八年级英语下册语法填空知识点(大全)

八年级英语下册语法填空知识点(大全)一、八年级英语下册语法填空专项练习（含答案解析）1．语法填空

Whichisbetter,writingortyping（打字）?Thesedays,manycollegestudentshavegivenuptakingclassnotesbyhand.________,theytypeonlaptopsbecausetheythinktypingisfast,andtheycantype________

（many）notes,Butresearchhasshownthattakingnotesbyhandisinfactbetterforlongtermmemory.

Intheresearch,studentswereaskedtolisten________

ateacher.Sometooknotesbytypingonalaptop.The________

（other）tooknotesbywritingthemdown.Thentheyweregivenatest.Bothgroupsgotalmostthesameresultin________

（remember）thefacts.Butstudentswhotypedtheirnotesdidworseonconceptual（概念的）questions.

Whyisitlikethis?Theansweristhatwritingbyhandisslow,butitgivesthestudentsmoretime________

（think）aboutthequestionstheydon'tunderstand.Theyare________

towritedownthemainpoints."Thisleadstoadeeperunderstanding,"saythescientists.

However,thestudentstypingnotesonalaptop________

（usual）justwritedownwhattheteachersayswordforwordinclass.Althoughtheycanwritemorenotes,theyjusttypewithoutreally________（think）aboutwhattheyaretyping."Thisusuallyleadstomindlesstranscription（抄录）,"saythescientists.

Soifyouwanttoremembersomething________（well）,writeitbyhand!【答案】Instead；more；to；others；remembering；tothink；able；usually；thinking；better【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文论述了到底用手做比你好还是打字好，人们认为用手写字能够让人们进行深入思考，好找人们用手写字。（1）句意：相反，他们用笔记本电脑打字，因为他们认为打字快。这是两个进行比较的句子，使用instead表示强调，故答案是Instead。（2）句意：他们可以打印更多的笔记。对应前面的打字快，可以推测打印更多的笔记，应使用比较级many的比较级是more，故答案是more。（3）句意：在调查中，学生被问到听老师讲课。listento，听……固定搭配，故答案是to（4）句意：其他人用手写字做笔记。some…theothers，一些……其余的，故答案是others。（5）句意：两组事实上得到了相同的结果。in是介词，介词后的动词使用ing形式，故答案是remembering。（6）句意：这样会给学生跟多的去思考他们不明白的问题。思考问题作定语修饰time，因此使用动词不定式，故答案是tothink。（7）句意：他们能够记下重点。beableto能够，固定搭配，故答案是able。（8）句意：然而，学生们通常在笔记本电脑上打印笔记。usual做状语，应使用副词usually，故答案是usually。（9）句意：他们只是打字，没有真正的思考。withoutWie介词，介词后的懂事使用ing形式，故答案是thinking。（10）句意：如果你想把东西记忆得更好，用手记下来。根据前面的叙述可知，右手写字可以深入思考，记忆会更好，因此使用比较级better，故答案是better。【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍，检查验证。2．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适合的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。BeautyandtheBeast（野兽）

Aselfishandunkindprincelivedinacastle.Onecoldwinternight,thepricerefused________（help）anoldandpoorlady.Thentheladychangedintoawitch（女巫）andchangedtheprinceintoabeast.Whenhelearnedtoloveagirlandwaslovedbyher,hecouldbecomeaperson________

Notfar________

thecastlelivedaBeauty.Shewasabright,beautifuland________（dependent）girl.

Onedarkwinterday,Beauty'sfathergotlostintheforestandcametothecastle.TheBeastwasveryangryand________（put）theoldmaninprison.AndtheBeastdidn'tset________（he）freeuntilBeautyofferedtotakeherfather'splace.

________,theBeastwaskind________Beautyandfell________（deep）inlovewithher.SodidBeauty.ButGaston,whoalsolovedBeauty,wasveryangryand________（fight）withtheBeast.Atlast,theBeastkilledGaston.BeautyrushedtotheBeastandsaid"Iloveyou!"Withthesewords,theBeastsuddenlyturnedintoaprince.BeautyandtheBeastlivedhappilyfromthenon.【答案】tohelp；instead；from；independent；put；him；However；to；deeply；fought【解析】【分析】本文讲述了美女与野兽的故事。（1）句意：在一个寒冷的冬夜，王子拒绝帮助一个可怜的老女人。refusetodo，固定搭配，拒绝做，故填tohelp。（2）句意：当他学会了爱一个女孩，并且被她爱的时候，他可以变成一个人。instead，反而，副词，常用于句末，故填instead。（3）句意：离城堡不远，住着一位美人。farfrom，离……远，故填from。（4）句意：她是一个聪明、美丽而独立的女孩。根据beautifuland可知此处是形容词，dependent，是形容词，独立的，故填independent。（5）句意：野兽非常生气，把老人关进了监狱。putinprison，固定搭配，关进监狱，讲述过去用一般过去时，put的过去式是put，故填put。（6）句意：野兽没有放他，直到美女主动提出取代她父亲的位置。setsbfree，固定搭配，释放某人，动词set后是宾格做宾语，和的宾格是him，他，故填him。（7）句意：然而，野兽对这个美人很好，深深爱上了她。根据Beastwasveryangry和theBeastwaskind可知此处表示转折关系，在句首逗号前用however，但是，故填However。（8）句意：然而，野兽对这个美人很好，深深爱上了她。bekindtosb，固定搭配，善待某人，故填to。（9）句意：然而，野兽对这个美人很好，深深爱上了她。副词修饰动词fell，deep的副词是deeply，深深地，故填deeply。（10）句意：但是也爱美人的加斯东非常愤怒，并与野兽战斗。fightwithsb，固定搭配，和某人战斗，描述过去用一般过去时，fight的过去式是fought，故填fought。【点评】考查语言综合运用能力，注意谓语的时态，非谓语动词，词性，连词搭配等多种用法。3．B、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，写出短文空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

BenisastudentofGradeEightinNO.1MiddleSchool.Whenhewasonlyfiveyearsold,hebeganlearningEnglish.Hehas________

（已经）learnedEnglishfortenyears.HethinkslearningEnglishisreallyinterestingand________

（令人放松的）.BenlearnsEnglishhardand________

（练习）iteveryday.Soheis________

（更好的）atEnglishthananyotherstudentinhisclass.Aboy________

（给......命名）Timisoneofhis________

（同学）,hisfavoritesubjectisEnglishtoo,butheneedssomehelpnow.TimsayshealwaysforgetsEnglishwords________

（快地）,inthisway,hecan'tdowellinEnglish.Anotherproblemisthatheisa

boyandalwaysspeaksina________

（低的）voice,hehopesBencanhelphim."Maybeyou________

（应该）readtheoldwordsmoretorememberthemforlongertime.AndwecanspeakEnglishaloudinplaces________

（在外面）theclassroombeforeyoucanspeakloudlyinfrontofothers."saysBen.4．根据所给汉语或首字母提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

Itwasthedayofthebigmatcha________

thecity'sbestschoolteam.Ourcouchsaidwecouldwin,butitwouldbe________

（困难）.Wewarmedupb________

thematch,butwedidnotspeakverymuch.Itwasveryimportantforusto________（打败）theotherteam.

Intheearlypartofthematch,everythingwentbadly.Wemadesomem________

,andwewerenotcarefule________

withtheball.Athalftimethecoachtoldus,”Youarefasterthanthem,andyouhavegotagood________（机会）.Tryyourbestandyouwillwin.”Inthe________（二）half,weheardourfansc________,anditmadeustryevenharder.Intheend,we________（得分）andwewonthematch.5．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

MyfriendJennyhasagreatinterestin________（learn）English.Oneday,IfoundshewaswritingsomethingandIwalkedovertoher:shewasstudyingthegrammar—theusingof"it".

However,shecovered（遮盖）itwhenIcameby.Iwasvery________（surprise）andaskedher,"Whatareyoudoing?""Nothing,"sheanswered________

alowvoice.

Ididn'tknowwhy,didI________

（find）her"secret"?Ijustwantedtosay"sorry".Shereplied,"Pleasedon'tlaugh________

me.""Ididnotdothat.Whydoyouthinkinthatway?"ThenshetoldmethatherEnglishwasnotgoodandshewasalittleshyinlearningEnglishbeforeothers.Thatwasthereason________

shedidnotmakeanyprogressinthe________（speak）andwrittenEnglish.AndItoldherthatnoonewouldlaughatherinlearningbut________（she）!

ThenI________

（give）hersomeadviceonlearningEnglish.Iaskedhertotryherbest________

（show）herEnglishinordertofindhermistakesandtellsomestoriestoherfriendsandwriteaboutthethingsthatshedoesduringtheday,andthenshecouldmakesomeprogress.6．阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

Mikeis________

8-year-oldAustralianboy.HestaysinChinanow,andhisparentsworkinChina.HehasbeeninChina________threeyears.

Mikelikestocollectstamps.He________

（have）alotofChinesestampssincehecametoChina.MikeislearningChinesenow.Hestudiesveryhard,butheusuallyhasmanymistakes.HetriestospendmoretimereadingChinese________（story）.Heoftenloses________

（he）inreading.Sometimes,mistakesmakehimlearnmuch________（fast）.NowhecanwritelotsofChinesewords________workinghard.Hewassolucky________hewillhavethechancetoenteracompetitioncalledChineseBridgeinHunan.

MikelikesBeijingRoastDuckverymuch,becauseittastesdelicious.Hewantstolearnhow________（cook）RoastDuckbecausehisparentsalsolikeit.Hehopeshecanliveandstudy________

（happy）inChina.7．语法填空

Makingfriends________（need）skills.Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhomyouwanttobeyourfriends.Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodo________（填冠词）samekindofthingsastheydo.

The________（quick）waytomakefriendsistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouare________（friend）tothemandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayaway________（填介词）anangry-lookingface.

Tolearntotalkwithothersisagoodway________（make）friends.Oneeasywaytostartatalkwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn'titmakeyouwanttokeep________（talk）tothatperson?

Askyournewfriendssomequestionsabout________（they）.Who'stheirfavouritesinger?Wheredotheylive?Whatdotheydoafterschool?Theyareallgoodquestionstostartatalk.________（make）sureyouhavesomethingtoaddtothetalk,too.Whensomeoneasksyouaquestion,doananswerforthem.There'snothingthatwillstopatalk________（quick）thanashrug（耸肩）forananswer.8．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Ayounghusband________（lose）hislifeinawar.Heleftbehindhiswife,Maryandhisson,Jimmy.MaryandJimmywereverypoorandtheirlifewasveryhard.Thewifetriedherbesttolookafterhersonwiththebest________（educate）.

Jimmystudiedhardandbecame________

engineer.Hemovedtoacityandfoundagoodjobthere.Heusedtowritelettersandsent________

tohismother.Hewentbackhomeandvisitedhismothereveryyear.________,yearbyyear,Jimmydidn'ttravelhometovisithismotherwithmanydifferent________（excuse）.

Whenthemotherdied,Jimmyreturnedhome________（sad）.Jimmysawaboxinhismother'sbedroom.Heopenedtheboxandfound________

init.Therewaslotsofmoneyandapieceofpaper.Itsaid,"Myson.Here________（be）themoneyyousenttome.Idon'tspendmuchmoney.Imissyoualot.EverytimeIhearacarpassingby,Irunoutofthedoor.Butitwasn'tmyson,Isavedthemoneyforyou.Youcanuseit________

yougetsick."二、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）9．阅读理解

Lifeinthefuturewillbedifferentfromlifetoday.Betweenthenandnowmanychangeswillhappen.Butwhatwillthechangesbe?

Thepopulationisgrowingfast.Therewillbemanypeopleintheworldandmostofthemwilllivelongerthanpeoplelivenow.

Computerswillbemuchsmallerandmoreuseful,andtherewillbeatleastoneineveryroom.Andcomputerstudieswillbeoneofthemostimportantsubjectsinschoolsthen.Peoplewillworkfewerhoursthantheydonowandtheywillhavemorefreetimeforsports,watchingTVandtravels.Travellingwillbemuchcheaperandeasier.Andmanymorepeoplewillgotoothercountriesforholidays.

Therewillbechangesinourfoodtoo.Morelandwillbeusedforbuildingnewtownsandhousesforallthepeople.Thentherewillbelessroomforcowsandsheep,someatwillbemoreexpensive.Maybenoonewilleatiteveryday.Insteadtheywilleatmorefruitandvegetables.Maybepeoplewillbehealthier.Workinthefuturewillbedifferenttoo.Robotswilldodangerousandhardwork.Becauseofthis,manypeoplewillnothaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeaproblem.（1）Inthefuturetherewillbe

.A.

muchmorefruit

B.

morepeople

C.

fewervegetables

D.

fewerpeople（2）Everyroomwillhaveatleasta

inthefuture.A.

robot

B.

cow

C.

TVset

D.

computer（3）Inthefuturepeopledon'thaveto

.A.

worklonghours

B.

workfast

C.

walkonfoot

D.

eatmeat（4）Peoplemaynoteat

asmuchastheydotoday.A.

fruit

B.

fish

C.

meat

D.

rice（5）OneprobleminthefutureisthatA.

manypeopledon'thavetoworkB.

manypeoplewillnotbeabletofindworkC.

peoplehavetoworkfastD.

alltheworkwillbedonebyrobots【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C（5）B【解析】【分析】短文从人口，电脑、食物上改变向我们展示了未来生活的样子。（1）细节理解题

Thepopulationisgrowingfast.Therewillbemanypeopleintheworld

可知，未来的人口会更多。故答案是B。（2）细节理解题，根据therewillbeatleastoneineveryroom.A可知，每一个房间里至少有一台电脑。故答案是D。（3）细节理解题，根据Peoplewillworkfewerhoursthantheydonow

可知，未来人们工作的时间比现在短，故答案是A。（4）细节理解题，根据someatwillbemoreexpensive.Maybenoonewilleatiteveryday.

可知，肉会贵，人们就会吃的少。故答案是C。（5）细节理解题，manypeoplewillnothaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeaproblem.可知，未来的问题是人们没有足够的工作，很多人会找不到工作，故答案是B【点评】考查阅读理解，本题主要涉及到了细节理解一种题型，相对比较简单，一般细节理解都可以直接在文中找到答案。10．阅读理解

Angerisakindoffeeling.Manythingscanmakeyouangry.Whenyourteachergivesyoutoomuchhomework,whenyourteamlosesanimportantgame,orwhenafriendborrowsyourfavoritetoyandthenbreaksit,youmaygetreallyangry.

Usuallyyourbodywilltellyouwhenyouareangry.Forexample,youbreathefaster,yourfaceturnsred,andyoumaywanttobreaksomethingorhitsomeone.Butsometimesyouhideyouranger.Forexample,youmayhideitinyourheart.Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.

Infact,it'snotgoodtohideyouranger,andit'snormalforyoutogetangrysometimes.Butangermustgooutintherightway,withouthurtingothersoryourself.

Whenyongetangry,youcantalkaboutitwithotherpeople.It'shelpfultotalkaboutyourangerwithaparentorateacher.Whenyoutalk,thosebadfeelingscanstarttogoaway.Herearesomeotherthingsyoucandowhenyoustarttofeelangry:talktoagoodfriend;countfrom1to100;givesomeoneasmile;goforabikeride;thinkaboutgoodthings,etc.

Rememberthathowyouactwhenyouareangrycanmakethingsbetterorworse.Don'tletyourangercontrolyou.（1）Youmaynotgetangrywhen___.A.

thereistoomuchhomeworkonthisweekendB.

yourfavoritebasketballteamwinsthegameC.

afriendbreaksyourfavoritethingD.

yourparentsdon'tletyouwatchTV（2）Fromthepassage,

isNOTtruewhenyou'reangry.A.

Youbreathefaster

B.

YouhavearedfaceC.

Youhaveastomachache

D.

Youwanttohelpsomeone（3）Whenyouareangryyoucandoeverythingexcept

.A.

goforabikeride

B.

thinkaboutgoodthingsC.

talktoagoodfriend

D.

saybadthingstothepeoplearoundyou（4）Theunderlinedword"anger"inthepassagemeans___inChinese.A.

愤怒

B.

悲伤

C.

忧虑

D.

激动【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了愤怒情绪是如何产生的，并介绍了克服愤怒情绪的方法。（1）细节题。根据文章提到的Whenyourteachergivesyoutoomuchhomework,whenyourteamlosesanimportantgame,orwhenafriendborrowsyourfavoritetoyandthenbreaksit,youmaygetreallyangry可知，不会生气的事情是当最喜欢的球队赢得了比赛，故选B。（2）细节题。根据文章提到的

Forexample,youbreathefaster,yourfaceturnsred,andyoumaywanttobreaksomethingorhitsomeone.Butsometimesyouhideyouranger.Forexample,youmayhideitinyourheart.Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt可知，当你生气的时候，你不会想着帮助他人，故选D。（3）细节题。根据文章提到的

talktoagoodfriend;countfrom1to100;givesomeoneasmile;goforabikeride;thinkaboutgoodthings,可知除了不做向周围人说不好的东西，故选D。（4）推断题。根据文章提到的

Infact,it'snotgoodtohideyouranger,andit'snormalforyoutogetangrysometimes可知，划横线的单词的意义为愤怒，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。11．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Doyouwanttohaveanicetripinyoursparetime?

MayYunnanisagoodchoiceforyou.Thereyoucanenjoydifferentplacesofinterest.TimeActivitiesDay1ArriveinShangri-La.Youwillmeetyourlocalguideattheairportorinthebusstationandheorshewilltakeyoutothehotel.VisitNapaLakeinyourfreetimeintheafternoon.Day2DrivetoLijiangfor2hoursandvisitTigerLeapingGorgeontheway.AfteryoureachLijiang,youcanvisitBlackDragonPondandJadeDragonSnowMountain.Youcantakethecablecar（缆车）toBaishavillageinLijiang.Day3TakeabustoDali（about3.5hours）.YoucangoboatingonErhaiLake.VisitBaivillage,XizhouandZhoucheng.DosomeshoppingintheoldDalitown.Day4Inthemorning,flytoKunming,thecapitalofYunnan.ThentakeatourtotheStoneForest.Intheafternoon,endyourtripandleaveKunmingbyair.

Contactus:

Phone/p>

Company:SunshineTravelAgency（旅行社）

Address:209HunanRoad,Huai'an,Jiangsu（1）Theinformationabovemaybefrom________.A.

astory

B.

anewsreport

C.

aplay

D.

anadvertisement（2）WhowilltakeyoutothehotelwhenyouarriveinShangri-La?A.

Yourlocalguide.

B.

Yourdriver.

C.

Yourparents.

D.

Yourfriends.（3）Youcan'tvisit________inLijiangonthesecondday.A.

BlackDragonPondB.

TigerLeapingGorgeC.

JadeDragonSnowMountainD.

Baishavillage（4）WhencanyouvisittheoldDalitown?A.

Onthefirstday.

B.

Onthesecondday.

C.

Onthethirdday.

D.

Onthefourthday.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】大意：短文主要介绍了云南旅行的路线和景点。（1）推理判断题。根据倒数第三句Company:SunshineTravelAgency（旅行社）公司：阳光旅行社，可知文章可能来自广告。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据Day1中：Youwillmeetyourlocalguideattheairportorinthebusstationandheorshewilltakeyoutothehotel.可知，你会在机场或者公交站见到你的当地的导游，然后他或者她会带你去酒店。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据Day2：DrivetoLijiangfor2hoursandvisitTigerLeapingGorgeontheway.开车两小时到丽江，并在路上参观虎跳峡，可知虎跳峡是在去丽江的路上的景点，而不是丽江当地的景点。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据Day3：DosomeshoppingintheoldDalitown.在大理老城购物，可知是第三天的行程。故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。12．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

OnFebruary3rd,1949,NewYorkHarbor（港）wasanexcitingplace.ManypeopleweretheretogreetashipfromFrance.Ontheshipwere49Frenchrailroadboxcars（火车车厢）filledwithgiftsfromthepeopleofFrancetothepeopleofAmerica.TheseboxcarswerefromthefamousMerciTrain（Merci:aFrenchwordmeaning"thankyou"）.

AfterWorldWarⅡ,alotoffactories,roadsandfarmsinFrancehadbeendestroyed.ManyFrenchpeoplehadnojobsormoneyandhadlittletowearandlittletoeat.Inthewinterof1947,atrainwassentacrosstheUnitedStates,stoppingincitiesandtownsalongtheway.Ateverystop,peoplegavewhatevertheycould.Factoriesgaveclothingandmedicine.Farmersgavefood.Familiesgavemoney.Evenschoolchildrengaveawaytheirpocketmoney.AllthethingswerethentakentoFrancebyship.

By1949,theFrenchhadbeguntorecover（恢复）fromthewar.TheMerciTrainwastheirwayofsaying"thankyou"toAmerica.Frenchpeoplehadfilledtheboxcarswithgifts.Mostofthemwerepersonal,likehand-madetoys,children'sdrawings,orpostcards.Buttheboxcarsthemselveswereperhapsthemostmeaningfulofthegifts.Oneachcar,theFrenchpeoplehadpaintedthepicturesofalltheir40provinces,withanAmericaneagleonthefront.TheboxcarsweretakentoeachstateofAmerica,wheretheywerewarmlygreeted.

Nowmanyofthestatesstillkeeptheirboxcars.GiftssentbytheFrenchpeoplecanstillbeseeninsomemuseums.TheMerciTraincameoutofthewar,butitnowremindstheworldthatcountriescanalsoworktogetherinpeace.（1）ManypeoplecrowdedatNewYorkHarboronFebruary3rd,1949to________.A.

welcometheMerciTrain

B.

meettheirfamiliesC.

haveabigparty

D.

startatripbyship（2）In1947,atrainstoppedincitiesacrossAmericainorderto________.A.

giveawayclothingandfood

B.

getmoresoldiersforthewarC.

collectthingstohelpFrenchpeople

D.

showexhibitionsfromthemuseums（3）Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph3refersto（指）________.A.

theAmericanpeople

B.

theFrenchpeople

C.

theboxcars

D.

thegifts（4）Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.

thestoryoftheMerciTrain

B.

thehistoryofWorldWarⅡC.

giftsthatAmericanpeopleliked

D.

Americanmuseumswheretheboxcarswerekept【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】大意：短文主要介绍了来自法国的MerciTrain的故事。（1）细节理解题。根据第一段ManypeopleweretheretogreetashipfromFrance.很多人在那里欢迎一艘来自法国的船，可知这一天人们聚集在纽约港是为了欢迎MerciTrain。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段AllthethingswerethentakentoFrancebyship.所有的东西通过船被带到法国，可知火车在美国的每个城市停留是为了收集物资帮助法国人民。故选C。（3）代词辨析题。根据上文Frenchpeoplehadfilledtheboxcarswithgifts.法国人用礼物填满了火车车厢，可知划线代词them指代的是上文的gifts“礼物”。故选D。（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了来自法国的MerciTrain的故事。故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、代词辨析题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；代词辨析题需要联系上下文，推断出代词指代的内容；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。13．阅读理解

Asspacesciencedevelops,manhaslearnedmoreandmoreaboutspace.Spaceisnotonlyamazingbutalsodangerous.Whileworkinginspace,spacemenarefacingdanger.

Scientistshavefoundoutthatradiation（辐射）isthegreatestdangertospacemeninspace.Whenspacemenareworkinginspace,theyareindangerofradiationfromthesunandotherstars,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Somespecialmedicinemayworkalittle,butthere'snoreallyhelpfulmedicine.

Spacejunkisalsothoughtagreatdangertospacemen.It'sreportedthatthereare9,000man-madethingsflyinginspace.About30%oftheseareman-madesatellites（卫星）,10%arespaceships,andtherestarespacejunk.Anexplosion（爆炸）in1996madeacloudof300,000fragments（碎片）,eachatleast4mminsize,andevenasmallpieceoftheseknockedagainstaspaceshipwindowanddidsome

damage.Scientistsareworkingonhelpfulwaystodowithspacejunk.

Althoughspaceisreallydangerous,itinterestseveryoneontheearth.Inthenearfuture,itmaybecomeusualforpeopletospendafewdaysinaspacehotel.Wemayevenchoosetoleavetheearthandliveinspaceforafewyears.Soweshouldcareforspaceanddosomethingtohelpimprovethespaceenvironment.（1）________ofman-madethingsinspacearespacejunk.A.

10%

B.

30%

C.

60%

D.

80%（2）_______is/arethemostdangeroustospacemen.A.

Satellites

B.

Radiation

C.

Fragments

D.

Spacejunk（3）Whatcanpeopledoinspaceinthenearfuture?________A.

Theycanonlyliveandtravelinspace.B.

Theycangrowsomefruitandvegetablesinspace.C.

Theycanfindoutwaystosolvealltheproblemsinspace.D.

Theycanspendafewdaysorliveforafewyearsinspace.（4）Thepurpose（目的）ofthewriterwhowritesthepassageismainlyto_________.A.

introducewhatthespaceisliketousB.

talkaboutsomeimportantspacetravelsC.

tellusthespaceenvironmentandtocareforspaceD.

showushowinterestingthelifeofthespacemeninspace【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文是科普文，介绍了神奇太空的危险环境，呼吁人们关心太空并做一些事情来帮助改善太空环境。（1）考查数学计算。根据About30%oftheseareman-madesatellites（卫星）,10%arespaceships,andtherestarespacejunk.，可知100%—30%—10%=60%，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据Scientistshavefoundoutthatradiation（辐射）isthegreatestdangertospacemeninspace.（科学家们已经发现，辐射对太空中的宇航员来说是最大的危险），可知对于太空人来说，辐射是最危险的，故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据Inthenearfuture,itmaybecomeusualforpeopletospendafewdaysinaspacehotel.Wemayevenchoosetoleavetheearthandliveinspaceforafewyears.，可知Theycanspendafewdaysorliveforafewyearsinspace.说法正确，故选D。（4）考查主旨理解。根据文章主题句Soweshouldcareforspaceanddosomethingtohelpimprovethespaceenvironment.，可知介绍的是神奇太空的危险环境，呼吁人们关心太空并做一些事情来帮助改善太空环境，故选C。【点评】此题考查阅读理解。我们先阅读短文，理解短文大意。我们在分析问题后，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的语句，找出细节理解问题答案，对于主旨大意题，要根据文章的主题句确定。14．阅读短文，选择正确的选项。

Babiesbornafter2017mayneverneedtotakeadrivinglessonbecauseofthedevelopmentofself­drivingcars.Somescientistssaythatself­drivingordriverlesscars（无人驾驶汽车）mayhittheroadswithin15years,anditispossiblethatdrivingmaybecomeunnecessary,ormorerelaxingandenjoyable.

CompanieslikeGoogle,Baidu,AppleandAlibabaareworkingondriverlesscars.But,ifthetestsaresuccessful,theseelectricself­drivingcarscouldbeputintouseverysoon.Thiskindofcarsmaychangethewayweliveinthefuture.Allyouhavetodoistotypeintheaddress!

AccordingtoBaidu,driverlesstechnologyhasthefollowingfouradvantages.Firstly,driverlesscarsareactuallysafer.Withdriverlesscars,thenumberofdeathscausedbyaccidentswilldecrease.Secondly,driverlesscarsaremoreefficient（效率高的）thanmannedcars.Thirdly,driverlesscarsfollowthetrafficrules.Thereforetrafficcontrolwillbeeasiertoachieve.Atlast,thecostoftransportationwillbereducedasthelaborcostbecomesless.

Therearemanydifferenttechnologiesneededtomakeasuccessfulself­drivingcar.Themostdifficulttechnologiesofallareenvironmentalperception（感知）,behaviorprediction,planningcontrol,HDmapping,andexactGPS.（1）Accordingtosomescientists,driverlesscarsmaymakedrivingbecome______.A.

necessary

B.

difficult

C.

enjoyable

D.

boring（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutdriverlesscars?A.

Google,Baidu,AppleandAlibabaareworkingondriverlesscars.B.

Thiskindofcarsmaychangethewayweliveinthefuture.C.

Driverlesscarsaresaferthanmannedcars.D.

Passengersdon'tneedtotellthecarswheretheywanttogo.（3）Thethirdparagraphmainlytalksaboutthe________ofdriverlesscars.A.

instructions

B.

standards

C.

advantages

D.

theories（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decrease”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.

减少

B.

增加

C.

培养

D.

建造【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】这篇文章介绍了正在研发的无人驾驶汽车的特点、无人驾驶技术的优点和需要解决的技术难题。（1）细节理解题。根据itispossiblethatdrivingmaybecomenotnecessary,ormorerelaxingandenjoyable.可知是更加轻松有趣的，故选C。（2）细节理解题。A.Google,Baidu,AppleandAlibabaareworkingondriverlesscars.谷歌、百度、苹果和阿里巴巴都在研发无人驾驶汽车。B.Thiskindofcarsmaychangeourlivingconditionsinthefuture.这种汽车将来可能会改变我们的生活条件。C