高中动词不定式

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式第一页第二页，共36页。结构

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------第二页第三页，共36页。(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)第三页第四页，共36页。1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用第四页第五页，共36页。三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表语第五页第六页，共36页。Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

第六页第七页，共36页。Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一感觉:

feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等第七页第八页，共36页。e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1>help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2>see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）第八页第九页，共36页。3>不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.第九页第十页，共36页。Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.第十页第十一页，共36页。不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系

Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系

Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。第十一页第十二页，共36页。2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。e.g.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一个房间住。e.g.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。第十二页第十三页，共36页。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗第十三页第十四页，共36页。Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语（表示目的或结果）inorderto,

soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,在一些短语中也有体现第十四页第十五页，共36页。(7).独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构第十五页第十六页，共36页。(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。

Whynothavearest?第十六页第十七页，共36页。关于不定式中的小品词to(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.第十七页第十八页，共36页。exercise第十八页第十九页，共36页。Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC第十九页第二十页，共36页。4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC第二十页第二十一页，共36页。几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事

doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．

doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．

doingsth.记得曾经做．．．第二十一页第二十二页，共36页。7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA第二十二页第二十三页，共36页。9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB第二十三页第二十四页，共36页。12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC第二十四页第二十五页，共36页。Exercise第二十五页第二十六页，共36页。1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects第二十六页第二十七页，共36页。4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why第二十七页第二十八页，共36页。7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto第二十八页第二十九页，共36页。10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented第二十九页第三十页，共36页。13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake第三十页第三十一页，共36页。1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中国人民决不会征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid__________________________.4根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported____________________Toloveandtobelovedtogivein/beconqueredtohavefinished/completedhisworktohavearrived