5年高考3年模拟-冠词课件

“五三”经典冠词冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指泛指：首次提到的，不限定的人或事物特指：上文已提到过的人或事物，或被限定性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，或说话双方心中默认的特定人或事物类指：具有共同性质或典型特征的一类人或事物专指：某一类别中的一员或一部分具体事物。最常考特指：the...表示说话人所默认的事物泛指：a/an+可数名词零冠词+不可数名词表示某个…没有指明具体事物一、冠词的类指1.the+单数名词指整个类别，以区别另一个类别e.g.

The

car

goes

faster

than

the

bike.2.a/an+单数名词侧重指此类别中任何一个的特点e.g.

A

tiger

is

a

type

of

very

large

fierce

wild

cat

that

has

yellow

fur

withblack

bands

across.3.零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词侧重指此类别中的许多个体e.g.

Farmers

are

busy

in

autumn.练习：

panda

is

one

of

the

remaining

endangered

animals

in

theworld.Mike

seldom

asks

questions

in

class.4.the+形容词/分词指某一类人或事物e.g.

the

oldthe

livingthe

youngthe

dying(现在分词）the

wounded（过去分词）5.the+复数民族词汇指某一国家的人e.g.

The

Chinese

are

hard-working.*有些民族词汇有两种复数形式，如：the

English,the

Englishmenthe

French,

the

Frenchmenthe

English，the

Englishmen都可以表类指the

Englishmen还可以表专指e.g.The

French/Frenchmen

are

romantic.（类指）The

Frenchmen

are

playing

tennis

now.（专指）练习：

use

a

knife

and

fork

in

their

meals.英国人吃饭时使用刀叉。

in

the

dining

hall

are

having

supper

now.餐厅里的英国人现在正在吃晚餐。二、不定冠词(a,an)的用法（表泛指）1.以辅音音素开头的单词前用a以元音音素开头的单词前用ane.g.

a

university a

European

caran

hour

an

X-ray

an

ugly

man练习：I

earn

10

dollars

hour

as

supermarket

cashier

onSaturdays.The

teacher

asked

us

to

write

800-word-long

composition.2.表示one,the

same,a

certain或everye.g.

I

will

return

in

a

day

or

two.

(

=

one

)They

are

of

an

age.

(

=

the

same

)A

Mr.Smith

is

waiting

for

you

outside.(=A

certain某个)I

teach

two

hours

a

day.

(

=

every

)练习：There"s

dictionary

on

desk

by

your

side.It

is

still

believed

that

graduate

from

well-known

universityis

more

likely

to

find

a

job.Believe

it

or

not,

Tom,

Jack

and

Rose

are

of

age.3.由动词转化来的不可数名词，如：

knowledge,collection,understanding后面加of短语时，前面用不定冠词a/an练习：He

has

fine

collection

of

paintings.Their

affair

is

public

knowledge.You

need

specialized

knowledge

to

do

this

job.4.与不定冠词连用的习语，如：have

a

cold;

have

a

good/happy

time;

have

a

gift

for;

have

a

word

with;

in

ahurry;

once

in

a

while;

at

a

loss;

for

a

while;

once

upon

a

time;

all

of

a

sudden;with

a

score

of;

at

a

distance;

have

a

population

of;

a

waste

of;

a

matter

of;have/take

a

rest;

have

a

holiday;

get

a

lift/ride;

go

on

a

diete.g.

This

picture

looks

beautiful

at

a

distance.Tom,

I

want

to

have

a

talk

with

you.练习：I

don"t

want

to

have

words

with

you.

I

preper

to

have

wordwith

you.

W(w)ord

came

that

the

president

would

inspect

them.The

power

supply

was

cut

off.

All

of

sudden,

the

lightswent

out.China

has

rather

larger

population

than

Canada.For

them

friendship

is

mostly

matter

of

providing

emotionalsupport

and

spending

time

together.5.不定冠词的特殊位置quite/rather+a/an(+adj)+单数名词what/such/half+a/an+单数名词so/as/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+单数名词many

a/an+单数名词not

a/an+单数名词e.g.

He

is

quite

a

kind

guy.He

is

as

great

a

man

as

ever

lived.However

clever

a

student

he

is,

he

should

follow

the

teacher"sinstruction

now.练习：What

an

interesting

book

I

have

read!

book

I

have

read!This

dress

is

twice

as

expensive

as

that

one.This

is

twice

dress

as

that

one3.

That

was

a

quite

extraordinary

experience.That

was

experience.三、定冠词(the)的用法1.用在姓氏复数前，表一家人。e.g.

The

Greens

are

at

table.The

Chens

are

going

to

move

to

Langfang.2.用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前。e.g.the

Tang

Dynastythe

Spring

and

Autumn

Period春秋时期in

the

1990"s3.用在表量度单位的名词前，表示“每一”。e.g.

I

have

hired

the

car

by

the

hour.Eggs

are

sold

by

the

dozen.练习：The

diet

is

measured

in

calories,

while

the

food

is

sold

by

pound.The

cost

of

this

product

is

calculated

by

weight.4.句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中的the不可用人称/物主代词代替。e.g.

take

sb.

by

the

armhit

sb.

in

the

face此外，句型“be+adj.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中的the也不可用人称/物主代词代替.e.g.

be

red

in

the

facebe

lame

in

the

right

legbe

blind

in

the

eye5.固定搭配e.g.

make

the

most/best

ofin

the

daytimein

the

endin

the

habit

ofnot

in

the

least

(=

not

at

all)on

the

spot练习：Many

people

are

still

in

habit

of

writing

silly

things

in

public

places.He

was

hit

by

a

falling

tree

and

killed

on

spot.6.定冠词的特殊位置：在名词词组中，定冠词一般放在最前面，但名词词组中如果有exactly,just,half,double,twice,all,both,of等修饰时，定冠词要放在这些后面。e.g.

exactly

the

same

colorjust

the

right

placehalf

the

storydouble

the

amount四、零冠词的用法1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。e.g.

Father

went

to

his

doctor

for

advice

about

his

heart

trouble.Horses

are

useful

animals练习：He

likes

to

talk

on

the

phone

while

I

prefer

writing

letters.Polar

bears

live

mostly

on

sea

ice.

W(w)ater

in

the

well

is

sweet.2.请牢记以下用零冠词的口诀：月、季、星期、节假、洲，

称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。e.g.

A

year

can

be

divided

into

four

seasons

--

spring,

summer,

autumn

andwinter.He

has

no

lessens

on

Sundays.Mr.

Li

is

chairman

of

the

meeting.（表示称呼、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语用零冠词。）3.系动词turn（变成）后面的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。e.g.

Has

he

turned

scientist?4.“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语，主句”，意为“虽然/尽管……，但是……”。e.g.

Hero

as

he

is,

he

has

some

shortcomings.练习：英译汉Young

man

as

he

is,

he

has

seen

much

of

the

world.Diligent

student

as

he

was,

he

didn"t

pass

the

exam.5.用在独立主格结构的某一形式中。e.g.

The

teacher

came

in,

book

in

hand

(

=

with

a

book

in

his

hand

/hoding

a

book

in

his

hand

/

a

book

held

in

his

hand).6.用在固定短语中。e.g.pen

and

ink（笔墨）master

and

servant（主仆）at

noon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/nightin

use/danger/publicon

second

thoughts练习：His

daughter

is

always

shy

in

public

and

she

never

dares

to

makea

speech

to

public.The

little

girl

is

very

happy,

flower

on

head.He

turned

politician

many

years

ago.五、冠词的活用1.抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可能会与a/an连用。e.g.

a

pleasure/a

failure/a

pressureHis

new

book

was

a

great

success.Oh,

John.

What

a

pleasant

surprise

you

gave

us!练习：I

didn"t

think

my

chance

of

success

were

very

good.The

gift

came

as

complete

surprise

to

me.He

expressed

surprise

that

no

one

had

offered

to

help.Of

her

plays,

there

were

successes

and

one

was

failure.2.形容词比较级前用定冠词表示“两者中较……的”，而形容词比较级前用不定冠词，表示“再/更……”。e.g.

Which

is

the

larger

country,

Canada

or

Australia?most前用定冠词表示“三者或三者以上中最……的”，most前用不定冠词，并无比较含义，most等于very。e.g.

It

is

a

most

useful

book.

(

a

very

useful

)练习：This

pair

of

shoes

is

not

fit

for

me.

Would

you

show

me

biggerpair?He

is

most

diligent

student

in

his

class.If

there

were

no

examinations,

we

should

have

much

happier

timeat

school.3.“the+序数词”表排序，“a/an+序数词”不表示排序，而表“又一、再一”；序数词修饰动词时，不必与冠词连用。e.g.

Can

you

give

me

a

second

chance?

(another

chance)He

was

only

5

years

old

when

I

first

saw

him.

(adv.)练习：He

has

failed

twice,

but

he

wants

to

have

third

try.She

is

second

of

the

ten.4.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，前面一般加定冠词，但如果此类名词有修饰成分，也可加a/an。e.g.

the

moona

full

moon练习：

sun

rises

in

east

and

sets

in

west.Everyone

needs

friendly

world.5.零冠词的用法是相对而言的，在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。用哪种冠词视情况而定。e.g.

Autumn

is

the

harvest

season.The

organization

was

founded

in

the

spring

of

(the

year)

2010.练习：

S(s)pring

follows

winter.6.高考中常见的纯不可数名词：buggage(luggage),furniture,health,weather,fun,space(太空),advice,word(=news),progress,information,news以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。e.g.

Beyond

the

stars,

the

astronaut

saw

nothing

but

space.练习：Good

job!

You"ve

made

progress.It

was

a

wonderful

time.

We

had

fun

drinking

tea.7.西洋乐器名词前往往用定冠词，但是当此类名词用作普通名词时，可以与不定冠词连用。此外，中国乐器名称前不用冠词。e.g.

play

the

piano;

play

the

violinplay

erhu（二胡）He

is

playing

a

borrowed

violin.练习：David

starts

his

day

by

playing

violin.I

have

no

money

to

buy

new

violin.8.一般情况下，不含普通名词的纯专有名词前不用冠词。e.g.

BeijingNew

York但是1）在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河前用the。e.g.

the

Changjiang

Riverthe

Hudson

Riverthe

West

lake2）在由普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。e.g.the

Great

Wallthe

Summer

Palace3）有一些地名，如果是以纯专有名词开头的，一般不用冠词，但如果是以普通名词开头的，一般用定冠词。e.g.

Beijing

Universitythe

University

of

Beijing练习：There

are

a

lot

of

lakes

in

China.

But

West

Lake

is

the

mostbeautiful

one,

I

think.

Forbidden

City

is

a

famous

place

for

foreigners

to

visit.9.有无冠词的区别。

go

to

school去上学go

to

the

school到学校去（不一定是去上学）go

to/be

at

church去做礼拜/在做礼拜go

to/be

at

the

church去/在教堂（不一定是做礼拜）go

to

bed就寝，上床睡觉go

to

the

bed向床走去，走到床前（不一定是去睡觉）go

to

sea出海（是海员）go

to

the

sea去海边（不一定是海员）be

in

hospital在住院be

in

the

hospital在医院里（不一定