2-托福雅思语法培训-时态

时态基础语法课程一般现在时1.1表示不受时限的客观存在：包括客观真理、格言、科学事实及其他不受时限的事实

eg:Theearthrotatesonitsaxis.

Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

LondonstandsontheRiverThames.1.2

表示现在习惯动作：现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性

Eg:Ioftengotoworkonfoot.

Myfatherdoesn’tsmoke.

Healwayssleepswithhiswindowsopen.1.3表示现时状态和现在瞬间动作：现时状态通常带有一定的持续性，适用于静态动词；而现在瞬间动作通常为转瞬即逝的动作，适用于动态动词。

Eg:Someoneisatthedoor.

Whatdoyouthink?

Itakethiscardfromthepackandplaceitunderthehandkerchief.

Look,hecatchesthebasketball.

1.4表示将来时间和过去时间。1.4.1Ihope/wish/bet/suggest+that-分句

Eg:Ihopeshelikestheflowers.

Ibetitrainstomorrow.1.4.2see(toit)/makesure/makecertain+that-分句Eg:I’llsee(toit)thatyoudon’tgetlost.1.4.3由if/when引导的条件分句和时间分句Eg:Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoshopping.1.4.4tell/say/hear/learn/gather等来表示Eg:Alicetellsmeyou’reenteringcollegenextyear.Eg:IhearpooroldMrsSmithhaslostherson.ExercisesMy

daughter

___

(watch)

TV

every

day.

Sometimes

she

__(see)

a

film

on

Sunday.

-He

________

(say)

that

Prof.

Li

is

tired.

3.-____

you

think

he

will

come?

-If

it

________

tomorrow,

he

will

not

come.

A.

Do

/

rains

B.

Are

/

rains

C.

Do

/

will

rain

D.

Are

/

will

rain

4.The

little

child

____

not

even

know

that

the

moon

________

around

the

earth.

A.

do

/

move

B.

do

/

moves

C.

does

/

moves

D.

did

/

movedWatches,seessaysAC2.一般过去时2.1表示过去时间：在特定过去一段时间中一次完成的动作、一度存在的状态或过去的习惯动作。Eg.WevisitedafactorylastFriday.

Thistownwasonceabeautyspot.

Hehasgivenupsmoking,butayearagohesmoked100cigarettesaweek.2.2表示现在时间和将来时间。2.2.1want,wonder,think,hope等其后（that）-分句，表示婉转语气Eg.A:Didyouwantme?

B:Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.2.2.2It’stime…,Iwish…,I’drather…等其后that-分句，以及在某些条件句中，表示主观设想Eg.It’stimeyouhadaholiday.

Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast！Exercises1.______

you

_______

me?

I

thought

I

________

you

calling

me.

A.

Did,

call,

heard

B.

Have,

called,

heard

C.

Have,

called,

have

heard

D.

Were,

call,

heard2.

As

soon

as

he

________,

he

______

to

his

family.

A.

arrived,

writes

B.

arrived,

written

C.

arrived,

wrote

D.

had

arrived,

write

3.—Did

the

thieves

_____

into

the

car?

—No,

they______.

A.

fell,

didn’t

B.

fall,

did

C.

jump,

didn’t

D.

jump,

did4.

Hello,

Mike.

It’s

you.

I

_____

you

______

in

Beijing.

How

long

have

you

been

here?

A.

don’t

know,

were

B.

hadn’t

known,

are

C.

haven’t

known,

are

D.

didn’t

know,

wereACCD3.现在进行体3.1表示说话时正在进行的动作：一般由表示持续动作的动态动词表示Eg.Whatareyoudoing?Iamwritingaletter.

Hurryup!We'reallwaitingforyou.3.2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作：在说话时不一定正在进行，带有暂时性Eg.Heisworkinginachemicalfactorythesedays.3.3表示按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作：进行体表示将来时间的用法Eg.Mr.SmithisleavingChinainafewweeks.

IamgoingtoQingdaoforthesummerholiday.3.4其他用法3.4.1表示刚刚过去的动作（口语中）Eg.Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.

Youdon’tbelieveit?Iamtellingthetruth.Iamhopingyou’llgiveussomeadvice.ExercisesThe

Greens____supper

now.

不知道能不能跟您谈谈。女孩子们正在吃早餐。

Is/arehaveingI’mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.Thegirlsarehavingtheirbreakfastnow.4.1表示过去某时正在进行的动作：这一用法通常把时间状语表示出来，或通过上下文把时间暗示出来Eg.Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayat7am?

WhenIwentdownstairs,theywerealreadyeatingbreakfast.4.过去进行式

4.2表示过去某种习惯性的动作：过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯Eg.Georgewasgettingupat5everydaythatweek.

4.3表示过去将来时间里的动作：按照计划即将发生的过去将来事态Eg.Theywereleavingafewdayslater.

Hetoldmetowakehimupifhewassleeping.4.4表示现在时间和将来时间里的动作4.4.1表示委婉语气：限于hope,want,wonder等动词，主要表示有礼貌的请求Eg.Iwaswonderingifyou’dliketocomeoutwithmeoneevening.

Iwashopingyoucouldsendmesomebooks.4.4.2补充：委婉语气的比较Trytocompare:

Ihopeyoucansendmesomebooks.

Ihopdedyoucouldsendmesomebooks.

Iamhopingyoucansendmesomebooks.

Iwashopingyoucouldsendmesomebooks.4.4.3

表示主观臆想的情况:仅限于某些固定结构Eg.Iwishtheywerenottalkingsoloudly.

I’dratheryouweregoingatonce.

Wouldyoustayalittlelonger,ifyouwereenjoyingyourself?

Itistimewewereleaving.Exercises1、昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么？

2、他们想知道我们什么时候去上海。

3.I

don

'

t

think

Jim

saw

me;

he

___

into

space.

A.

just

stared

B.

was

just

staring

C.

has

just

stared

D.

had

just

stared

4.---Hey,

look

where

you

are

going!

---Oh,

I

'

m

terribly

sorry.________.

A.

I

'

m

not

noticing

B.

I

wasn

'

t

noticing

C.

I

haven

'

t

noticed

D.

I

don

'

t

notice

What

were

you

doing

when

I

phoned

you

last

night.BThey

wanted

to

know

when

we

were

leaving

for

Shanghai.B5.现在完成体和现在完成进行体5.1现在完成体：表示“已完成”“未完成”5.1.1“已完成”指动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，现在已经完成了，并与现在的情况有联系。Eg.Hehasturnedoffthelight.(在一个过去时间被关掉，说话时仍关着)5.1.2“未完成”指动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去。Eg.He'slivedheresince1960.5.2现在完成进行体：用法与5.1.2“未完成”相仿Eg.I'vebeenwritinglettersforanhour

(andI'vestillgotsomemoretodo).

I'vebeensittinginthegarden

(andhavejustcomeindoors).有时两者可互换

Eg.We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears

We'velivedherefortenyears但现在完成进行体带有持续性、暂时性和未完成性，有时不可互换

Eg.Who'sbeeneatingmydinner?

Who'seatenmydinner?

(还有些剩下)全吃光了Exercises1.Both

his

parents

look

sad

.

Maybe

they

______what's

happened

to

him

.

A.

knew

B.

have

known

C.

must

know

D.will

know2.--______

you

___

your

homework

yet

?

--Yes,

I

_____

it

a

moment

ago.

A.Did

do

finished

B.Have

done

finished

C.Have

done

have

finished

D.will

do

finish3.Mr.

Li

______swimming

for

3

hours,

and

his

son

______an

hour

ago.

A.has

been,

started

B.have

started,

has

started

C.started,

started

D.

Has

started,

has

started4.He

_______

it

for

two

hours,

and

he's

still

watching

now.

A.has

been

watched

B.watching

C.has

been

watching

D.is

watchingBBAC6.过去完成体和过去完成进行体6.1过去完成体“已完成”：一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经完成结束Eg.Ihadwrittentheletterwhentheycame.“未完成”：一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间Eg.By6o'clocktheyhadworkedtwelvehours.6.2过去完成进行体:用法与现在完成进行体相仿，只是将时间推移到了过去Eg.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.可替换使用Eg.I'dbeenworkingforthreehourswhenhecalled.

I'dworkedforthreehourswhenhecalled.6.3补充6.3.1完成体与since-分句：自某时以来，一直进行或未进行某种活动Eg.Mr.SmithhastaughtEnglishatthisinstitutesince1979.6.3.2Itisthefirsttimethat-分句：Eg.It'sthefirsttimeI'vebeenhere.Exercises1．He

asked

me

____

during

the

summer

holidays.

A.

where

I

had

been

B.

where

I

had

gone

C.

where

had

I

been

D.

where

had

I

gone

2.

I

______

900

English

words

by

the

time

I

was

ten。

A.

learned

B.

was

learning

C.

had

learned

D.

learnt3.

By

the

time

he

was

ten

years

old,

he

________.

A.

has

completed

university

B.

has

completed

the

university

C.

had

completed

an

university

D.

had

completed

university

4.

They

____

on

the

program

for

almost

one

week

before

I

joined

them,

and

now

we

______

on

it

as

no

good

results

have

come

out

so

far.

A.

had

been

working;

are

still

working

B.

had

worked;

were

still

working

C.

have

been

working;

have

worked

D.

have

worked;

are

still

working

5.尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。CADARafael

was

scolded

even

though

he

hadn't

been

doing

anything

wrong.

7.将来时间的表示方法7.1will/shall+动词原形:will用于第一、二、三人称主语，shall用于第一人称，常夹杂着情态意义即带有说话人的主观态度和看法;有时既表示将来，也含有意愿Eg.Hewon'tbehereintimeunlesshecomesbyair.

I'msureIshan'tlosemywayinthewoods.

You'llfailthetestifyoudon'tworkhard.

I'lldoit,ifyoulike.7.2will/shall+进行体/完成体/完成进行体：

带有“自然要发生”的含义，不包含“意愿”、“意图”等情态意义；

也表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作或某一时段前已完成的动作；

一定语境中表示说话人的揣测。Eg.Thetrainwillbearrivingattwoo'clock.

I'llbetellingyouallaboutitwhenwemeet.

Youcanusemybike.Iwon'tbeneedingittomorrow.

I'llhavefinishedmyworkbyfivethisafternoon.

BytheendofnextmonthIshallhavebeenworkingherefor

20yearsexactly.

It'salreadysixo'clock.Hewon'tbeworkingnow.7.3begoingto+动词原形：表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事；表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。

Eg.Howlongishegoingtostayhere?

Wearegoingtocallameetingtodiscussit.

I