国开【形考】《理工英语(1)》形考任务1-8答案

1TheareeatingIhopeyou'll2surroundings(环境)nearshopsandbusstops,nottoofarfromyourfriendsandtheNextyouwillfindagoodbuilder,andtogetherwiththebuilderyouwillworkoutaplan．Thebuilderwilldrawtheplan．Itwillshowthenumberofrooms,theirpositionandsize,andotherparts,whichmustbenoticed,suchaswindows,doors,andewillworkoutthecostofthewood,bricks,theglass,andeverythingelsethatmustbebecorrectedandrevised(修订)．Hisestimateisbasedonexistingsuchthingsmaychange,andmanyotherthingsmayhappenbetweenthetimewhenWhenthebuildergiveshisestimate,youmaywishtochangeyourplan．(Youmayalsowishtochangeyourbuilder,ifhisestimateistoohigh!)Youmayfindthatthehouseyouwantedatfirstcoststoomuch,orthatyoucanspendalittlemoreandaddsomethingtoyourplan．Thebuilder'sestimatedependsontheplan,butthefinalplandependsonthebuilder'sestimate.A．BuildingaHouseCostsMuchMoneyB．EstimateIsImportant34．WhenthebuilderstartsA．itiswronglyworkedoutbyaworkmanB．thefutureownerofthehousethinkstheestimateissohighthathecannotaffordthebuilding.C．Thepricesofbuildingmaterialsandtheexpenses(费用)oflabormaybedifferentfromtheoriginalpricesandexpensesA．TheplandependsontheestiB．Theplanhasnothingtodowiththeestimate.Thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeenonlytotheveryrich.Tosolvethisproblem,NewYorkcityplannersarechallengingtraditionandstartingtomore"microunits".B、piecesofpapersPeopleinthecityhavetofacetherealitythathousingisinshortsupply.Tosolvethisproblem,NewYorkcityplannersarechallengingtraditionandstartingtodesignmore“microunits.”Micros,alsoknownas“hostel-style”apartments,usuallyofferlessthan200square4feet(18.5squaremeters)inareA、Couldyouimaginelivingin150squarefeet(14squaremeters)?Theseunitsusuallyhaveonlyroomforabed,atablemini-fridgeandthebasiclivingessentials.Whyisthemicroapartmentsoappealing?Thereasonsareratperfectforsinglepeoplewhodon'thavealotofthings.Itcanalsomeettheneedofpeoplewhoareshortoncashbutdeterminedtoliveintheirownplaces.MicroapartmentsareverycommonincitieslikeTokyoandHongKong,wheretherearesomanypeopleliving.NowthistinyhousingsolutionisgaininggroundinurbanareasintheU.S.,andCanada.small-scalehomelifeispartofahottrendinU.S.realestate.Somepeopleareproudofit.Someofthemcanfindthehumorandfunintheirsmallplaces.Butnotevisinfavorofthetrend.Gladtomeetyou.I51.That'swhytinylittleapartmentswithabedroom,akitchenandabathroomcome3.Itcanalsomeettheneedofpeoplewhoareshortoncashbutdeterminedtolivein5.IfyoutravelaloneandwanttoknowbetterfamilylifeinBritain,you'dbetterstayC.如果你独自旅行并且想更好地了解英国的居民生活，你可以住在B&Bs。—Whichcityhaspopulation,Beijing,—Beijing,ofcourse.6——What'syourpresentjob?——1.Ithasatotallengthof49.968km,ofwhich35.578kmwillbebuiltovertheseA、4.Whilemostbridgescrossabovewater,thesunkenbridgeatFortdeRoovereintheNetherlandssinksjustbelowit.（B）MaryJohnson:Goodmorning,Mr.Liu!Howgoodtoseeyou!Haveyouhadanicejourney?Mary:MayIintroduceanoldfriendofminetoyou?TonySmithisanarchitectand7hasaspecialintereTony:Nicetoseeyou,too.Iknow,youarethedesignleaderoftheIsland&TunnelProjectoftheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.It’smyhonortomLiuHua:()Tony:Itissaidthatthebridgeisthelongestcross-seabridgeintheworld.LiuHua:Sure.Youknow,thisbridgeconnectsHongKong,ZhuhaiandMacau.Ithasatotallengthof49.968km,ofwhich35.578kmwillbebuiltoverthesea.Mary:Nowwe’llsendyoutothehotelandyoucantakearestthere.We’llhaveameetingonbridgedesigntomorrowmorning.ButtheBridgewasfirsttothepublic,almostoneyearlater,afteraseriesoftestsandevaluations.Receiverofthecard:Mr.ErvinReceiverofthecard:Mr.Ervin8branchesandwas(verymuchimpressed).Iamsureyoudeservethishonor.AndIfeel(sohappy)foryou.(Bestwishes)forThewallsfunctionlikeadamtokeepthewaterandthestructureliesnaturallywithinitssurroundings,remaininginvisiblefromadistance.——Youknow,thisbridgeHongKong,ZhuhaiandMacau.——Haveyouhadanicejourney?————London'sRiverThameshastwenty-sevenbridges.ButTowerBridge,thefirstbridgeovertheThamesasyoutraveltoLondonfromthesea,isthemostfamouWhatmakesTowerBridgesoexciting?Whydovisitorscomef9ThethingthatissurprisingaboutthistoletthebigshipsthroughtothePoolofLondon.IfyouareluckyenoughtoseethebridgewithitstwoOnitsnorthsidestandstheTowerofLondonitself.Althoughtheylookthesameage,itwasbuiltinthe1890s.By1850,everyoneagreedthatabridgeacrosstheThamesneartheTowerwasmostnecessary.Butthedesignersarguedaboutthenewbridgeforanotherthirtyyears.Thistookso——Thanksforalltheinformation,Peter.Itsound——ButtheBridgewasfirsttothepublic,almostoneyearlater,afteraseriesoftestsandevaluations.Oneofthemasterpiecesofmodernarchitecture,thefantasticHangzhouBayBridgehasbeenopenedtothepublicsinceMay2008.TheBridgeisanS-shapedstayed-cablebridgewithsixlanesinbothdirectionsandisItisthelongestsea-crossingbridgeintheworld-36kilometers(22miles)long.ThisfantasticbridgecrossingtheHangzhouBayisexpectedtohavea100-yearlifespan,andhasapricetagof11.8billionyuan(US$1.70biThetollfeeis80yuanpervehicle.Asthebridgehassixlanesinbothdirections,youcanbequitesurethatyouwillhaveasmoothride.Thespeedlimitis100kilometeexpertsspentnineyearsondesigningtheHangzhouBayBridge.ChiefCommanderopeningceremonywasheldon26thJune.ButtheBridgewasfirstopentothepublic,1.ThefantasticHangzhouBayBridgehasbeenopenedtothepublicsinceMay2010.2.Itisthelongestsea-crossingbridgeintheworld-33.Thetollfeeis100yuanpervehicle.（V）1We’dbepleasedifyoucouldjoinusfordinner.whynotdineouttogetherandgotothemovies?WouldyoucaretojoB、OK,thankyou.attractsthosecreativekids.I’dlovetoPeoplewhodonothavewoodmustspendlargeamountsofmoneycookingItiscalledsolarcooker,anewlydesignedcookingdeviceandtherearemanykindsofsolarcookers.Nickajobinabank,buttooursurprisMillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcooktheirfoodoverasmokyfireeveryday.Itisoftendifficulttofindwoodforthefire.PeoplewhodonothavewoodmustspendSolarovensconsistofasystemofreflectorsandacookingpot.Therestisuptoyourtheirfoodbyburningwoodorevencowdung,causingbreathingproblemsandseverepollutioninsomeregions.dozensofmodels.ButnoneofthemhavecaughtonimportantlyforuseintheproductionofpracticalsolarcookerswithinayearandahalfanditcanstoreenoughPeoplewhodonothavewoodmustHenry:Yeah!Ijustboughtasolarcookerlastmonth.It’sanewdevicethatusessolarB、Wow!Howamazing,Ican’twaitforit!3.Iameagertoseethisnewdevice.（A4.PeoplewhodonothavewoodmustspendlargeamountsofmoneyoncWhenDr.RobertMetcalffirstusedasolarcooker,thefuturechangedformillionsofAfricans.Heknewthatbillionsofpoorpeoplearoundtheworlddependontheuseofwoodforcooking.Astheytakemoreandmorefirewoodfromwildareas.Theyaredestroyinghabitatsaroundthcookedmeal,hehashelpedpeoplearoundtheworldtousesimplenewtechnologiestocooktheirfood.EachmorninginvillagesacrossEastAfrica,smallchildrenandtheirmotherswakeupandwalkseveralmilestocollectfirewoodtocookandtheheavyfirewoodtheycarrcookerstomillionsoffamilies.Tofindwater,womenandchildriverbedsortogatherwaterfrTheyfilltheirbuckets（桶）andcarrythemhomeontheirheads.ThebucketsoftenpollutedwithDr.Metcalfandothersdevelopedasimple，reusabPasteurizationIndicator”.ThepasteurizationprocessisnamedafterLouisPasteur，whodevelopeditinthe1800s.B、Doyoumindtellingmewhereyou’refrom?Oh,thatmuseumwastheoldBeiThetrainjustthreeweekscompleteajourneythatsixweeksbyC、spent…on；takesintoYes,that’sagoodideA、B、CanyoutellmehowtogetI’dliketohavesomebigjourneyforthousandsoftravelers.Travelerstheefficientnetwork,andfindthattheirhometownsarenotthatfaraway.hasbeeninoperationforafewyears.Itcutstraveltimebetweenthetwocitiesfrom22hourstoonly8hours.Withcomfortableseatsandquietcabins,thishig-peedlineoffersapleasantjourneyforthousandsoftravelers.ThehighspeedrailwayconnectsBeijingwithfiveprovincialcapitals.Partoftheline,fromZhengzhoutoGuangzhou,wasinoperationbeforethewholelinewascoversatotallengthof2,298kilometerTheBeijing-GuangzhoulineconnectsonethirdofChina’spopulationandmorethan40percentofitseconomicpower.Travelersbenefitfromtheefficientnetwork,andAstheAmericanpublicationNewsweekputsit:Chinaisnowengagedina“railwayrevolution”.These350kilometerperhourhigh-speedrailwaytrainshavemadethe1.Theworld’slongesthigh-speedrailwayroute,runningfromBeijingtoGuangzhou,3.TheopeningoftheBeijingtoZhengzhouthan40percentofitseconomicpower.(V)vastterritory“considerablysmaller”,andchangedtheWang：That’sreallycool!I’malwaysdreamingofgoingtoBeijing,seeingfamousplaceswithuniquebuildinLi:(A).Wang:Oh,thatmuseumwastheoldBeijingRailwChina’srailwaydevelopment.(DWang：Ok,thencountmein.Areyoutakingahigh-speedrailway?High-speedrailisatypeofrailtransportthatoperadedicatedtracks.Whilethereisnosinglestandardthatappliesworldwide,newlinesinexcessof250km/hrandexistinglinesinexcessof200km/hrarewidelythatincorporatesaUzbekistan.OnlyinEuropedoesHSRcrossinternationalborders.Chinahas16,000kmofHSR,accountingfor60percentoftheworld’stotal.Whilehigh-speedrailis3.WhendidthefirstsuchsystemwidelyknownasthebullettrainbeginoperationsinJapan?（C）2.Someofherpictureswereshowninanartexhibition(展览会)inShanghaiwhenA、她的一些画就在上海的一个艺术展览会上展出。3.Sincetheearthlookslikeaball,thesuncan5.It’sveryimportanttomaintainyourcurrentweightthroughexerciseandhealthyA、非常重要的通过锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重。C、通过锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重是非常重要B、Oh,I’llbehavinganinterviewthattime.Howabout3o’clockintheafternoon?A、Itdoesn’tmatter.MyagendaisquitefullforthewhA、yougotoInlearningaforeignlanguage,oneshouldfirstpayattentionspeaking.2Jamiewantstospeaktomeprivate.Ourcompanyisoneoftheleadingcompaniesintheelectriccarindustry.Iamsureyouwillbeproudofbeingamemberofourcompany.Itisalways(E)tokeepWorkhard,notonlyforourcompanybutalsoforyourself.That’stheonlywayforCarsareanimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.Withoutacarmostpeoplefeelthattheyarepoor.Andevenifapersonispoorhedoesn'tfeelreallypoorwhenheHenryFordwasthemanwhofirststartedmakingcarsinlargenumbers.Heprobablydidn'tknowhowmuchthecarwasgoingtoaffectAmericanculture.ThecarmadetheTherearethreemainreasonswhythecarbecomessopopularintheUnitedStates.Firstofall,thecountryisahugeoneandAmericansliketomovearoundinit.Thecarprovidesthemostcomfortableandcheapestformoftransportation.Withacarpeopledevelopedanefficientandinexpensiveformofpublictransportation.Long-distanceworld.Nowadaysthereisagoodsystemofair-serviceprovidedbyplanes.Butitisindependenceiswhatreallymadecarspopular.Americansdon'tliketowaitforabus,oratrainorevenaplane.Theydon'tliketohavetofollowanexactschedule.AcarAmericanswantmosttohave.ThegasshortagehascausedabigproblemforAmericans.Buttheanswerwillnotbeabiggersystemofpublictransportation.Therealsolutionwillhavetobeanewkindofcar,onethatdoesA．spendalotofmoneytravelin2.Whichofthefollowingstatements4.“Anationonwheels”inthesecondparagraphmeansthat(B).B．theUnitedStatesproducesmostofthecarInrecentyears,theChineseautoindustryhasseenrapidgrowth,withthedemandonprivatecarsrisingsharplyinChinesecitiessince2002.By2009,ChinahasreplacedtheU.S.tobecometheworld’slargestautomarket.Asanimportantpartoftheworldcarindustry,theglobalautoindustrywillshiftfurtherCurrently,boththedevelopmentofChina’sautomarketandthechangesinconsumerdemandforvehiclesareever-increasing.China’sautoindustrywillcontinuetogrowinthenextdecade.Itmeansthereisstillhugeroomforitsdevelopment.Chinahasanmarketintheruralareas.Hence,thereisnodoubtforChina’sdevelopmentofautoattentiontotheChinesemarket.2.Chinahasbecome3.China’sautoind4.Chinahasanurbanpopulationoflessthan600million.(X)CarcrashesarethetopkillerofAmericanteenagers.Mostofthecrashesresultfromdistracteddriving—notpayingattentiontotheroad.RyanDidonewasafifteen-year-oldpassengerinacarthathitatree.Hewasoneofthenation'smorethanthirtythousandvictimsoftrafficcrashesin2008.Nearlyfourthousanddeaths,abouttwelvepercinexperienced,immaturedriverdrivingatnightwithacarloadofkids.Hetheirfamiliesaboutdistracteddriving.freachingforitislikedrinkingfourbeersanddriving."Ifyou'retextingwhiledriving,isn't."Governmentandprivategroupsareusingpublicserviceannouncementsandeventstobringmoreattentiontotheproblem.Forexample,theinsuranceindustryrecentlyheldavoidedlarge,inflatabledollsthrowninfrontofthecartorepresentchildren.Healsoavoidedorangeconesrepresentingtheedgeoftheroad.Then,aspartofthetest,hestartedtexting.Hehitseveralconesandatleastonedoll."That'swhatreallyopeneduptheexperienceformetoprovehowbaditistoreallytextanddrive."DebbiePickfordofAllstateInsurancesaysteensareespeciallyatriskfromdistracteddriving—andnotjustbecausetheylackexperienceontheroads."Accordingtotheresearch,teensdon'treallyhavefullydevelopedbrainsuntilthey’retwenty-fiveyearsold.Youputthosetwothingstogetherandyougetamuch,muchhigherrisk."Anewwithrestrictionslikeonnightdrivingandnumbersofpassengers.Theycouldnotgetafulldriver'slicenseuntilageeighteen.A、driverswhoresultedinnearly4,000deathsare3.AsafetyeventheB．drawenoughattentiontoteenagC．measurestobetaken5.Ofallthefollowing,whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?(B)——A:arethemostpopularthingspeoplebuyonline?——Imeanthebestwayisusingyourownmobilephoneorcomputertooperateit.CleanerheatingsystemwillIsupposeyouknowe—A:arethemostpopularthingspeoplebuyonline?— —MissLiudoesn'tmindCleanerheatingsystemwillinBeijingtocontrolairpollution.Fordays,smogpersistedinmanyareas.Chinaistocontrolairpollution.ThereisnodoubtHerbertisthemD.UselesselectricityE.RaisinganysortoflivestoMan-madeairpollutionmainlycomesfromtwosources:mobileonesandstationaryfactories,powerplantsandeveryhousehold,whichburnsnaturalgasorwood.Themostimportantways（C）aretodriveless,uselesselectricityandnaturalgas,walk,cycle,carpool,orusepublictransportation.Buyfuel-efficientvehicles.Driveat60mphorlesstoimprovegasdioxidethansimplygrowingcrootherpollutants.Unplugtelevisions,cellphonechargers,andotherapplianceswhilenotinuse.Mostdevicescontinuetousesmallamountsofpowerevenwhenthey’returnedoff.Avoidusingairconditioning,anddon’tleavethefridgeopenanylongerPeopleandairpollutionareofteninthesameplaces.Thismeansthadifferentthings.Amajorkindofairpollutionisthegasfromcars.Statistics(统计资料)showthat93percentofallautotripsarewithincities.Anothermajorkindofdirtyairistheneededtomakeelectricity.Ofcourse,muchmoreelectricityisusedinthecitythaninOntheaverage,wethrowawaymorerubbishthantheyearbefore.Theburningofrubbishmakesairpollutionevenworse.Manymajorindustriesarealsoresponsibleforthedirtyairinthearoundcities.Thefumes(烟)fromiron,steel,chemical,andpetrolproductionaddparticles微(粒Theeffectsofairpollutionrangefrommildheadachestodeath.ThelevelsofpollutionfoundinheavytrafficmaycauseheadachesforlossofclearWherevercoalandoilareusedforfuel,fumesmaykilltreesandplantsandcausemetaltocorrode(腐蚀).Insomeofthelargercities,thesefumesendangerthelivesofhumanbeingsbycontributingtolungdiseasesandcausingearlydeath.1.Thekeypointofthepassage.A．thecauseofairpollutionB．thecausesandtheeffectsofairC．Becausetherearemuchmoregasf.Manythanksforyour[](友好和热情)during[](我方代表团)recentvisittoyourItwasniceofyoutointroduceustosomefamousprofessorsandcelebratedscholarsMeanwhile,Ihopeyouwillsomedaypayavisittoouruniversityandgiveusmore———Imeanthebestwayisusingyourownmobilephoneorcomputertooperateit.Nowtellme,howcanyouseparateyourselftheotherperson?ThePrizeinEconomicsin1968,thatis,morethanhalfacenturyago.—A:arethemostpopularthingspeoplebuyonline?Heabo—ThePrizeinEconomicsin1968,thatis,morethanhalfacenturyago. youbusywiththeSinglesDay?Heabookwhenthetelephonerang.YoucanasktheseexpertsSeparatepasswordsforeveryaccountmake__difficultforcybercriminalstohack—Susan,whatdoyouthinkofmyplan?—A、It’spleasant.——Oh,no,Franklyspeaking,Iseldomdoonlineshopping.Ineedis115208.（E）,Ilikethewhitecolor.Itwouldbegreatifcouldofferanebook,youmusthaveanEbookReader,whichisakindoffreesoftwareusedbyyourcomputer.MakesureyodownloadyourebookfromtheInternet.Thesoftwareallowsyoutoturnthewordsonthescreenintothesizeyoulike.ItalsohelpsyouturnpagesandchangeyoYoucandownloadthemtoanycomputersandcreateyourownlibraryofhundredsofwhenyoutravel.Someebooksareeveninteractive!Bestofall,whenyouorderandownloadyourebookdependsonthespeedofyourconnectionandthesizeofyour3WhenafewcollegestudentsjokinglydeclaredNov.11aNationalSinglesDayinthe90sinChina,theywouldneverbeabletoimaginethattheywerecreatingthebiggestonlineshoppingspreeintheworld.Itstartedasawayforyoungpeopletomakefunrestaurantsandkaraokerooms.Theychose11/11because1istheloneliestnumber,In2009,onlineretailgiantAlibabaannounceditwouldbesellingeverythingathalfwomen,andindeedmarriedpeople,too,toenjoythehugediscountsinonlineshoppingontheSinglesDay.Overthelastfewyears,Alibaba,JDandotherChineseIn2014,AlibabaGroupscored$5.71billiononNovember11,settinganewrecordforthee-commercegiantsinceitstartedtheSinglesDaysalesfiveyearsago.Thatwasmuchhigherthanthecombined$3.7billiononlinesalesofThanksgivingDay,2.SomecompanieslikeAlibabaexpandedtheirtwodaysdiscountsandsalesgrew4.ThanksgivingDayhasgotthebestsellingOfallthewebsites,onethathasattractedattentionrecentlyismy.Mostofthisattentionhascomefromthehacksisindeedatoughreality,shuttingdownthesiteisnottheanswer.Ifmyshutdown,anothersitewouldplace.Therefore,therightwayistoteachteenshowtousethesitesafelyandeducatethem.Oneofthegoodwayistochangetheprivacyseactuallyposttheirhomeandschooladdresses,dateofbirth,andsoon,oftenpredatorsknowexactlywheretheywillbeThemostinformationthatissafeisyourfirstnameAnotherbigproblemisphotos.Isuggestskippingphotosandneveafriendonlinewithouthisorherhowwellyouthinkyouknowthisperson.Therearenoguaranteesthattheyhavetoldthetruth.1.Mostofthisattentionhascomefromthehacksisindeedatoughreality,shutting2.Oneofthegoodwayistochangetheprivacysettingonyourprofileto“private”actuallyposttheirhomeandscho3.Ifmyshutdown,anothersitewouldplace.Therefore,therightwayistoteachteenshowtousethesitesafelyandeducatethem.(V)4.Anotherbigproblemisphotos.Isuggestskippingphotosandpostingaphotoofafriendonlinewithouthisorherhowwellyouthinkyouknowthis2.Useoftheoverchargeonyouraccountandwehavecontactedthestoreonyourbehalfandareawaiting—Excuseme,canyoutellmewherethenearestbusstopis?C、amastrangerhere（正确答案）Itiseasytogetthesoftwareweneedthemarketissmall. theweatherimproves,wewiWemustfindawaytocutpricesreducingourprofitstoomuch.—Forgottensomething?Icankeepaneyeonyourkidsifyouwanttogoandgetit.—Excuseme,canyoutellmewherethenearestbusstopis?B、amastrangerhere（正确答案）—WouldyoulikeaglassofwinWesupporttheviewthatpooC、breakupHisparentsarepreseFillintheblanksofthefollowingletterwithgivensentencesinthebox.（A）,mobilephonesarebeingmoreandmorewidelyused.It'ssmallinsize,