语法非谓语动词复习课件-2023届高三英语一轮复习

语法——非谓语Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.CONTENT01不定式02现在分词03过去分词05分析句子结构04动名词06主谓一致不定式的基本形式否定形式不定式的基本形式：todo不定式的否定形式：nottodoHeadvisedmetogiveupsmoking.Headvisedmenottogiveupsmoking.否定形式的not的位置是放在整个非谓语的前面。注意：to还可能是一个介词，当to是介词时，后面接ing形式。To

doing

To后接doingTo是介词TodoTo后接动词原形To是非谓语不定式的一部分不定式的时态和语态不定式的一般式表示主动语态被动语态一般式TodoHepretendednottoseeus.Tobedone表示不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生，或者不定式动作在谓语动作之后发生（即表将来，todo可以表将来）。进行式TobedoingHepretendedtobesleepingwhenIenteredtheroom.无谓语动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。完成式TohavedoneShepretendedtohavereadthenovel.（表示主动）Tohavebeendone完成式表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。非谓语中，只要出现have，having，tohave就表示非谓语动作发生在谓语之前。语态时态不要看到done就很激动，认为有done就是被动语态，be和done同时存在才表示被动。不定式的用法用法例句作主语Tofindagoodjobisdifficult.Itisdifficulttofindagoodjob.常用it作形式主语作宾语Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.初高中背过的那一堆单词：afford,agree,decide,fail,desire,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,plan,promise,refuse,prefer,happen,intend…作表语Myaimistofinishitquickly.=Tofinishitquicklyismyaim.不定式作表语要么是和主语一样的东西，要么是主语产生的结果，主表位置可以互换，意义不变。To

see

is

to

believe./seeing

is

believing.作定语Wefoundahousetolivein.作状语ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindhehadalreadleft.(意想不到的结果)作宾补Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.常接宾补的这一堆词：【allow,advise,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,order,permit,persuade,teach…＋五看三使两听一感觉】（之前的课讲宾语的时候里面讲过这些词的具体用法）PART.0101不定式Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.复习五看三使两听一感觉五看：lookat,see,watch,observe,notice三使：make,let,have两听：listento,hear一感觉：feel用法：省略to的不定式,但是变为被动时，要把to补充回来。SeesbdosthSbbeseentodoNoticesbdosthSbbenoticedtodoLetsbdoSbbeletdoIoftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.复习五看三使两听一感觉五看：lookat,see,watch,observe,notice三使：make,let,have两听：listento,hear一感觉：feel用法：See

sb

do

sth整个过程；经常性习惯性的动作①Iseehersingthesong.我看她唱完了这首歌。②Ioftenseehersing.我经常听到她唱歌。Seesbdoingsth正在做某事Iseehersingingthesong.我看到她正在唱歌。Sheisseensingingthesongbyme.Seesth/sbdone被动（看见某人被做；看见某事被做）Iseethesongsangbeher.看到那首歌被他唱。Iseehimbeaten.看到他被打。Sb/sth

be

seen

to

do变为被动补充to（某人被看见做······）Sheisseentosingthesong.他被看见唱那首歌。不定式作结果状语Todo表示意想不到的结果Heworkedextremelyhardthisterm,tofailinthefinalexam.Doing表示自然而然的结果Heworkedextremelyhardthisterm,passingthefinalexam.不定式作状语Hewenthometogethiskey.WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouhappy?Weareproudtowinthefootballmatch.不定式的一些独立结构To

tell

the

truth,

Iamnothappyatthemoment.=tobefrank=Tobehonest=Totellthetruth老实说，说实在的Tobefrank,Ihaven’tmadeanyplans.一些固定句型①Hadbetter(not)dosth.②Whynotdo…?③prefertodo/preferdoing

PreferdoingtodoingPrefertodoratherthandosth.④Wouldrather(not)dosth.⑤Wouldrather(do)Athan(do)B.PART.0202现在分词Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.动词的-ing形式①现在分词②动名词具有形容词和副词的特征可以作定语、状语、（表语）、宾补具有形容词和名词的特征可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语；动名词后可以跟宾语和状语Thelessonisinteresting.Swimmingisagoodformofexercise.区别-ed和-ing形式的形容词词性可作成分形容词定语副词状语补语区别-ing形式和-ed形式的形容词Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.类型例句说明-edIwassurprised.表语表示主语的状态，则用过去分词-ingTheresultwassurprising.表语表示主语的属性和特征，则用现在分词现在分词的时态和语态主动语态被动语态现在分词一般式（与谓语动作同时发生）(not)doingHehurriedhome,lookingbackashewent.(not）BeingdoneThelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary.完成式（先于谓语动作发生）(not)Having

doneHavingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.(not)HavingbeendoneHavingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.现在分词的用法用法例句说明逻辑主语补足语（宾补；主补）Weallfoundhisargumentconvincingandinteresting.IheardTomarguingwithsomeoneelse.作宾补的现在分词与宾语逻辑上是主动关系，表示宾语的性质或状态。还是那些词，经常接宾补的词判断宾语和宾补之间的关系（主语和主补）：判断宾语和宾补之间的关系:(to)do:全过程；经常性Done：被动Doing：正在进行作定语Asleepingchild.Aswimmingchild.Achildsleepingontheground.单独的分词作定语放在修饰名词前面；分词短语放在修饰名词后面，后置。表示主动，或者动作正在进行。这个孩子自己睡在地面上。判断定语和所修饰名词之间的关系：主动，或动作正在进行，用现在分词被动，或动作已完成，用过去分词现在分词的用法用法例句说明作状语ArrivinginParis,Ilostmyway.我到了巴黎，我迷路了。前后主语一致现在分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，即前后主语要保持一致。构成独立成分Generally/franklyspeaking一般来说、坦白来说Judgingfrom/by由…来判断Takingallthingsintoconsideration这些结构可以独立存在，在句子里没有逻辑主语，习惯用法。被用作介词或连词的现在分词Supposing/providing/provided/given假如，假设，设想Considering认为Concerning/regarding关于Accordingto按照Talkingof/speaking

ofPART.0303过去分词Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.动词的-ed形式，即过去分词含有形容词或副词的特性可以在句中作定语、补语、状语过去分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，表示被动或完成。过去分词和现在分词对比Fallingleaves正在落下的树叶（正在进行）Fallenleaves已经落下的树叶（已完成）Developedcountries发达国家（已完成）Developingcountries发展中国家（未完成）Amovingstory一个感人的故事（属性，特征）Amovedaudience一位被感动的观众（状态）过去分词的用法Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.用法例句说明逻辑主语作定语Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.Thehousebuiltlastyearhadbeensoldout.前置定语后置定语两种判断定语和被修饰名词之间的关系：作宾补Wesaw

thethief

caughtbythepolice.还是那些经常接宾补的词判断宾语和宾补之间的关系:(to)do:全过程；经常性Done：被动Doing：正在进行作状语Seenfromthespace,theearthappearstobeablueball.判断主语和状语之间的关系主动或者动作正在进行：用现在分词被动或者动作已完成：用过去分词主动、动作正在进行：用现在分词被动、动作已经完成：用过去分词PART.04动名词Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.动名词Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.名词:主语；表语；宾语形容词：定语动名词作成分Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.成分例句说明主语EatingDangshengandHuangqiisgoodforhealth.（不可改）TryingtopersuadesomeoneontheInternetisnouse.（nouse;awasteoftime;nopoint）头重脚轻，it作形式主语(注意只有几种情况可以用it形式主语改写句子;不定式作主语用it改写的情况更多)表语Seeingisbelieving.宾语Havedifficult/trouble/problems/adifficulttime/ahardtime(in)doingsth.Havefun/pleasure/agoodtime(in)doingsth.Spendtime/money(in)doingsth.【Whenitcomesto/Lookforwardto/getusedto/beusedto/stickto/devoteoneselfto/be

reduced

to沦为做某事】动宾:admit,allow,advise,appreciate,avoid,deny,enjoy，feellike,putoff介宾:介词＋doing（in/to）Todoing此时to是介词todo此时是不定式定语washingmachine；flyingjacket多表示一种功能动名词的逻辑主语成分例句说明主语Smokingheremakesmeupset.(表达的不清晰)His/Tom’ssmokingheremakesmeupset.此处的逻辑主语要用：【形容词性物主代词】【名词所有格】形式宾语Doyoumindmy/his/Tom’s/mesmokinghere?【形容词性物主代词】【名词所有格】【宾格】只有动名词作宾语这种情况才能用表语Whattroublesmeissmokinghere.(意思表达的还是不清晰)Whattroublesmeishis/her/Tom’ssmokinghere.【形容词性物主代词】【名词所有格】谓语动作的主语和非谓语动名词的主语不一致的时候：谓语动作的主语和非谓语动名词的主语一致时：例句说明Idon’tlikesmokinghere.谓语动词don’tlike的主语是I,非谓语smoking的主语也是I动名词的时态和语态主动被动否定一般式DoingBeingdoneNotdoing完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendoneNothavingdoneItisnousewaitinghere.Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.Herjobwaskeepingthehallascleanaspossible.区别动名词和现在分词类别有什么词性可以作什么成分例句动名词形容词定语Washingmachine动名词名词主语Gettingupearlyisgoodforhealth.宾语Wemissedseeingthefilm.名词表语Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.现在分词形容词定语Theboysittingovertherelikessinging.(动名词)副词状语Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourvillages.补语Wefoundatreelyingacrossthestreet.Ihavethecarwaitingforyou.根据充当的成分判断：PART.0505非谓语动词解题步骤Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.非谓语动词的解题步骤Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.一、判断“谓语还是非谓语”二、找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A、havingbeentoldBbeingtoldChehadbeentoldDthoughhewastold.Itahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.AisBtobeCbeingDitbeingEitwasFbeenCACEAnyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.Walkingalonethestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.Mostoftheartists

invitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.Sbbeconvincedof/that各种非谓语的用法非谓语的类型用法Doing主动正在进行属性、特征Done被动已完成状态Todo即将发生The

meeting

next

week

is

of

great

importance.(hold)Themeetingnowisofgreatimportance.（hold）Themeetinglastweekisofgreatimportance.（hold）TobeheldBeingheldheldPART.0606主谓一致Anyonecanmakeyousmile.Manypeoplecanmakeyoucry.Butittakessomeonereallyspecialtomakeyousmilewithtearsinyoureyes.一、整体原则①表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等的复数名词，作主语要从整体来看，谓语动词用单数。Fiftyyearsisnotalongtime.Sixtimessevenisforty-two.②非谓语动词、从句、其他短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Todo、（to）do、done、doingTo

get

up

early

and

to

go

to

sleep

earlyisgoodforhealth.【由and连接的名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，如果指同一件事或一个概念，谓语动词用单数。】Servingthepeopleisgreathappiness.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.③when和where加不定式，指同一件事时，谓语动词用单数Whenandwheretobuildnewfactoryisnotdecidedyet.二、就远原则④alongwith,with,togetherwith,aswellas,accompaniedby,ratherthan,but,except连接两个主语时，谓语动词和第一个主语保持一致。NobodybutJaneknowsthesecret.I,ratherthanyou,amresponsiblefortheaccident.三、就近原则⑤Notonly…butalso,neither…nor,either…or,not…but…,or,therebe句型，herebe连接的并列主语，谓语动词和离他最近的主语在数上保持一致。Notonlyyourfather’sfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking等One

or

perhaps

more

pages

are

missing.heIfinishe