考研《英语一》2023年山西省吕梁地区高分冲刺试题含解析

考研《英语一》2023年山西省吕梁地区高分冲刺试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Duringthewar,myhusbandwasstationedatanarmycampinadesertinCalifornia.Iwenttolivethereinordertobe1him.Ihatedtheplace.Ihadnever2beensounhappy.Myhusbandwasorderedoutonalong-termduty,andIwasleftinatinyshack(棚屋)alone.Theheatwas3—almost125°Fevenintheshadeofacactus(仙人掌).4asoultotalkto.Thewindblewnon-stop,andallthefoodIate,andtheveryairIbreathed,were5withsand,sand,sand!IwassosorryformyselfthatIwrotetomyparents.ItoldthemIwas6andcomingbackhome.IsaidIcouldn’tstanditoneminutelonger.I7beinprison!Myfatheransweredmy8withjusttwolines—twolinesthatwillalwayssinginmy9—twolinesthatcompletelychangedmylife:Twomenlookedoutfromprisonbars,Onesawthemud,theothersawthestars.Ireadthosetwolines10.Iwasashamedofmyself.ImadeupmymindIwouldfindoutwhatwasgoodinmypresent11;Iwouldlookforthestars.Imadefriendswiththenatives,andtheir12amazedme.Theygavemepresentsoftheirfavoriteartworkswhichtheyhad13toselltotourists.Istudiedthedelightfulformsofthecactus.Iwatchedforthedesertsunsets,and14forseashellsthathadbeenlefttheremillionsofyearsagowhenthesandsofthedeserthadbeenanocean15.Whatbroughtaboutthis16changeinme?Thedeserthadn’tchanged,17Ihad.Ihadchangedmy18.Andbydoingso,Ichangedanunhappyexperienceintothemostamazing19ofmylife.IwasexcitedbythisnewworldthatIhaddiscovered.Ihadlookedoutofmyself-createdprisonand20thestars.1、A．off B．behind C．near D．beyond2、A．before B．already C．then D．still3、A．inflexible B．incomprehensible C．uncontrollable D．unbearable4、A．Only B．No C．Many D．Such5、A．covered B．filled C．buried D．charged6、A．catchingup B．keepingup C．givingup D．gettingup7、A．oughtto B．mightwell C．wouldrather D．hadbetter8、A．request B．call C．question D．letter9、A．comparison B．imagination C．consideration D．memory10、A．overandover B．byandby C．upanddown D．nowandthen11、A．company B．occupation C．situation D．relationship12、A．movement B．reaction C．guidance D．purpose13、A．refused B．failed C．managed D．happened14、A．asked B．hunted C．waited D．headed15、A．floor B．surface C．rock D．level16、A．shocking B．challenging C．puzzling D．astonishing17、A．as B．but C．for D．or18、A．attitude B．principle C．identity D．standard19、A．vacation B．operation C．affair D．adventure20、A．sought B．counted C．found D．reachedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Toerrishuman.Societyissufferingfromaninabilitytoacknowledgeasmuch.Forindividuals,errorsarepainful.Thetrick,then,istoerrwell:torecognizemistakesandlearnfromthem.Worryingly,humanitymaybegettingworseatadmittingitsmistakes.Fewenjoythefeelingofbeingcaughtoutinanerror.Butrealtroublestartswhenthedesiretoavoidapunishmentleadstoarefusaltodealwithcontraryevidence.Economistsoftenassumethatpeoplearesensible.Whenfacedwithanewfact,thesepeopleshouldupdatetheirviewoftheworldtotakebetterdecisionsinfuture.Yetyearsofeconomicresearchconfirmsthatpeoplefrequentlydisregardinformationthatconflictswiththeirviewoftheworld.Whyshouldthatbe?LastyearRolandBenabou,ofPrinceton,presentedaframeworkforthinkingabouttheproblem.Inmanyways,beliefsarelikeothereconomicgoods.Peoplespendtimeandresourcesbuildingthem,andgetvaluefromthem:somebeliefsmakeownersfeelgoodandshowtheirpublicidentity;otherbeliefsprovidevaluebyshapingbehavior—forexample,religiousasceticism(禁欲主义)canhelponeavoidunhealthyhabits.Becausebeliefs,however,arenotsimplytoolsformakinggooddecisions,butaretreasuredintheirownright,newinformationthatchallengesthemisunwelcome.Peopleoftenengagein“motivatedreasoning”tomanagesuchchallenges.MrBenabouclassifiesthisintothreecategories.“Strategicignorance”iswhenabelieveravoidsinformationofferingconflictingevidence.In“realitydenial”，troublingevidenceisrationalized(合理化)：realestateinvestorsmightmakeupfancifultheoriesforwhypricesshouldbehaveunusually,andsupportersofadisgracedpoliticianmightclaimthenegativenewstobefake.Andlastly,in“self­signalling”，thebelievercreateshisowntoolstointerpretthefactsinthewayhewants:anunhealthyperson,forexample,mightdecidethatgoingforadailyrunprovesheiswell.“Motivatedreasoning”isacognitivebias(偏见).Notalltheerrorsitleadstoarecostly:praisingtheperformanceofone'ssupportedfootballteamdespitecontradictoryevidencedoeslittleharm.Butwhenbiasesarebroadlyshared—withinfinancialworldorpoliticalparties—dangerarises.Motivatedreasoninghelpsexplainwhyviewpointspolarize(两极分化)evenasinformationismoreeasilyavailablethaneverbefore.WorkbyMrBenabousuggeststhatgroupthinkishighestwhenpeoplewithingroupsfaceasharedfate:whenchoosingtobreakfromagroupisunlikelytospareanindividualthecostsofthegroup'serrorsorbringmuchindividualbenefit.Theincentive(动力)toengageinmotivatedreasoningishighasaresult.Evenasthefactonaparticularissueisobvious,partiescanstillbecomeincreasinglypolarized.That,inturn,canmakeitharderstillforamemberofonepartytogetanybenefitfrombreakingfromagroup.Indeed,thegrouphasanincentivetosilenceindependentvoices.Publicstatementsofregretareriskyinarigidlypolarizedworld.Admissionsoferrorcannotonlyannoypartnersbutalsoprovideopportunitiesforopponents.Butitisrarelyintheinterestofthoseintherighttopretendthattheyareneverwrong.1、Accordingtothepassage,beliefsaresimilartoeconomicgoodsinthat________．A．bothareentertainingandvaluableB．bothcanbeshapedbyreligiousfaithC．bothcanreflectwhotheownersareD．bothpromotereligiousdevelopment2、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“self­signalling”？A．Afanspeakshighlyofhisteamalthoughithasjustlostthegame.B．Amancovershisearswhenstealingabell,believingthebellwon'tring.C．SupportersofTrumpbelievethenewsabouthisaffairswithaladyisfake.D．SuspectedAIDScarriersrefusetobetestedthoughitcanbedoneforfree.3、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs6and7?A．Polarizationcausesindividualstobreakfromthegroup.B．Richersourcesofinformationdecreasemotivatedreasoning.C．Individualswithindependentvoicesaredismissedfromthegroup.D．Individualsinagroupengageinmotivatedreasoningfortheirowninterests.4、Whichofthefollowingopinionsmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Denyingerrorsisunavoidable.B．Failuretoadmiterrorsisharmful.C．Humansaregettingbetteraterringwell.D．Wisepeopleignorecontraryworldviews.Text2Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass.“Youcouldwinprizes,”ourteachertoldusasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard.Shepassedoutsheetsofconstructionpaperwhilecontinuing,“Thefirstprizeistendollars.Youjusthavetomakesurethatthewordsontheblackboardappearsomewhereonyourposter.”Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredup

ourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.Wehadplansforthatten-dollargrandprize,eachandeveryoneofus.I’mgoingtospendmineoncandies,onehopefulwouldannounce,whileanotherpracticedlookingserious,wiseandrich.Everyoneintheclassmadeaposter.Someofususedpartsofthosefancypapernapkins,whileothersusednothingbutcoloredconstructionpaper.Someofususedbigdesigns,andsomeofuspreferredtogatherourarttidilydowninonecornerofourposterandletthespacedrawtheviewer’sattentiontoit.Someofuswouldwanderpastthegoodstudents’desksandthenreturntoourownprojectswithagrowingsenseofhopelessness.Itwasyetanothergrown-uptrickofthesorttheyseemedespeciallyfondof,makingallofusbelievewehadafairchance,andthenalways—always—rewardingthesameoldwinners.IbelieveIdrewasailboat,butIcan’tsaythatwithanycertainty.Imadeit.Iadmiredit.IdeterminedittobetheverybestofallofthepostersIhadseen，andthenIturneditin.Minutespassed.Noonecamealongtogivemethegrandprize,andthensomeonedistractedme,andIprobablyneverwouldhavethoughtaboutthatposteragain.Iwasstillsittingatmydesk,thinking,Whatposter?whentheteachergavemeanenvelopewithaten-dollarbillinitandeveryoneintheclassapplaudedforme.1、Whatwastheteacher’srequirementfortheposter?A．Itmustappearintime.B．Itmustbedoneinclass.C．Itmustbedoneonaconstructionsheet.D．Itmustincludethewordsontheblackboard.2、TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A．formedanideaforB．madeanoutlineforC．madesomespaceforD．chosesomecolorsfor3、Aftertheteacher’swords,allthestudentsintheclass________.A．lookedveryseriousB．thoughttheywouldberichC．begantothinkabouttheirdesignsD．begantoplaygames4、Afterseeingthegoodstudents’designs,somestudents________.A．lovedtheirowndesignsmoreB．thoughttheyhadafairchanceC．puttheirowndesignsinacornerD．thoughttheywouldnotwintheprize5、Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor________.A．enjoyedgrownuptricksverymuchB．lovedpostercompetitionsverymuchC．feltsurprisedtowinthecompetitionD．becamewiseandrichafterthecompetitionText3GetInvolved!MakeaDonation!Sowhatisrewilding?Imagineournaturalhomesgrowinginsteadofshrinking.Imaginespecies(物种)diversifyinginsteadofdeclining.That'srewilding.Rewildingisecologicalrestoration.Rewildingoffershopeforwildlife,humansandtheplanet.Whyisrewildingimportantandnecessary?●Ournaturalecologyisbroken.Theplaceswhereyouwouldexpectwildlifetoexisthavebeenreducedtowetdeserts.Theseabedhasbeendestroyedandtherehavebeennolivingcreaturesanymore.●Ourwildlifeisdisappearing.Manywonderfulspecieshavedeclinedoverthepastcentury.We'velostmoreofourlargeanimalsthananyEuropeancountry.●Weneedkeystonespecies.Thesevitalspecies,includingtoppredators(食肉动物),driveecologicalprocesses.Theirlosshasworsenedourlivingsystems.●Naturelooksafterus.Goodnaturalecologycanprovideuswithcleanairandwater,preventfloodingandstorecarbon.Rewildingcanleavetheworldinabetterstatethanitistoday.Whatarechallenges?Asalong-termproject,our“rewildingbritain”hasitschallenges.Manypeoplearenotinterested,becausewehavegotusedtothelackofnativeforests.Manyfarmersopposetheidea.Theythoughtitacrazyideatobringbackpredatorsbecausetheywouldstartkillingfarmanimals.Ittakestimetoeducatethem.Aboveall,weneedmoney!Soweneedyourhelp!Makeadonation.Helpusbringbacklivingsystemsandrestorewildnature!Withyourhelpwecan...●Openupnewchancesforrewildingandpushforchange.●Developtoolstoeducate,influenceandspreadtheword.Thanksforyoursupport.1、Whichofthefollowingistheresultofrewilding?A．Speciesbecomevarious. B．Alotofanimalsdisappear.C．Environmentsaredestroyed. D．Naturaldisastershappenregularly.2、Accordingtothepassage,oneofthechallengesatpresentis_______.A．people'sdoubts B．alackofvolunteersC．ashortageoftime D．farmers'disagreement3、Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceanewproject.B．Tocallonpeopletogivemoney.C．Towarnpeopleofthenaturalecology.D．Toconvincepeopletochangetheirmind.Text4Englandcontinuestobeoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsintheworld.Londoninparticularisoneofthemostvisitedcitiesanddrawspeopleinwithitsappeal,history,andpubs.England’ssmallercities,likeBathandOxford,areequallyasattractivewithalotofcultureandfewercrowds.Liverpool,birthplaceofTheBeatles,hasarichmusicalhistory.Thecountrysidehaswonderfulnaturalbeauty.HerearesometipsontravelinginEngland.Freemuseums—PublicmuseumsofferfreeadmissionineverycitythroughoutEnglandandtheUK.It’sagreatwaytolearnaboutthecountry’smostinfluentialartistsandhistory,andspendarainydaywithoutpayingacent.Bookearly—Bookalltransportationwellinadvance,evenifyoudon’tplantouseit.Farescanbearound￡2withalittleplanning.TheMegabusnotonlyrunsbusesbutalsoprovidestrainsthroughoutEnglandandisthebestchoiceforcheaptravelthroughoutthecountry.Pubfood—EatinginEnglandcanbequiteexpensive,butforgoodcheapandfillingmeals,visitthelocalpubs,whereyoucangetagoodmealforlessthan￡10.Besides,thepubsareagreatwaytomeetpeople!GetaTasteofUKcard—TheTasteoftheUKcardoffersupto1%offatselectedrestaurants.Youdon’tneedtobeanEnglishtogetthecard,andyouneedn’tpaythefirstmonth’smembershipfee,whichisperfectformosttravelers.Takeafreewalkingtour—ManymajorcitiesinEnglandofferfreewalkingtours.Theyusuallylastafewhoursandareagreatwaytoseethecity.1、ComparedwithLondon,Oxfordis.A．moreappealingB．lesscrowdedC．largerinsizeD．richerinhistory2、Whyiseatinginlocalpubssuggested?A．Thepriceoffoodislowthere.B．Thechanceofmeetingstarsishighthere.C．Theserviceisexcellentthere.D．Thediningatmosphereisperfectthere.3、Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?A．AllmuseumsintheUKarefreeofcharge.B．ThebestwaytotravelaroundEnglandisbybus.C．FreewalkingtoursareavailableinonlysomecitiesinEngland.D．HoldersoftheTasteofUKcardcanenjoydiscountsatallrestaurants.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)1．theoldsayinggoesamongthenorthernersinChina:"Chinesecabbageisbetterthanany2．vegetables"Aswintercomes,Dabaicai,orChinesecabbage,canbeseenpiledupinthesidewalksinBeijing3．(store)upcabbagebeforethecoldweatherisanannualtraditionforthenortherners,4．(especial)afterthey’veexperiencedthehungrywintersofthe12sand1960sDabaicaiisnotonlycheap,butalsohasagreattasteintheir5．(memory)WangRuimei,asellerofChinesecabbage,sellsover5,000kiloseachday"BeijingersstillmissthetasteWesellat6．(little)50,000kilosofChinesecabbageeveryyear”shesaidAlthoughtheprice7．(increase)almost10timesovertheyears,peoplestilllineup8．(buy)it"ChinesewintercabbageissweeterthanothercabbagesThe9．(long)youstore,thesweeteritwillbe"WangsaidChinesecabbagecanbecooked10．differentways--cabbagedumplings,cabbageandbeancurdsoup,steamedcabbage,cabbageinsoursauceandsoonIhavebeentomanyplacesasanewsreporterInIndia,Ivisitedacitywherethereweremany1．(home)childrenSomewereasyoungasfouryearsoldTheylivedinthestreets2．survivedbybeggingorstealingButthenawonderfullady3．(call)RosaopenedahomeforthemWithinoneyear,shewaslookingaftertwohundredchildrenSheclothedthem,fedthemandtaughtthemShegavethemhopeSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Nowlet’sdiscusssomethingaboutpeople’shabits.1、Someofthemaregoodones,butsomeofthemmaybebadones.Canyourememberanyofthebadhabitsyouusedtohavewhenyouwereveryyoung?2、Ofcourse,youdonotdothatanymore,butyoucansurelyrememberyourmotherseffortstotrainyou.Thegoodhabitsyounowhaveinsuchmattersaspersonalcleanlinesswerepartofthisearlytraining.Wemaynotsuckourthumbsanymore,butaswegetolderwegetotherbadhabits.3、Anyonewhohastriedtogiveupsmokingknowsthisverywell!4、Inbabyhood,it’sthumbsucking,Inchildhood,it’snail-biting.Inourteens,it’ssmoking,5、Andifanyonetellsyouthathehasnobadhabits,youcanbesurethathemusthavetheworsthabitofall.Isn’tthattrue?A．Wecan’tgivethemupeasily,either.BEachperiodbringsitsownproblems.C．Generallyspeaking,aboylikesbitingnails.D．Everyonehashisorherownhabits.E.Webenefitfromourfriends,kindhelp.F.Inmiddle-age,it’sover-eating,andsoon.G.Perhaps,asababy,youusedtosuckyourthumb(拇指).校创业俱乐部成员Bob、Olga、Scott、Ann和David正筹划在同学中开展“青少年创业”的宣传活动。请根据他们各自的兴趣（61~65），阅读下面某杂志上6位青少年企业家的简介（A、B、C、D、E和F），为他们选定最佳的宣传案例，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。1、Bob:Howtomakeuseofpart-timejobexperiencetosecureapositioninabigcompany?2、Olga:Howtotakeadvantageoffamilytraditionandbuildanewbrand?3、Scott:Howtodiscovermarketneedsandbuildanonlinebusiness?4、Ann:Howtorunabusinessbasedoncreativityandinventions?5、David:Howtostartasmallbusinessbasedonspecialskills?A

B

JamesMurrayWellsfoundedGlassesDirect,whichisnowthebiggestonlinesellerofeyeglassesintheworld.Itsellsapairofframeseveryfewminutesandemploys70peopleinitstwooffices.

ThisEnglishentrepreneurwasstillincollegewhenhesawagreatbusinessopportunity.HesawthattherewasnoUKonlineshopsellingeyeglasses.Heusedhiscollegeloanmoneytostartjustsuchabusinessanditwassuccessfulenoughtoearnover$1millionduringitsfirstyearinoperation.

RichieStachowski,11,ofMoraga,Calif.,wentdivingwithhisdadduringavacationinHawaii.Richiewasdisappointedhecouldnottalkunderwateraboutthemanycolorfulandamazingthingshesaw.

WhenRichiegothome,hestartedworkontheequipmentthatwouldallowhimtotalkunderwater.Hisinvention—theWaterTalkies—isbasicallyaphonethatallowssoundwavetotravelabout15feetunderwater.WaterTalkiesarenowofferedattoystoresaroundthecountry.

C

D

FraserDohertyisanexampleofayoungmanwithamoreold-fashionedapproachtobusiness.Attheageof14,FraserDohertybeganmakingjamsfromhisgrandmother’srecipes(制作法)andsellingthemdoor-to