Unit3DiscoverUsefulStructuresDirectSpeechIndirectSpeech课件高中英语人教版选择性

Unit3EnvironmentProtection直接引语和间接引语DiscoveringUsefulStructures—Directspeech&indirectspeech直接引语和间接引语的魅力Wehaveonlyoneearthbutouronlyearthisbeingdestroyedbysomepeople.Listen!Theearthsays,“saveme!”

Yeah,theearthtellsustosaveit.Itishightimeweshouldliveinharmonywiththeearth.Lookatthesentencesinbothcolumnsanddiscussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.Summarisetherulesforchangingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech.

Directspeech1.Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”IndirectspeechTheexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.3.Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.IndirectspeechThereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.

Directspeech2.Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”3.Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”IndirectspeechTheexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.

Directspeech4.“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.什么是直接引语和间接引语？引用别人的话有两种方式：一种是直接引用别人原句，放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，且不能用引号，这是直接引语；直接引语如何变间接引语？直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。1．连接词的选择(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。Thelittleboysaid,“Iwasplayingwithmytoyswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.”(直接引语为陈述句)Thelittleboysaid(that)hewasplayingwithhistoyswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引导。Mothersaidtoherdaughter，“Areyousatisfiedwithyournewroom？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)Motheraskedherdaughterwhether/ifshewassatisfiedwithhernewroom.(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“Whenwillthesportsmeetbeheld?”hesaid.(直接引语为特殊疑问句)→Heaskedwhenthesportsmeetwouldbeheld.(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)【注意】(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“saidtosb.”常改为toldsb.。(2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。2．人称的变化(记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Marysaid:“Iwanttohaveacomputerofmyown.”→Marysaidthatshewantedtohaveacomputerofherown.直接引语如何变间接引语？2．人称的变化(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。Hercolleaguesaidtoher，“Whodidyou

askforaleave？”→Hercolleagueaskedherwhoshehadaskedforaleave.2．人称的变化(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Theworkerssaid,“Theleadersoftenmaketheworkersworkextrahours.”→Theworkerssaidthattheleadersoftenmadetheworkersworkextrahours.3．时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时句子的时态变化如下表：直接引语如何变间接引语？Hisfriendsaidtohim,“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.

Theorganizerssaid,“Wehavebegunourplan.”(直接引语为现在完成时)→Theorganizerssaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.(间接引语为过去完成时)【注意】直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言，变间接引语时，时态无变化。(直接引语为现在进行时)(间接引语为过去进行时)4．指示词、状语及动词的变化指示代词：this变that；these变those直接引语如何变间接引语？4．指示词、状语及动词的变化5.当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常用ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.的形式。“Followhisinstructions,”shesaidtome.→Shetoldmetofollowhisinstructions.直接引语如何变间接引语？6.若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。Shesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，children!”Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.7.当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offertodo和ask/advise/wantsb.＋todo”等结构。Jacksaid,“Let’sgotothecinematonight.”→Jacksuggestedthatweshouldgotothecinemathatnight.→Jacksuggestedourgoingtothecinemathatnight.直接引语如何变间接引语？8．如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导，也可以用that引导。Shesaid，“Whatalovelydayitis！”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.9．若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。“Canyoulendmetwoyuan？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIcouldlendhimtwoyuan.直接引语如何变间接引语？活学活用将直接引语变换为间接引语1.Thepatientasked,“IsDr.Liatthehospital?”→Thepatientasked___________Dr.Liwasatthehospital.2.“Wholostthekeytotheroom?”askedMissGreen.→MissGreenasked_______hadlostthekeytotheroom.whowhether/if将直接引语变换为间接引语3.Johnsaid,“TomorrowI’mgoingtoattendthisparty.”→Johnsaid(that)thenextday________________attendthisparty.4.Shesaid,“IworkedinShanghaithreeyearsago.”→Shesaid(that)________________________threeyearsbefore.shehadworkedinShanghaihewasgoingto将直接引语变换为间接引语5.Mymothersaid,“Thedoorisn’tlocked.”→Mymothersaidthatthedoor_____________．6.Thepatientsaid,“Thedoctorshavediscussedthemysteriousdisease.”→Thepatientsaid(that)thedoctors______________themysteriousdisease.7.Tomsaid,“Iamreadinginmyroom.”→Tomsaidthathe____________inhisroom.haddiscussedwasn’tlockedwasreading

将直接引语变换为间接引语8.Shecried,“Whatacrazyideayouhave!”→Shecried_____acrazyideaIhad.9.Iaskedmyroommate,“Wouldyoumindturningthemusicdown?”→Iaskedmyroommate_______themusicdown.toturnwhat单句语法填空