Unit8知识点提要牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8BUnit8知识点提要词汇挖（洞，沟等）v.dig→三单：s→★过去式：dug→▲现分：digging→★过分：dug★挖洞digahole认真的，严肃的，严重的8AU5adj.serious比较级：more~最高级：themost~区分：一系列；系列节目[复]可n.*series区分：销售量[复]sales←sell认真地，严肃地，严重地adv.seriously★★★当真要做某事beseriousaboutdoingsth.★★★认真对待某人/某事beseriousaboutsb./sth.=takesb./sth.seriously★★★你一定不是认真的。Youcan’tbeserious.你是认真的吗？Areyouserious?这导致了严重的空气污染。Thiscausesseriousairpollution.没什么严重的nothingserious一种严重的血液病aseriousblooddisease一个严重的问题aseriousproblem关上（开关）（短语）turnoff关上它turnitoff关上灯/煤气/水龙头/电源/电视/空调turnoffthelights/gas/tap/power/TV/airconditioner当刷牙的时候关上水龙头turnoffthetapwhenbrushingteeth打开（开关）turnon打开它turniton明智的，充满智慧的adj.wise比较级：r最高级：thest明智地，充满智慧地adv.wisely比较级：more~最高级：themost~分开，隔开v.separate→三单：s→▲过去式：d→▲现分：separating→▲过分：d把废品分成不同的类别separatewasteintodifferentgroups废品被分成不同的类别。Thewasteisseparatedintodifferentgroups.允许v.allow→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★允许做某事allowdoingsth.★允许某人做某事allowsb.todosth.★★★某人(不)被允许做某事sb.be(not)allowedtodosth.砍倒（短语）cutdown★砍倒它们cutthemdown处罚，惩罚v.punish→★三单：es→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★★★否则，我们将会受到法律的惩罚Otherwise,wewillbepunishedbylaws.罚款v.&罚金不可n.&美好的，漂亮的，优良的；晴朗的；健康的adj.&够好，蛮不错adv.fine→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：fining→▲过分：d★被警察罚款befinedbythepolice依靠，依赖，指望v.depend→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★★★看情况。It(all)depends.=Thatdepends.依靠；取决于（短语）dependon/upon丰富的；富有的adj.rich比较级：er最高级：theest★★★富含...berichin...缺乏...belackin...用完，耗尽（短语）物runout=物beusedup人runoutof物=人useup物★★★时间不多了。Timeisrunningout.[典型例题]()1．Onourwaytothepicnic,wefoundwe________ourwaterandourfood________,too.A．ranout;runout B．ranoutof;ranout C．ranout;ranoutof D．ranoutof;ranoutof()2．Areportsaysthattheworld’snaturalgas________inthefuture.A．willberunout B．willuseup C．willrunout D．willbecleanedup导致，产生v.produce→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：producing→▲过分：d导致produce=cause=leadto差异，不同（之处）可n.difference(a/s)不同的adj.different区分tellthedifference与...不同bedifferentfrom...与...相似besimilarto...在...方面相似besimilarin...与...相同bethesameas...（对...）有影响，起作用（短语）makeadifference(to...)★★★有巨大影响makeabig/greatdifference★没有影响makenodifference污染v.pollute→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：polluting→▲过分：d污染，污染物不可n.pollution被污染的adj.polluted活着的，活的adj.living★生活条件/生存区域/活物livingconditions/areas/things谋生makea/one’sliving仍然活着be/stayalive使某人活着keepsb.alive20.调查可n.survey(a/s)做一个调查doasurvey一个关于学生日常习惯的调查asurveyonstudents’dailyhabits21.空的adj.empty回收利用空瓶子recycleemptybottles一张空桌子anemptytable22.有害的adj.harmful比较级：more~最高级：themost~无害的adj.harmless★★★对...有害beharmfulto...=doharmto...*伤害；损害v.harm→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed24.在正确位置（短语）inplace25.煤不可n.coal区分：气体；煤气不可n.gas26.石油；原油；食用油不可n.oil区分：土壤不可n.soil灰尘，尘土不可n.dust27.形成v.&形式，表格可n.（a/s）form→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→▲过分：ed区分：来自v.from满不在乎地；粗心地adv.carelessly比较级：more~最高级：themost~★满不在乎的；粗心的adj.careless比较级：more~最高级：themost~★细心的adj.careful比较级：more~最高级：themost~★细心地adv.carefully比较级：more~最高级：themost~简单的adj.simple比较级：r最高级：thest简单地；仅仅，简直9AU4adv.simply30.步骤；措施可n.step(a/s)★采取措施做某事takestepstodosth.采取一些简单的措施takesomesimplesteps带*号面包果不可n.breadfruit种面包果树plantbreadfruittrees减少，降低v.reduce→三单：s→▲过去式：d→▲现分：reducing→▲过分：d减少灰尘reducedust*增加v.increase区分：导致，产生v.produce回收利用，循环利用v.recycle→三单：s→▲过去式：d→▲现分：recycling→▲过分：d回收利用空瓶子recycleemptybottles回收利用，循环利用不可n.recycling塑料不可n.&塑料的adj.plastic塑料袋plasticbags“白色污染”whitepollution又称“塑料污染”plasticpollution限制v.&可n.(a/s)limit→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed资源可n.resource(a/s)★丰富的/自然/森林资源rich/natural/forestresources海报可n.poster(a/s)展示；陈列v.&可n.(a/s)常用单数display→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed区分：扩散；分布；展开不可n.spread展出ondisplay=onshow这次展览将会展示什么？Whatwillbedisplayedattheshow？灰尘，尘土不可n.dust土壤不可n.soil气体；煤气不可n.gas天然气naturalgas再使用v.reuse→三单：s→▲过去式：d→▲现分：reusing→▲过分：d区分：减少，降低v.reduce回收利用，循环利用v.recycle电力；力量不可n.power节约用电savepower停电powercut知识就是力量。Knowledgeispower.教材英文释义总结★separate(putthingsintodifferentgroups)recycle(treatsomethingusedsothatitcanbeusedagain)allow(letsomeonedosomething)fine(makesomeonepaymoneybecausehe/shehasdonesomethingwrong)produce(causearesult)二、重要短语、句子icstrips—Weletotheunit部分通过骑自行车来减少空气污染reduceairpollutionbyridingbicycles通过缩短淋浴时间来省水savewaterbytakingshortershowers通过关灯来节约能源saveenergybyturningoffthelights通过回收利用废品来保护环境protecttheenvironmentbyrecyclingwaste过绿色的生活liveagreenlife这导致了严重的空气污染。Thiscausesseriousairpollution.对人们来说，选择公共交通工具或骑自行车是明智的。It’swiseof/for教材p107peooletochoosepublictransportorridebicycles.Reading部分瑞士(Switzerland)是一个有着高山和清澈、蔚蓝湖泊的国家。Switzerlandisacountrywithhighmountainsandcleanbluelakes.我们应该尝试让它一直保持那样。Weshouldtryto★keepitthatway.在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料、纸之类的物品被分成不同的类别，然后循环利用。InSwitzerland,thingslikeglass,plasticandpaperareseparatedintodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.甚至连旧衣服和旧鞋也可以回收利用。Evenoldclothesandshoescanberecycled.为了从全国各地收集旧衣服，一个组织被建立了。Anorganizationwassetuptocollectoldclothesfromallover/aroundthecountry.这些衣服一些被放在慈善商店里出售，一些被送给穷人，其他的被送到工厂回收利用。Someoftheclothesaresoldincharityshops,somearegiventothepoor,andothersaresenttofactoriesforrecycling.政府有许多法律来保护环境。Thegovernmenthasmanylawstoprotecttheenvironment.例如，如果人们砍伐树木，他们将会受到惩罚，因为这是不被允许的。Forexample,peoplewillbepunishediftheycutdowntreesbecauseit’snotallowed.如果人们在公共场所乱丢垃圾，他们将会被警察罚款。Ifpeopledroplitterinapublicplace,theywillbefinedbythepolice.还有限制空气和水污染的法律。Therearealsolawstolimitairandwaterpollution.大自然是我们最大的财富。Natureisourgreatesttreasure.我们应该保护大自然因为我们依靠其丰富的资源生存。Weshouldprotectnaturebecausewedependonitsrichresourcestolive.人们依靠自然资源得以生存。(p117)Peopledependonnaturalresourcestolive.对我们来说，明智地保护大自然很重要。Itisimportantforustoprotectnaturewisely.幸运的是，人们开始使用太阳能、风能和水能。Luckily,peoplearestartingtouseenergyfromthesun,windandwater.这些新型能源花费少并且用之不尽。Thesenewtypesofenergycostverylittleandwillneverrunout.此外，它们几乎不产生污染。Moreover,theyproducelittlepollution.记住每个人都可以做一些事情来起作用。Rememberthateveryonecandosomethingtomakeadifference.Grammar部分（p114语篇熟记，语法填空15空）PollutionPollutionisoneofthebiggest__1__(problem)intheworldtoday.Inmanyplaces,rubbish__2__(throw)intolakesandrivers,somanyofthem__3__(pollute).Insomecities,theair__4__(fill)withpollution.This__5__(make)peopleill,andmorepeople__6__(hurt)inthefutureifit__7__(notclean)up.Aswellaspeople,animals__8__(harm)bypollution.Landandwaterpollutionkillsmanyanimalseveryyear.Ifwedonotact__9__(improve)theenvironment,more__10__(live)things__11__(kill)bypollution.However,thereissomegoodnews.Ashow__12__(hold)atthetownhallthisFridayevening.Allofuswillhaveachance__13__(think)abouttheworldaroundus.Onthatday,we__14__(show)howtoprotecttheenvironment.Ifweworktogether,wecanmaketheworlda__15__(good)place.Integratedskills部分我们应该尽我们最大的努力去保护环境。Weshouldtryourbest★toprotecttheenvironment.树木减少灰尘并有助于保持空气干净。Treesreducedustandhelpkeeptheairclean.空气污染对我们的健康有害。Airpollutionisharmfultoourhealth.在暴风雨期间树木有助于保持土壤不流失。Treeshelpkeepsoil★inplaceduringstorms.Studyskills部分煤，石油和天然气不仅对家庭有用，而且对工厂有着更广泛的用途。Coal,oilandnaturalgasarenotonlyusefulforfamilies,but(also)haveawideruseforfactories.煤，石油和天然气从地下开采。Coal,oilandnaturalgasaredugupfromtheground.我们是时候采取正确的行动来保护我们的环境了。Itistimeforustotakeproperactiontoprotectourenvironment.如果可能的话重复使用或回收利用物品reuseorrecyclethingsifpossibleTask部分（p119全文背诵、默写）译文goinggreen环保我们的环境正在★恶化(changefortheearth)，所以是我们保护环境的时候了。这是一些可以采取的简单的措施。我们可以通过缩短淋浴时间和刷牙时关上水龙头来省水。如果可能的话，我们也应该重复使用水。为了节约用电，我们应该在离开房间时关上灯。当我们的电视或电脑不工作(not★in)时，我们也应该关上电源。其他一些好习惯也能够帮助减少污染。我们不应该使用塑料袋。恰恰相反的是，当购物的时候我们应该带我们自己的包。循环利用也是一种能够帮助减少污染的好方法。我们应该把废品分成不同的类别以便它能够被循环使用。★此外，对我们来说，养成一个环保的生活方式很重要。我们应该多做锻炼，少看电视并且在家种一些花也很好。按照这些小步骤，你就可以对地球有巨大影响！三、语言点作文中常见的错误类型①wordusagemistake单词使用错误②punctuationmistake标点符号错误③spellingmistake拼写错误④grammaticalmistake语法错误⑤missingword 缺单词[典型例题]()1.Coal,oilandnaturalgasisnotonlyusefulforfamilies,buthaveawideuseforfactories.Whattypeofmistakeisthereinthesentence?MissingwordB.PunctuationmistakeC.GrammaticalmistakeD.Spellingmistake()2.Lookatthesentencesbelow.Eachoneonthelefthasa_______mistake.Therearesomuchpeople.Therearesomanypeople.Iam22year.Iam22yearsold.Thereisthreebooksinthebox.Therearethreebooksinthebox.wordusageB.spellingC.grammaticalD.punctuation()3.—Lookatyoursentence!You’vemadeamistakehere.—Oh,yes.“waterandairis”shouldbe“waterandairare.”A.punctuation（标点） B.spelling C.grammatical D.wordusage()4.“It’simportantforustoprotectourenviromnentwisely.”Canyoutellthemistakeinthesentenceabove？Missingword. B．Grammaticalmistake. C．Spellingmistake.D．Wordusagemistake.区分：alive,living[典型例题]()1．★Wehumans,animalsandplantsareall________things.Airandwaterkeepus________.A．living;alive B．alive;living C．living;living D．alive;alive()2．Thoughsheisdisabled,the______girlteacheschildrendrawingfora(an)_____.Shealwaysbringsanimals_____onthepaper.A．living;live;alive B．live;living;lively C．lively;living;alive D．lively;

alive;living区分：little＋不可n.“几乎没有”alittle＋不可n.“有一些”few＋可n.复“几乎没有”afew＋“有一些”[典型例题]()1．Mayisveryhappybecauseshehasmadequite________friendsinhernewschool.A．little B．alittle C．few D．afew()2．______studentsknewwhattheAmericanboysaidbecausetheyknew________English.A．Alittle;afew B．Few;alittle C．Few;little D．Afew;little()3．Thereis_________timeleft,butIstillhave_________mathproblemstoworkout.WhatcanIdo?A．little;few B．few;little C．alittle;afew D．little;afew()4．Ihave______informationabouthimbecausewedidn’tseeeachotherfor_____years.A．little;afew B．afew;alittle C．alittle;afew D．few;alittle()5．Wehave__________bread,butwehave________apples.Let’sbuysomeapplesinthesupermarket.A．alittle;afewB．few;alittleC．alittle;fewD.afew;little()6．Althoughmygrandpahas________hobbies,heknows________aboutpopmusic.A．few;afew B．afew;little C．afew;alittle D．few;little()7．Ineedonly________milkand________bananasforthebananamilkshake(香蕉奶昔).A．little;few B．alittle;afew C．afew;alittle D．few;little()8．MrWubought________icbookswith________moneyforhisson.A．afew,afew B．afew,alittle C．alittle,afew D．alittle,alittle()9．Ionlyhavebread,soIfeelsad.afew;afewB．alittle;afewC．afew;alittle D．alittle;alittle4.区分：other/(the)others/theother/anotherotherother＋→others“另一个”“另一个”(the)otherssome...,(the)others....theother2中的另一个(one)...,theother....another≥3中的另一个one...another...注意和以下两种题型的区别：“排除法解题”：前属后有other，前不属后无other。any＋可n.单、anyother＋可n.单、theother＋可n.复数词＋more＋n.=another＋数词＋n.[典型例题]()1.Mycousinkeepstwopets.Oneisalovelycatand_______isabeautifulbird.A．other B．others C．theother D．another()2.Duringthespringfestival,somepeoplevisitrelatives,_______gotravelling.A．other B．others C．theother D．another()3.—Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?—No,notyet.I’llfinishitin________tenminutes.A．other B．others C．theother D．another()4.Tofindthelostelephant,thepolicesearchedthewholecity,fromoneparkto__________.A．theother B．others C．another D．theother()5．Shanghaihasmorepeoplethan________inJiangsuand________inChina.A．