SAT真题汇编：201612北美及答案

ๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғ411UnauthorizedcopyingorUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.PAGE4CONTINUETestReadingTest65MINUTES,52QUESTIONSTurntoSectionofyouranswerTurntoSectionofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsNSECTIONSECTIODIREachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).Namesake©2003byJhumpaLahiri.LaterthatnightGogolGanguliisaloneinhisroom,listeningtoside3oftheWhiteAlbumonhisparents'cast-offRCAturntable.LineThealbumisapresentfromhisAmerican5birthdayparty,giventohimbyoneofhisfriendsatschool.Bornwhenthebandwasneardeath,GogolisapassionatedevoteeofJohn,Paul.George,andRingo.Inrecentyearshehascollectednearlyalltheiralbums,andtheOnly

Gogolissitting,hehassomethingspecial.Thegiftiscoveredinred-and-green-and-gold-stripedpaperleftoverfromChristmastheyearbefore,tapedawkwardlyattheseams.Itisobviouslya30book,thick,hardcover,wrappedbyhisfather’sownhands.Gogolliftsthepaperslowly,butinspiteofthisthetapeleavesascab.TheShortStoriesofNikolaiGogol,thejacketsays.Inside,thepricehasbeensnippedawayonthe35diagonal.“Iordereditfromthebookstore,justforyou,”hisfathersays,hisvoiceraisedinordertobeheardoverthemusic.”It’sdifficulttofindinhardcoverthesedays,It’saBritishpublication,10thingtackedtothebulletinboardonthebackofhisdoorisLennon’sobituary,alreadyyellowandbrittle,clippedfromtheBostonGlobe.Hesitscross-leggedonthebed,hunchedoverthelyrics,whenhehearsaknockonthedoor.15 "Comein,"hehollers,expectingittobehissisterSoniainherpajamas,askingifshecanborrowhisMagic8BallorhisRubik’sCube.Heissurprisedtoseehisfather,standinginstockingfeet,asmallpotbellyvisiblebeneath

40averysmallpress.Ittookfourmonthstoarrive.Ihopeyoulikeit.”Gogolleansovertowardthestereototurnthevolumedownabit.HewouldhavepreferredTheHitchhiker’sGuidetotheGalaxy,45orevenanothercopyorTheHobbittoreplacetheonehelostlastsummerinCalcutta,leftontherooftopofhisfather’shouseinAliporeandsnatchedawaybycrows.Inspiteofhisfather’soccasionalsuggestions,hehasnever20hisoat-coloredsweatervest,hismustacheturninggray.Gogolisespeciallysurprisedtoseeagiftinhisfather’shands.Hisfatherhasnevergivenhimbirthdaypresentsapartfromwhateverhismotherbuys,butthisyear,his25fathersays,walkingacrosstheroomtowhere

50beeninspiredtoreadawordofGogol,oranyRussianwriter,forthatmatter.HehasneverbeentoldwhyhewasreallynamedGogol,doesn'tknowabouttheaccidentthathadnearlykilledhisfather.Hethinkshisfather’slimpis55theconsequentofaninjuryplayingsoccerinhisteens.He'sbeentoldonlyhalfthetruthaboutGogol:thathisfatherisafan.“Thanks,Baba,”Gogolsays,eagertoreturntolyrics.Latelyhe’sbeenlazy,addressinghis60parentEnglishthoughtheycontinuetospeaktohiminBengali.Occasionallyhewandersthroughthehousewithhisrunningsneakerson.Atdinnerhesometimesusesafork.Hisfatherisstillstandingthereinhis65room,watchingexpectantly,hishandsclaspedtogetherbehindhisback,soGogolflipsthroughthebook.Asinglepictureatthefront,onsmootherpaperthantherestofthepages,showsapencildrawingoftheauthor.Thatface70isfoxlike,withsmall,darkeyes,athin,neatmustache,anextremelylargepointynose.Darkhairslantssteeplyacrosshisforeheadandisplasteredtoeithersideofhishead,andthereisadisturbing,vaguelysupercilioussmilesetinto75long,narrowlips.GogolGanguliisrelievedtoseenoresemblance.True,hisnoseislongbutnotsolong,hishairdarkbutsurelynotsodark,hisskinpalebutcertainlynotsopale.Thestyleofhisskinpalebutaltogetherdifferent—thick80Beatle-likebangsthatconcealhisbrows.GogolGanguliwearsaHarvardsweatshirtandgrayLevi’scorduroys.Hehaswornatieonceinhislife,toattendafriend'sbarmitzvah.No,heconcludesconfidently,thereisnoresemblance85atall.

22Basedonthepassage,whichchoicebestdescribestherelationshipbetweenGogolandhisfather?Theyrarelyinteractonanintimatelevel.Theyconfideineachother.Thereishostilitybetweenthem.Theyareaffectionatetowardeachother.33Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines18-24(“Heis…buys”)Lines31-35(“Gogol…diagonal”)Lines39-40(“It’sa…arrive”)Lines58-59(“Thanks…lyrics”)44Atusedinline29,“awkwardly”mostnearlymeansuncomfortably.clumsily.troublesomely.inappropriately.5 1Basedonthepassage,whichchoicebestdescribesGogol'sviewofpopularcultureintheUnitedStates?HeislargelyunawareofitHeseesitasbeinghighlyartistic.HewantstoshieldhisparentsfromitHewantstofitintoit

WhichchoicebestsupportstheideathatGogol’sinterestsaredifferentfromhisfather’s?Lines8-12("Inrecent...Globe”)Lines31-35("Gogol...diagonal”)Lines43-51(“Hewould...matter")Lines56-57(“He’sbeen...fan")6 9ThepassagemoststronglysuggeststhatthebookisimportanttoGogol’sfatherbecauseitwillhelpGogolbecomemorefamiliarwithhisfather'shometown.itisconnectedtoanimportanteventfromGogol’sfather'spast.hewantstoreassurehissonthatthename“Gogol”isnotrate.Gogol’sgrandfatherwasascholarofRussianliterature.

Accordingtothepassage.Gogolopensthebookhereceivedmainlybecausewantstoseeapictureoftheauthor.issothrilledthathisfatherboughthimagift.haslostinterestinthemusiclyricshewasstudying.knowsthatitiswhathisfatherwantshimtodo.7 Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines8-9(“Inrecent…albums”)Lines26-28(“Thegift…before”)Lines51-54(“Hehas…father”)Lines54-56(“Hethinks…teens”)

10Inthepassage,thesharpestcontrastdrawnbetweentheindividualpicturedinthebookandGogolGanguliIsintermsoftheirsignsofaging.facialhairandexpression.clothingandhairstyle.facialfeatures.8Atusedinline59,“lazy”mostnearlymeansnegligentpassive.lethargic.slow.ๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғ411UnauthorizedcopyingorUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.PAGE5CONTINUE

OurAncestorsbyNicholasWade,2006

thatasplendidhostbynotingthearchaeologicalrecord.for“Tokhariankukal,andOldEnglishhweowolEuropeanturnto

words.existinCreek,(episkopos).Latin(episcopus),Old(obispo)andFrench(eveque),fromwhichtheProto-Indo-Europeantheymustbewordforwheel,whichtheyreconstructas(theasteriskindicatesareconstructedword).inthe25musthavesplitintoitsdaughterlanguagesforwheel?

ofwhich65*kwekwlosisassumedtobeaduplication.Butthatyearsbeforetheinventionofthewheel.30 existenceuntilafterthisdate.ๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғ411UnauthorizedcopyingUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.PAGE6CONTINUETable1DistributionofProto-Indo-European“Wheel"WordsinSelectIndo-EuropeanLanguageGroupsWordBelievedmeaningInGermanicLanguages?InBalticLanguage?InSlavicLanguages?InIndicLanguages?InCelticLanguages?InGreekLanguages?*kwekwloswheelyesnonoyesnoyes*roh-eh2-wheelyesyesnoyesyesno*weghetiConveyinavehicleyesnoyesyesyesno*aks-axleyesyesyesyesnoyesAdaptedfromDavidW.Anthony.TheHone,theWheel,andLanguage:HowBronze-AgeRidersfromtheEurasionSteppesShapedtheModemWorld,©2007byPrincetonUniversityPress.Table2SimilaritiesamongSomeMajorEuropeanLanguagesoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyLanguagepairNumberoftranslationequivalentsexaminedWrittencognates(homographs)amongtranslationequivalentsSoundcognates(homophones)amongtranslationequivalentsSpanishandItalian2.9461.438996DutchandEnglish4.1921.1041.223SpanishandFrench2.7611.166849GermanandEnglish4,625778953SpanishandEnglish5,0571,057869FrenchandGerman2345452448AdaptedfromJobSchepensetal.“Goss-LanguageDistributionsofHighFrequencyandPhoneticallySimilarCognates.”©2013bySchepensetal.Twowordsindifferentlanguagesaretranslationequivalentsifeachisthenearestwordinmeaningtotheother.ๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғ411UnauthorizedcopyingorUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.PAGE12CONTINUE11 141114Whichstatementbestdescribestheoverallstructureofthepassage?Itfirstrecountslinguists’interpretationofarchaeologicaldataandthensuggeststhatthedataareunsound.Itfirstprovidesanoverviewofsomerecenttechniquesusedinlinguisticsstudiesandthendetailsthefailingsoftwoofthem.Itfirstdefinesatheoryoflinguisticsandthenarguesthatitisapplicabletoonlyafewlanguages.Itfirstsummarizesamethodadvancedbysomelinguistsandthenidentifiescertainofitslimitations.1212Asusedinline3,"idea"mostnearlymeansbelief.approach.image.option.13 Whichstatementbestidentifiestheroleinlinguisticpaleontologyofphysicalevidenceofpasthumanlifeandactivity?Theevidenceprovidesastandardofthetechnologicalprowessofaculture.Theevidencehelpsresearchersestimatewhenspecificwordsemergedinancientlanguages.Theevidencesuppliescluesastohowwordsinindentlanguageswerepronounced.Theevidenceallowslinguiststodistinguishamongwordsofcloselyrelatedmeanings.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines3-7(“Theidea.,.record")Lines8-10("Inmany...other")Lines10-14("Greek...branch")Lines22-24("Now...ago")1515Accordingtothepostage,scholarswhofollowthelinguisticpaleontologicaltechniquegenerallybelievethatthedaughterlanguagesofProtoIndo-Europeanarosenoearlierthan5,400yearsago.beforetheirspeakersadoptedthewheel.asProto-Indo-Europeanculturedeclined.overaperiodofacenturyorless.1616Theauthorimpliesthatscholarswhouselinguisticpaleontologicalmethodsmaysometimesbeunabletodeterminewhysomewordsevolvedintocognatesindaughterlanguageswhileothersdidnot.howinventionsweredisseminatedamongculturespreviouslyunfamiliarwiththem.whetherwordsaretruecognatesorinsteadareimportedfromanotherlanguage.whenanobjectassociatedwithaparticularculturefirstappearedintheculture.17 201720Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines43-44(“Linguistic...words")Lines44-49(“It’strue...language”)Lines54-56(“Another...fact,exist”)Lines56-60(“Related...reconstructed”)1818Asusedline48,“coloration”mostnearlymeanscharacteristicquality.vividintensity.artisticappearance.deliberatearrangement.

Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichstatementabouttheexistenceofwordsassociatedwiththeword“wegheti”inseveraloftheIndo-Europeanlanguagesintable1?ThelikelihoodthatsuchwordswereusedinProto-Indo-Europeanitselfmaybegreaterthanscholarsrecognize.TheoriginofsuchwordsprobablyliesintheProto-Indo-Europeanword“*kwel.”ThedifferencesinpronunciationofsuchwardsinsomeIndo-Europeanlanguagemakeitdifficulttodetermineiftheyareactuallyrelated.TheexistenceofsuchwordsdoesnotnecessarilyconfirmthatProto-Indo-Europeanspeakersusedwheeledvehicles.19 Whichstatementregardingthefourreconstructed“wheel"wordsinProto-Indo-Europeanisbestsupportedbythedataintable1?AllfourpersistinnearlyoriginalformsintheGermaniclanguages.ThefourwerewidelyborrowedbylanguagesunrelatedtoProto-Indo-European.NoneofthefourdevelopedintowordsinalloftheIndo-Europeanlanguagesrepresented.GreekcognateslikelydiffermorefromtheoriginalfourthanGermaniccognatesdo.

21

Accordingtothedataintable2,whichpairoflanguagesshownpossessesthehighestnumberofsoundcognatesamongtranslationequivalents?SpanishandItalianDutchandEnglishSpanishandFrenchGermanandEnglish

Thispassageisadaptedfromabooktalkingaboutstarclusters.Starclustershavebeenobjectsofintensestudyformorethanacentury.Theyaretheglitteringgemsofthenightsky,aggregationsofafewhundredtoaboutamillionstars,usually

itsmoresphericalhaloandbulgecomponents.Globularstypicallycontain100,000solarmasses,allofitpackedintoasphericalor45ellipticalvolume100orsolight-yearsacross.Withagesaround12billionyears,globularclustersaretrulyancientobjects,afactreflectedinthelowmetallicityoftheirstars.About150globulars-includingseveralvisibletothe50Unaidedeye-orbittheMilkyWay.StarclustersintheAndromedaGalaxy,the5formingasinglegravitationallyboundentity.Moststarsprobablyformwithinclusters,sotheproblemofunderstandingstarformationisinextricablylinkedtounderstandinghowclustersform.Clustersareimportantbecause10theyprovideasampleofstatsatthesameage,withaboutthesamechemicalcontent,andatthesamedistancefromEarth—whichmakesthemusefulfortestingtheoriesofstellarevolution.Becauseobserverscanidentify15andstudystarclustersinothergalaxiesatdistanceswhereindividualstarscannolongerbedistinguished,astronomersgaininsightintostar-formationprocessesacrossabroadexpanseofspaceandtime.20 “WeliveintheMilkyWay,andasaresult,wehaveacertainperspectiveaboutwhatwemightcallastarcluster,"saysRupaliChandar,anastronomerattheUniversityofToledo,Ohio.Inourparochialview,starclusterscome25intwoflavors—openandglobular—thatatfirstglancecouldnotbemoredifferent.Openclustersresideinourgalaxy’sdisk,typicallycontainstarsnoolderthanabillionyears,andholdafewhundredtoperhapsa30fewthousandsolarmasses.Theirstarsexhibitmetallicity—thecomplementofelementsheavierthanhelium—similartoorgreaterthanourSun’s.Openclustersrangeinsizefromseveraltomorethan50light-yearsacrossand35appeardiffuseandirregularlyshaped.About1,000havebeencataloged,withthemostfamousexamplesbeingthefamiliarPleiadesandHyadesinTaurus.Thousandsmorelikelyexistbeyondourabilitytodetectthem.

Nearestlargespiral,appeartobreakdowninmuchthesameway.“IfwelivedinAndromeda,Ithinkprobablyitwould55reinforceourviewofthisdichotomyinclusterproperties,”Chandarsays.Butastronomersinamoreextremegalacticenvironment-suchasagalaxyundergoingaburstofintensestarformation,likeM82,orgalaxiesinthe60processofmerging,liketheAntennae-wouldreachstarklydifferentconclusions."Themainresult[ofworkoverthepast15years]isthatanytimeyoulookatstarburstandmerginggalaxies,youseeveryrich65systemsofyoung,compactclusters,”Chandarexplains."Themostmassiveendofthese,thebrightestend,hasalltheproperties—masses,sizes,currentluminosities—wewouldexpectofyoungglobularclusters.”Ifwecouldlook70atthesemassiveyoungclustersfarinthefuture,whentheuniverseistwiceitscurrentage,they’dresembletheglobulardustersweseeorbitingtheMilkyWaytoday.Moreover,theseobjectsaren’tuniquetodisturbedgalactic75environments.TheyoccurinnormalspiralslikeM83andNGC6946,too.Whenastronomersre-examinetheMilkyWay'sclustersystemwiththisrealizationinmind,theonce-cleardistinctionbetweenopen80andglobularclustersbecomesblurred.At10billionyearsold,Berkeley17isconsideredtheoldestopenduster,butitoverlapstherangeofglobular-clusterages(8to12billionyears).Thetwoclustertypesshowaslightoverlapinmetal85contentaswell.40 GlobularclustersrideorbitshighlyinclinedtotheMilkyWay'sdiskandareassociatedwith14Age(billionsofAge(billionsofyear)10 NGC4590

MetalContentandAgeofstarClustersM12Berkeley17Rup106

NGC6791Pal48Pal126

Terzan7

NGC1884 globularclusters2 openclusters0

NGC2243Berkeley21Haf6

M67theHyzdes-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0Metallicity

-0.5

0 0.5Sources:DatafromM.SalarisandA.Weiss,“HomogeneousAgeDatingof55GalacticClusters.”@2004byEuropeanSouthernObservatory;andfromM.Salaris.A.WeissandS.M.Percival,“TheAgeoftheOldestOpenClusters.”@2004byEuropeanSouthernObservatory.22242224Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistodescribemetallicityandhowitisusedtodeterminetheagesofstarswithindusters.typesofstardustersandobservationsthatcastdoubtonhowtheyareclassified.methodsusedtoestimatetheagesofstardustersinmerginggalaxies.thedistributionofstarclustersassociatedwithnormalspiralgalaxies.23 Itcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethatmodelsdescribinghowstarschangeovertimearebesttestedusingstarsthathaveasetofcharacteristicsincommonwitheachother.orbitinthehaloandbulgecomponentsoftheMilkyWay.werefirststudiedmorethan100yearsago.exhibitametalcontentsimilartothatoftheSun.

Whichchokeprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines1-2(“Star…century”)Lines6-9(“Most…from”)Lines9-14(“Clusters…evolution”)Lines40-42("Globular...components")2525Whatdoesthepassagestateabouttheyoungglobularclustersseeninstarburstandmerging,galaxies?TheyarecomposedentirelyofstarsthatoremoremassivethantheSun.Theywilleventuallydissipate,andtheirstarswillspreadthroughthehostgalaxy.Theycontainstarswithavarietyofchemicalcompositions.TheywillsomedayresembletheglobularclusterweseetodayIntheMilkyWay.2630 26Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines14-19(“Because…time”)Lines24-26(“Inour…different”)Lines53-56(“Ifwelived…says”)Lines69-73("Ifwecould...today")27

Whichtwoclustersshowninthefiguresupporttheauthor’spointthatthe“twoclustertypesshowaslightoverlapinmetalcontentaswell”(lines84-85)?Pal4andBerkeley17NGC6426andNGC188Tarzan7andBerkeley21Pal12andNGC2243Asusedinline25,“flavors"mostnearlymeansqualitiesenhancements.varieties.surroundings28

31 Accordingtothefigure,whatistheapproximatemetallicityofPal12?A)6.2B)1.2C)-0.8D)-1.229

Asusedinline47,“reflected"mostnearlymeansexamined.pondered.exhibited.speculated.

32

Thefiguresupportstheauthor'spointthatthedistinctionbetweenglobularandopendustersisnotasdearasoncethoughtbyshowingthattheyoungestopendustersarelessthan1billionyearsold.NGC6791andRup106arebothabout10billionyearsold.mostglobulardustersarebetween8and12TheauthorindicatesthatthemetallicityofastardusterisdirectlyrelatedtothedistanceofthedusterfromtheSun.sizesofthestarsintheduster.degreetowhichthedusterisgravitationallyboundagesofthestarsinthecluster.

billionyearsold.D)themetallicityofNGC4590islessthanthemetallicityofPal4.Passage1isadaptedfromBenjaminFranklin,informationtoThoseWhoWouldRemovetoAmerica.Originallypublishedin1782.Passage2isadaptedfromJ.HectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeur.LettersfromanAmericanFarmer.Passage2waswrittensometimebetween1769and1775andoriginallypublishedin1782.Passage1ManypersonsinEurope,havingdirectlyorbyLetters,expressedtotheWriterofthis,whoiswellacquaintedwithNorthAmerica,LinetheirDesireoftransportingandestablishing5themselvesinthatCountry;butwhoappeartohaveformed,throughIgnorance,mistakenIdeasandExpectationsofwhatistobeobtainedthere;hethinksitmaybeuseful,andpreventinconvenient,expensive,and10fruitlessRemovalsandVoyagesofimproperPersons,ifhegivessomeclearerandtruerNotionsofthatpartoftheWorld,thanappeartohavehithertoprevailed.HefindsitisimaginedbyNumbers,thatthe15inhabitantsofNorthAmericaarerich,capableofrewarding,anddisposedtoreward,allsortsofIngenuity;thattheyareatthesametimeignorantofalltheSciences,and,consequently,thatStrangerspossessingTalentsmustbehighly20esteemed,andsowellpaid,astobecomeeasilyrichthemselves;thattherearealsoabundanceofprofitableOfficestobedisposedof,whichtheNativesarenotqualifiedtofill. TheseareallwildImaginations;andthosewhogoto25AmericawithExpectationsfoundeduponthemwillsurelyfindthemselvesdisappointed.TheTruthis,thatthoughthereareinthatCountryfewPeoplesomiserableasthePoorofEurope,therearealsoveryfewthatinEurope30wouldbecalledrich;itisratherageneralhappyMediocritythatprevails.TherearefewgreatProprietorsoftheSoil,andfewTenants;mostPeoplecultivatetheirtheirownLands,orfollowsomeHandicraftorMerchandise;very35fewrichenoughtoliveidlyupontheirRents

orIncomes,ortopaythehighPricesgiveninEuropeforPaintings,Statues,Architecture,andtheotherWorksofArt,thataremorecuriousthanuseful.HencethenaturalGeniuses,that40haveariseninAmericawithsuchTalents,haveuniformlyquittedthatCountryforEurope,wheretheycanbemoresuitablyrewarded.Itistrue,thatLettersandMathematicalKnowledgeareinEsteemthere,butthey45areatthesametimemorecommonthanisapprehended:therebeingalreadyexistingnineCollegesorUniversitiesbetidesanumberofsmallerAcademies...TheseIdeasprevailingmoreorlessinallthe50UnitedStates,itcannotbeworthanyMan’swhile,whohasameansofLivingathome,toexpatriatehimself,inhopesofobtainingaprofitablecivilOfficeinAmerica. MuchlessisitadvisableforaPersontogothither,who55hasnootherQualitytorecommendhimbuthisBirth.InEuropeithasindeeditsValue;butitisaCommoditythatcannotbecarriedtoaworseMarketthanthatofAmerica,wherepeopledonotinquireconcerningaStranger.60Whatishe?But,Whatcanhedo?Passage2InthisgreatAmericanasylum,thepoorofEuropehavebysomemeansmettogether,andinconsequenceofvariouscauses;towhatpurposeshouldtheyaskoneanotherwhat65countrymentheyare?Alas,twothirdsofthemhadnocountry.Canawretchwhowandersabout,whoworksandstarves,whoselifeisacontinualsceneofsoreafflictionorpinchingpenury,canthatmancallEnglandorany70otherkingdomhiscountry?Acountrythatbadnobreadforhim,whosefieldsprocuredhimnoharvest.whometwithnothingbutthefrownsoftherich,theseverityofthelaws,withjailsandpunishments;whoownednot75asinglefootoftheextensivesurfaceofthisplanet?No!Urgedbyavarietyofmotives,heretheycame.Everythinghastendedtoregeneratethem;newlaws,anewmodeofliving,anewsocialsystem;heretheyarebecomemen;in80Europetheywereassomanyuselessplants,wantingrefreshingshowers;theywithered,andweremoweddownbywant,hunger,andwar,butnowbythepoweroftransplantation,likeallotherplantstheyhavetakenrootand85flourished!Formerlytheywerenotnumberedinanycivillistsoftheircountry,exceptinthoseofthepoor;heretheyrankascitizens.Bywhatinvisiblepowerhasthissurprisingmetamorphosisbeenperformed?Bythatof90thelawsandthatoftheirindustry.Thelaws,theindulgentlaws,protectthemastheyarrive,stampingonthemthesymbolofadoption;theyreceiveamplerewardsfortheirlabours;theseaccumulatedrewardsprocurethemlands;those95landsconferonthemthetitleoffreemen,andtothattitleeverybenefitofisaffixedwhichmencanpossiblyrequire.Thisisthegreatoperationdaityperformedbyourlaws.Fromwhenceproceedtheselaws?Fromour100government.Whencethegovernment?Itisderivedfromtheoriginalgennisandstrongdesireofthepeopleratifiedandconfirmedbythecrown.3333ThepurposeofthefirstparagraphofPassage1ismainlytopresentFranklin’sreasonforwritingthepassage.summarizeanargumentbyFranklin'scritics.dispelsomemythsaboutNorthAvidedetailsabouttheprocessofemigratingfromEuropetoNorthAmerica.

3535BasedonPassage1,FranklinbelievesthatthehighereducationsysteminNorthAmericaisasgoodasanyothersuchsystemintheworld.strongerthanmanyEuropeansthink.inaccessibletoallbuttheverywealthy.toofocusedonscienceandmathematics.3636InPassage2,Crevecoeurclaimsthattwo-thirdsofimmigrantstoAmerica“hadnocountry”(line66)mainlytoemphasizethediversityoftheAmericanpopulace.scarcityoffarmlandinEurope.difficultyoftheimmigrants’livesinEurope.immigrants’desiretoquicklyassimilatelifeinAmerica.3737InPassage2,themainpurposeoftheplantanalogy(lines79-85)istocontrastthestabilityoflifeinNorthAmericawiththeupheavalsoccurringinEurope.highlightthehardshipsofthelifeofaNorthAmericanfarmer.emphasizetheimportanceofagriculturetomostimmigrants.illustratethetransformativeeffectsofimmigrationtoNorthAmerica.34 383438Theprimarypurposeoflines39-42("Hence...rewarded")istoprovidesupportfortheclaimthatNorthAmericaproducesmoreartiststhanEurope.NorthAmericansconsiderhandicraftstobemoreimportantthanfineart.NorthAmericansspendlittlemoneyonart.NorthAmericanspreferEuropeanarttoNorthAmericanart.

WhichchoicebestsupportstheclaimthatCrèvecoeurbelievedhisgovernmenttobealegitimateone?Lines66-70(“Cana...hiscountry”)Lines76-77(“Urged...came”)Lines99-100(“Fromwhence...ourgovernment")Lines100-103(“Itis...crown")UnauthorizedcopyingorUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.PAGE14CONTINUE1 139413941ๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғ4Whichchoicebestdescribesthestylesandpurposesๅग़ᩒා᧗ےᗭғ4FranklinuseacondescendingtonetopointouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofimmigratingtoNorthAmerica,whereasCrèvecoeurusesasatiricaltonetomockthetypicalimmigranttoNorthAmerica.Franklinusesamatter-of-factlonetodiscouragepeoplefromimmigratingtoNorthAmerica,whereasCrèvecoeurusesamoreoptimistictonetoextolthevirtuesoflifeinNorthAmerica.BothFranklinandCrèvecoeurusepersonalanecdotestosupporttheideathatthequalityoflifeinNorthAmericansforbetterthanthequalityoflifeinEurope.BothFranklinandCrèvecoeuruseappealstopatriotismtodiscourageEuropeansfromimmigratingtoNorthAmerica.4040Basedonthepassages,bothFranklinandCrèvecoeurwouldagreewithwhichstatementaboutsocialclassinNorthAmericaandEurope?ThesocialclassintowhichonewasbornisnotasimportanttoNorthAmericansasitistoEuropeans.ThesocialclasssystemisreinforcedbygovernmentsinbothNorthAmericaandEurope.EuropeansarenotasconcernedwithsocialclassasmanyNorthAmericansthinktheyare.Thosewhohadlowersocials