitfromthepreservationofarangeofdifferenttreeandshrubspeciesinparklands,”Delaneyandtheresearchteamsaid.TheirworkwasrecentlypublishedintheJournalofAppliedEcology.Theauthorsrecommendmaintainingarangeofnativewoodyspeciesthroughouttheirlifespans,andplantingnewonesintofarmlandwhencleared.Theideaistobeintentionalandactiveaboutprotectingthetrees.“Onlyseparatepartsofseminaturalhabitatinthesurroundinglandscapemaynotbesufficienttoprovidethenecessarypollinationservices,”theyconcluded.“Inaregionthatissubjecttonutritionalpovertyandwherethefundrequiredtosupplylocalfoodsislackingformostfamilies,maintainingnaturalecosystemservicesthatsupportfoodprovisionmustbeapriority.”5.WhyisGerimaMustafamentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Todescribeamarathonrunner'sexperience.B.TosuggestthepopularityofGerimaMustafa.C.Tointroducetheimportanceofsheanuttrees.D.Toexplainanapproachtoprotectingthewildlife.6.WhatisagreatthreattothesheanuttreesinBurkinaFaso?A.Theagriculturaldevelopment.B.Theillegalhuntingofanimals.C.Thedisturbanceofhumanactivity.D.Thepollutionintheirnaturalhabitat.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrive”meaninParagraph3?A.Increase. B.Spread.C.Escape. D.Change.8.Whatdothescientistsrecommendlocalstodotoprotectthesheanuttrees?A.Providehandpollinationservices.B.Keepthebiodiversitywithinanecosystem.C.Replacetheoldsheatreeswithnewones.D.Openupmorenaturalhabitatsforpollinators.Ⅱ.语法填空Plantingtreesisagreatwaytoreducecarbonemissions,butprotectingouroceansandcoastalecosystemscandothesame?“Bluecarbon”referstoorganiccarbonwhich1.(store)bytheoceansandcoastalecosystems.Mangroves,tidalmarshesandseagrassesarethethreemaincoastalecosystemsthatcanstorelarge2.(quantity)ofbluecarbon.Theyplayamajorroleinreducingcarbondioxideintheair.3.(compare)withecosystemsontheland,coastalecosystemscanstorecarbon4.(constant)inthelongterm.Whenplantsonthecoastdie,theorganicdepositsthattheybecomewillslowlydisappearthankstotheflowingseawaterabove,5.meansthecarbonwillnotescapeeasilybutremainstoredforhundredsandthousandsofyears.Chinaisoneofthefewblessed6.allthreecoastalecosystems.TidalmarshesarethelargestcoastalecosysteminChina,7.(occupy)anareaof5,448squarekilometres.Incomparison,mangroveshavea8.(small)size.Accordingtothelatestdata,thetotalareaofChina'smangroveforestsin20209.(be)289squarekilometres,andover70squarekilometresofmangrovesarenewlyplantedandrestorednow.Byprotectingandrestoringthesecoastalecosystems,wecanavoidenormousamountsofstoredbluecarbongoingbackinto10.atmosphere,andsafeguardwildlifelivingintheseecosystems.课时质量评价(三十四)Ⅰ.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋上的塑料污染问题以及解决方案。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ScientistsvisitingtinyHendersonIslandintheSouthPacificrecentlymadeanalarmingdiscovery.AlthoughitisoneofthemostremoteplacesontheEarthandpreviouslyuntouchedbyhumans,theislandwascoveredinplasticwaste.”可知,科学家们惊讶地发现亨德森岛上到处都是塑料垃圾。故选B。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Around95%ofplasticsmadearenotrecycled,andlargeamountsenterthesea.”可知,大多数塑料制品不能回收,且大量流入海洋。故选D。3.A段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知,本段主要介绍了“海洋清理”项目是如何运作的。故选A。4.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But,Boyanthought,whymovethroughtheseawhentheseacanmovethroughyou?Toworkwiththecurrentsandgyreswouldhelpcollectthewaste.SohestartedtheOceanCleanupProject,whichplacesverylongfloatingbarriersinthePacific.Currentsthenconcentratethewastenaturallysoitcanbecollectedandrecycled.Hehopestoreducethepatchby50%injustfiveyears.”以及最后一段中的“‘Manyproblemstodayaresideeffectsof
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