2023-2024学年北京朝阳高三（上）期中英语试卷（含答案）

第1页/共1页2023北京朝阳高三（上）期中英语2023.11(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson’ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedveryhardforitandthusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’steaminthe1.Parentsencircledthefield,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MikeyO’Donnel.Withshoutsof“2it!”acrossthefield,Mikeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allroundmethecrowderupted.Hehad3!However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMikeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthegameinadraw.Foramomenttherewastotal5.Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.Yousee,MikeyhasDown’ssyndrome,aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.Hehad6beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonapoint.Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mikeyranovertomysonexcitedly,“Imadeit!Imadeit!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould7.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,myson8hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMikey!WaytogoMikey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMikey,joiningmysonto9himonhisgoal.Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasa10.Everybodywon.”1.A.way B.position C.lead D.back2.A.Leave B.Pick C.Throw D.Kick3.A.missed B.scored C.performed D.slipped4.A.clear B.wrong C.specific D.decisive5.A.silence B.anger C.whisper D.laughter6.A.rather B.hardly C.almost D.even7.A.admit B.react C.guess D.defend8.A.drewback B.putdown C.lookedat D.threwup9.A.congratulate B.comfort C.consult D.instruct10.A.relief B.key C.tie D.pity第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AInmyearlyyearsatschool,Ihadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan“F”andthatwouldmakeme11(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe“F”intoa“B”12(please)myparents.However,itdidn’tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthatfailureandlearnfromit,soI13(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythat“F”turnedintoa“B”andthat“B”turnedintoan“A”.BGatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets—thisis14manyyoungstersenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswanderingaroundthecityonfoot.Participantscanfollowadistinctiveurbanroute,15(explore)thecityattheirownpace.Comparedwithfamous16(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.CTechnologyisconstantlyadvancing.17weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceofdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,18thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also19(know)asaself-drivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,20(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAhearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophone,anamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaids.Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasatelecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(ITC)aidsaremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Priceisalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,estimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaidcompany’sreputationforqualityandservice.Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.C.Thespeaker.D.Thetelecoil.22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose______.A.“Mini”BTEB.In-the-earaidsC.In-the-canalaidsD.Completely-in-canalaids23.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould______.A.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.findtheonewithmorefeaturesC.giveintotheafter-saleservicesD.consideryourneedsandlifestyleBBrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He’dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes.ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheincomeintowhathecallsa“loveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcare,hotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum(专辑),realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter’srent.SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有观念)oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’” Petersonsays.“Ididn’tknowthatwouldhappen.”24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.D.Confused.25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto______.A.payforhisrentB.recordanalbumC.gotoanartschoolD.painthisportrait26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Prejudiceblocksdreams.B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefinesthecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables(clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology),andvirtualreality,they’refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,”saysOğuzÖner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyet,thiskindofindividualfeedback(反馈)aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusingafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity’slatestnoiseactionplan.Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.Asdatacollectionaboutpeople’ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarnthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance(监视)needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplacedbytrendycafes.“Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,”shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyingratherthanwelcoming.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”28.Theunderlinedphrase“blankstares”inParagraph1impliesthat______.A.MontrealislackinginvisualappealB.Montreal’snon-visualinformationisignoredC.thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanismD.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.People’sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.DInthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine(疫苗)washighlyeffective.“Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV),researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon’talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface;wedon’talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn’talwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn’tdevelopinthesamewayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewervolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumberofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it’salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedbyvaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto______.A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrialsB.introducethetopicofchallengetrialsC.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.33.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C.Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?D.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefailtoachievethem.Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.35Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(认知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideourhead.36Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.37“Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.38Still,therearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemorelikelytoforgetwhatweoffloadedifwenolongeraccessourstorage,suchaswhenoursmartphonedies.Wealsotendtooffloadtheimportantthingswemostwanttoremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantsweremorelikelytoforgettheimportantitemsandrecalltheunimportantones,thatis,themoreimportanttheintentionwewanttoremember,themorelikelywearetooffloadit—andtoforgetit.We’dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.39“Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswrong,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseorunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.“Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwehaveforgottentodosomethingandcouldhaveusedreminderstohelp.”A.Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.B.Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.C.Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.D.Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.E.Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.F.Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherwesetthem.G.Otherexpertssayit’stoosoontounderstandhowcognitiveoffloadingaffectsourbrains.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Theword“motivation”comesfromtheLatintermmotivus,“amovingcause”.Itisdescribedastheforcethatdrivesustopursueagoal,includingthedesiretocontinuepursuingmeaning,purpose,andalifeworthliving.Itfuelscompetitionandboostssocialconnection.Itsabsencecanleadtomentalillnessessuchasdepression.Peopleoftenhavemultiplemotivesforengaginginanyonebehaviour.Motivationmightbeextrinsic.Thatmeansapersonisinspiredbyoutsideforces—otherpeopleorrewards.Anythingpromisedforcompletingthetaskorreceivedasaresultofcompletingthetaskareextrinsicmotivators.Extrinsicmotivationcanincreasemotivationintheshortterm,butovertimeitmaygraduallydecrease.Motivationcanalsobeintrinsic.Intrinsicmotivationcomespurelyfromwithin,withnoexpectedreward,deadline,oroutsidepressure.Forexample,peoplewhoareintrinsicallymotivatedtorundosobecausetheylovethefeelingofrunningitself.Comparedtoextrinsicmotivation,intrinsicmotivationtendstopushpeoplemoreforcefully,andtheachievementsaremoresatisfying,sinceitisintegratedintoidentityandservesasacontinuoussourceofmotivation.Tounderstandmotivation,AbrahamMaslowintroducedtheconceptofhierarchyofneeds(需求层次)in1943.AccordingtoMaslow,humansareintrinsicallymotivatedtomeetphysicalneeds,themostfundamentalonessuchasneedsforfood.Thentheygraduallysatisfyseverallevelsofneedsfromsafety,tohigher-orderneedsforlove,belonging,andself-respect,andfinallymovetowardexpressingtheirfullpotential—self-actualization,thedesiretobecomethemostthatonecanbe.AlthoughthegeneralityofMaslow’stheoryhasbeenchallenged,manybelieveitrevealsfundamentaltruthsabouthumanmotivation.Nomatterwheremotivationbegins,therearealwayswaystoincreaseit—whetherthatbeyourownmotivationorsomeoneelse’s.Sometimesyoumightfeelcompletelyunmotivated—andthat’sOK.Inthatsituation,allowyourselftofeelthediscomfort,hearthenegativeself-talk,andthentakeactionanyway.40.Whatismotivation?41.Whyisintrinsicmotivationmorepowerful?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.➢AccordingtoMaslow,wearemotivatedbydifferentlevelsofneeds,startingatthelowestandthemostbasiclevelknownasself-actualizationneeds.43.Inwhatway(s)doyouthinkyoucangetmotivated?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校国际部交换生Jim正在策划一次“中西文化交流”活动，作为好友，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.活动形式；2.活动内容。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________