非谓语动词详细讲解-适合高考复习

PAGE4√todotodo一.不定式构成：to+动词原形在句中作用：除谓语动词外的任何成分不定式作主语不定式作主语，常用it替代，而将真正主语放在末尾It‘susefultolearnEnglishwell=TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.句型it+be+adj+of/forsb+todosth.Itisimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等修饰人品质的时候介词用ofItiskindofyoutohelpme.不定式作宾语一些谓语动词后只能跟不定式，这类词表命令，打算或者希望的如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,plan,expect.Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?在find，think后跟不定式作宾语，常用it替代，而将真正宾语放于句末。IfinditeasytolearnEnglisheveryday.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语（与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系)eg:Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.常跟不定式作宾语补足语的有ask,want,help,wish,teach,encourage,invite,warn,allow等。eg:MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.注意：一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补，这时要省略to.这些动词有：一感（feel)、二听（hear,listento)、三让（let,make,have)、四看（lookat,watch,see,notice)。但变为被动语态时要加上to.eg:Theteacherwassawtoentertheoffice分词构成：现在分词:动词+ing过去分词：动词+ed用法：表语、定语、状语、补足语表语现分eg:Thestoryisinteresting.过分eg:Iamboredwiththething.定语现分eg:Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?过分eg:Pleasehandyourwrittenexercise.状语现分eg:Theywentoutofclassroom,talkingandlaughing.过分eg:Seenfromthehill,theschoolisbeautiful.补足语现分eg:IheardhimsingingwhenIcameinclassroom过分eg:Iwanttohavemybikerepaired.(have/make/get/+名词（代词）+过去分词）动后接动名词和不定式的区别stoptodosth停下来去做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味着做某事trytodosth尽力做某事trydoingsth尝试做某事forgettodosth忘记做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事remembertodosth记得要做某事（未做)rememberdoingsth记得做过某事needtodosth需要做某事(主动含义needdoingsth需要去做某事（被动含义）goontodosth接着做某事（另一件）goondoing接着做某事现在分词和不定式作宾语补主语的区别eg:Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.(唱的动作正在进行)Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.(唱的动作已结束)常见动词有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等。它们现在分词作宾补表动作正在进行；接不带to的动词作宾语表已经完成了的或者经常性的动作3.现在分词和过去分词的区别1.语态上，现分表主动意义，过分表被动意义thesurprisingnews令人惊讶的消息asurprisedman一个感到惊讶的人amovingstory一个感人的故事themovedpeople被感动的人们时态上，现分表正在进行的动作，过分表已经完成的动作thedevelopingcountry发展中国家thedevelopedcountry发达国家therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun升起来的太阳含有介词to的固定短语make(a)contributionto，devoteto，lookforwardto，prefer…to…，be/getusedto，payattentionto为…作贡献致力于期盼，盼望喜欢…胜过…习惯，适应关注于…havefun(in)doingsth

havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth

spendtime(in)doingsth

beworthdoing

can’thelpdoing

Keep/prevent/stopsb/sthfromdoingsth

做…有趣havefun(in)doingsth

havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth

spendtime(in)doingsth

beworthdoing

can’thelpdoing

Keep/prevent/stopsb/sthfromdoingsth

做…有趣做…有困难花费多少时间做……值得…禁不住…防止某人/某物被…从句子成分分析非谓语动词一．动名词与不定式作主语时的区别特殊表达动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作固定句型Ittakessbsometimetodosth习惯用法It’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth非谓语动词作表语1对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词Seeingisbelieving2.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征.现在分词表示令人;过去分词表示感到；Thespeechis______andthestudentsare________.Theoldmanfeels___________withhis____________sonwhoisdisappointedathisstudy.3.不定式作表语:(1)计划，趋势将要做的sheistogetmarriednextweek.(2)责任，义务必须做的I’mtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow(3)祈使,命令不得不做的You’retostandhere,doyouunderstand?(4)命运安排,注定做的Disneymetthemouseandhewastobecomeafamousartist.非谓语动词作状语作定语，放在名词后面总结原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.

A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making

原则二：用于名词后作定语时，使用非谓语动词的原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用现在分词，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义.

1.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames___inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld

2.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait

3.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost4..—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.

—Agreed!arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.Arriving原则三：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词1.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmovedPeterreceivedaletterjustnow_____hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.tosay

3.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass，hewouldanswercarelessly，always___thesamething.A.sayingB.saidC.tosayD.havingsaid4.Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys，footballsorbasketballs，___thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought原则四：作结果状语，用现在分词或不定式，其区别是，一般要用现在分词表自然而然的结果，不定式表意外不好结果.1.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet2.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，___arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching

3.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

4.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound

原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致1.Facedwithabillfor$10，000，_____.

A.Johnhastakenanextrajob

B.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajob

C.anextrajobhasbeentaken

D.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn

2.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.

A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellrings

C.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings

原则七：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式

1.._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.

A.BeingseparatedB.Havingseparated

C.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated

2.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making

原则八：对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配习惯处理

1.____withsomuchtrouble，wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.）

A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface

_____inawhiteuniform，helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

A.Dre