牛津2020-必修一unit1-Grammar-and-usage语法

Unit1BacktoschoolGrammarandusageSpringiscoming.Leavesturngreen.Cowseatgrassonthehill.Thespringgivesusawarmhug.Iwillmakethebeautystayinmymindforever.主语谓语主语主语主语主语系动词谓语谓语谓语表语

宾语间接宾语宾语补足语宾语直接宾语状语Readthispoemandrecognizethesentencetypes.谓语主语表语

宾语间接宾语宾语补足语直接宾语状语

S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)OC(objectcomplement)Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures句子成分

句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分1.主语（subject）：1.主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体.2.一般在句首。3.一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语（不定式，动名词或从句）充当如：Theteachergaveaspeech.

2谓语（verb）：1.表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。2.必须由动词充当.3.一般在主语后面，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。如：Manystudentsjoinschoolclubs.Theweatherisnice.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures3.宾语（object）：通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语。通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirectobject），把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语（directobject）。如：Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Jackofferedmesomehelpfuladvice.

4.表语（Predictive）1.说明主语的身份或特征、属性、状态等。2.位于在系动词后面。3.充当短语的可以使单词、短语或从句。

1.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.2.Iamateacher5.宾语补足语(objectcomplement)。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构6）状语adverbial)

状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.We'llsendacartofetchyou.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures7定语（attributive）：修饰名词或代词。如：Iwenttoalargelibraryyesterday.Hedoesn’thaveanythingtodoatthemoment.口诀记忆

主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。句子主干主谓宾（表），辅助成分定状补。定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。Onthefirstdayofschool,MissYangaveashortspeechabouttheimportanceofsettinggoals.Payattentiontotheunderlinedsentencesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Checkyouranswers.(3)Thesehabitswillbehelpful.(5)youwillliveahappylife.(2)Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.(4)settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.P6verbobjectWorkingouttherules.Englishwordsorwordgroupscanbebasicallyorganizedintofivesentencetypes

accordingtotheirgrammaticalfunctions:

subject(主语),predicate(谓语),object(宾语),predicative(表语),etc.SentenceelementsandsentencestructuresSVOOSVOC简单句的五种基本句型：1.

主+谓(不及物动词)SV2.主+谓(系动词)+表语SVP3.

主+谓(及物动词)+宾语SVO4.主+谓(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语Focuson基本用法主语+谓语(不及物动词)(SV)此句型中“主语+不及物动词/词组”构成句子主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。但有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。1)Classbegins.4)Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.3)Iagree.状语修饰动词2)Thebombblewup.Itcameoutasabookin2019.(SVA)4)I’llwriteaboutmyvolleyballteaminmyfuturebooks.Hespentfourweeksatasummercamp.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(SVO)此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。1)Youmustlistentome.3)HearrivedinLondonyesterday.2)Sheis

laughingatthecrippledman.SVOA由……充当例句Hehasformedthehabitofrisingearlyinthemorning.Haveyoutoldthem

anythingabouttheaccident?Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.Wemayfindouttheunknownbycalculation.可在句中充当宾语的成分名词代词数词名词化的形容词由……充当例句Idisliketravellingtoworkinaverycrowdedbuseveryday.Herefusedtoattendthemedicalconference.IwonderwhetherIshouldstayornot.可在句中充当宾语的成分V-ing(短语)不定式(短语)从句疑问词+不定式Sheknowswhattodonext.DavidSmithisastudent.主语+谓语(系动词)+表语

(SVP)此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。1)Hebecame

ascientist.2)Mysisteris

out

now.3)Dinnersmells

good.常见的系动词：be动词类：am,is,are,was,were

表示变化类：become,

get,turn,grow,go

感官动词类：look,sound,smell,taste,feel表示延续性的动词：remain,stay,

keep

Mybookisonthedesk.Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.Hekeptallthemoneyinthebank.I’llshowyoumystampstoo.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)2)IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.间接宾语直接宾语1)Ishowedhimmypictures.间接宾语直接宾语动词与“双宾语”givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.makesb.sth./makesth.forsb.常见的这类结构的动词还有：send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等常见的这类结构的动词还有：prepare,buy,order,do,fetch,pick,leave,build,post,get,draw,find,reserve,save等Hobbiescanmakeyougrowasaperson.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语

(SVOC)在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。宾语补足语结构例句Iwillmakeyoucaptain.HisspeechleftthePresident

inaverydifferentposition.1)

名词2)

介词短语宾语补足语结构常见动词例句Mymotheraskedmetowashtheclothes.1.We

consider

him

(to

be)

a

good

teacher.2.Ifindthestoryveryinteresting.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.todo(tobe)+n/adj.

不带to的不定式3)4)5)advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,cause,direct,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warnconsider,

think,

believe,

discover,

find,

judge,

prove,

imagine,supposefeel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat1.Youwillfindseniorhighschooldifferentfromjuniorhighschool.2.Yourschoolworkwillbemorechallenging.3.Wewillgiveyoumoreindependence.4.Youshouldlistenmorecarefully.5.Youcanjoinaclub.6.Yourteacherswillhelpyouinmanyways.7.Youwillsucceed![][]()()()()()()()a.SVb.SVPc.SVOd.SVOOe.SVOCf.SVAg.SVOASettinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.(1)Thetipsbelowmayhelpyou.□(2)theywillseemeasiertoreach

cb(3)Thiswillalsogiveyoutheencouragementtoachieveyoulong-termgoal.□(4)Youcankeepthelistonyourbedsidetable.□dg(5)Youmayfindachievinggoalsdifficult.□(6)youshouldnotgiveup.□(7)Youwillsucceedintheend.□eafTranslation.Hesawagirlinredgetonthebus.Hesawagirlinre