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ThinkOutsidetheBox
广州市东环中学
黄海燕E-mail:1500178972@timeheadteacherspaceculturethenumberofSsobligationregulationeducation/evaluationsystembudgetequipmentinnovativepatientcooperativeinformativecreativityknowledgeableflexibleresponsibilitypersonalityI.HowshouldTstalktoSs?1.Rough-tuningthelanguage*Moreexaggeratedspeech*Speakwithlesscomplexgrammaticalstructures*Eyecontact2.Physicalmovements*Gesture*Facialexpression*mimeunconscioussimplificationthatparents&teachersmake.MaximizeSTT(StudentsTalkingTime)MinimizeTTT(TeachersTalkingTime)speakingactivities/debate/discussion/roleplay/dialogue/speech(report)…simpleinstructions/don’trepeatifnotnecessary/wellpreparedlessonplan/askSstorepeatandexplainWhoshouldtalkinclass?Goodteachersshouldfindabalance
betweenpredictablesafetyandunexpectedvariety.Goodteachersshouldfindabalancebetweenapre-arrangedplanandflexibility.II.LearningStyles:VARKV:Visual
K:Kinesthetic
R:Reading&WritingA:Aural
MultimodalVisualStudyStrategieslecturerswhousegesturesandpicturesquelanguagepictures,videos,posters,slidesflowchartUnderliningwithdifferentcoloursofhighlighterssymbols&whitespacegraphstextbookswithdiagrams&picturesIntakeOutputdrawthings,usediagramsPracticeturningyourvisualsbackintowordsRecordthepicturesmadebyyourpageswriteexampaper
Aural
StudyStrategiesIntake*attendlectures&tutorials*discusstopicwithotherstudents&yourlecturers*explainnewideaswithotherpeople*useataperecorder*remembertheinterestingexamples,stories,jokes…*describetheoverheads,pictures&othervisualstosb.whowasnotthereOutput*talkwiththeexaminer*listentoyourvoices&writethemdown*spendtimeinquietplacesrecallingtheideas*
practicewritinganswerstooldexamquestions*speakyouranswersRead/Write
StudyStrategiesIntake*lists*headings*dictionaries*definitions*glossaries*handouts*notes*textbooks*library*essaysOutput*Writeexamanswers*Practicewithmultiplechoicequestions*Writeparagraphs*Writeyourlists(a,b,c,d,1,2,3,4)*Arrangeyourwordsintohierarchies&points
III.Listeningstrategies(1)Listeningforthemainidea:Usuallyanswerstothe“wh”questionsPredicting:Usingpreviousknowledgeaboutatopictopredictthecontent/languageUsingcontextualornon-verbalclues:
BothsightandsoundHearingcontentwords:Listeningforstressedcontentwords,ignoringfunctionwordsRecognizingdiscoursemarkers:“Anotherthingis…”“Now,finally…”
Guessing:Unknownwords/phrasesUsingsentencestructure:conjunctionsindicatearelationshipbetweentwoparts.
Retainingrelevantinformation:Note-takingCommunicatingwiththespeakerUsingstress,intonation,rhythm:
Understandingunusualstressforemphasis.Recognizingintonationpatternstodeterminequestions/statements
III.Listeningstrategies(2)IV.ESLlessonplanThreenecessaryelementsforsuccessfullanguagelearning.E:Engage(thestageofthelessonwhereyouarousetheSs’interest,emotion&curiosity)S:Study(thestagewheretheconstructionofalanguageisthemainfocus)A:Activate(Ssusethelanguageinanatural,communicativeway.)--FreepracticeE:
Engage(thestageofthelessonwhereyouarousetheSs’interest,emotion&curiosity)showpictures/video,askquestions,tellstories,jokes,riddles,tonguetwisters,games,music,Tscandressupinacostumerelatedtotopics,dances,showrealobjects/visualcardsS:
Study(thestagewheretheconstructionofalanguageisthemainfocus)presentationofgrammar&vocabulary,aswellascontrolledpracticeA:Activate(Ssusethelanguageinanatural,communicativeway.)--Freepracticegames,roleplays,discussion,debate,interviewStraightArrows:E—S—AStraighttothepoint!Bestforbeginners!Boomerang:E—AS—AAdvantage:ConnectionbetweenwhatTisteaching&whatSsneedtolearnDisadvantage:MoredifficultforTs,can’tprepareforstudystageAdvantage:Flexible/VariableVarietyofactivities/stagesPatchwork:AnyorderisOKDisadvantage:ChaoticClassroomManagement(1)SeatingArrangementUsingdifferentstudentgroupingsClassroomManagement(2)ProsConsSoloThinkforthemselvesEasytocontrolworkattheirownspeedCandaydreamNotenoughtimePairWork(PW)CooperationMostchancetospeakDisagreementNoisyGroupWork(GW)CooperationLotsofchancetospeakSomeSshideNoisyWholeClass(WC)ControlSpiritAlmostnochanceformostSstospeakV.How
toteachvocabulary?(1)WordSemanticPragmaticTheThreeDimensionsofWordsWord:pronunciation,spelling,partofspeech…Semantic:themeaning
ofthewordPragmatic:theuseoftheword*Isitformal/informal?*Isitusedinwriting,speech,orboth?*Whatmakesitdifferentfromsynonyms/otherrelatedwords?*Howoftendonativespeakersusethisword?V.How
toteachvocabulary?(2)Unplannedvocabularylessons
ThreeCs:Conveymeaning,Check,ConsolidateConvey
meaning:Tcanusemime,asynonym,oranyothermeanstoconveymeaning.Check:TshouldcheckthatSshaveunderstoodbyaseriesofquestions&answers.Consolidate:TshouldtrytogetSstohaveapersonalconnectiontothenewwordbyhavingthemrelatetotheirownexperiences.V.Howtoteachvocabulary?(3)PlannedvocabularyteachingConveymeaning:Tcanusemanythings,likevisualaids,wordsrelations,pictorialschemata,definitions,examples,andwordrootsandstemsCheck:Thiscanbedonewithfill-in-the-blank,
matchingpairs,sortingexercises,gridcompletion,etcConsolidate:Problemsolvingtasks,writingastoryordialogue,discussionandrole-play.3-Capproachshouldalsobeused,butmoredetailedV.Howtoteachvocabulary?(4)Collocation--WordpartnersSpidergramstellsb.thedifferencealieastorythe
trutha
jokeLexicalsets--WordsthatbelongtoaparticulargroupV.Howtoteachvocabulary?(5)A)SemanticSet—GroupedbymeaningB)SyntacticalSet—GroupedbygrammarformC)SemanticSet—SituationgroupAnimals—dog,cat,horse,pig,cow…Nounsrelatedtoclassroom—book,pen,desk,paper,bag,blackboard…Greetings:Hello/Nicetoseeyou/Howareyou?..VI.Howtoteachreading?(1)WhatkindofreadingshouldSsdo?AbalancehastobestruckbetweenrealEnglishandSs’capabilities&interests!Authenticreadingmaterial:
materialsfromrealworldnewspapers,magazines,novels,stories,poetry,menus,signs,letters,instructions,reports,advertisements,recipes,notes,prescriptions,receipts/bills,resume…Advantage:
relatedtoreallife,practical,interestingDisadvantage:
languagemaybedifficultforSstounderstand(slang/idioms…)Non-Authenticreadingmaterial:
materialsthatismanufacturedfortheclassroom.eg.textbooksAdvantage:
materialiscreatedforparticularlevels;easyforSstounderstandDisadvantage:
maybeoutdated,
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