Unit+1+Reading+and+thinking+课件【知识专讲精研】高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

新人教版高中英语选择性必修二Unit1ScienceandScientists

ReadingandThinking/ˈkɒlərə/choleran.霍乱adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的severe/sɪˈvɪə(r)/Lead-indiarrhoea/ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/n.腹泻dehydration/ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃn/n.脱水Lead-ininfection/ɪnˈfekʃən/n.感染;传染waterpump/ˈwɔːtə

pʌmp/水泵UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

ReadingandThinking:

UnderstandthequestioningmindThechangescovid-19hasbroughttousinthepasttwoyears.coronavirus[kəˈrəʊnəvaɪrəs]WearmasksWashhandsfrequentlyLead-inrunnucleic

acidtests[nuˈkleɪɪkˈæsɪdtest]（核酸检测）getvaccinated[ˈvæksɪneɪtɪd]（接种疫苗）Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?Wearetakingmeasurestofightagainstcoronavirus![kəˈrəʊnəvaɪrəs]④Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行病）doyoukonw?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[məˈleriə]（疟疾）plague[pleɪɡ]（鼠疫）Ebola[ɪˈbəʊlə](埃博拉)①②③WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analysetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodTuYouyoufollowedthescientificstagestofindoutthecureformalaria.Canyouputthemintherightorder?MALARIAWhoDefeatedCholera?PredictionJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Accordingtothetitle,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analyzetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodStagesofScientificResearchWhatorderwouldyouputthemin?WhilereadingActivity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Activity2:SkimthetexttoseeiftheorderyoudecidedinPredictionwascorrect.Activity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Activity3careful-reading1．WhichofthefollowingdidJohnSnowbelievein?A．Badaircausedcholera.B．Whatpeopleeatanddrinkcausedcholera.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.2．WhatwasthekeyleadingtoJohnSnow'sdiscovery?A．Thegovernment.B．ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.C．Thewatercompany.D．Themapmadebyhimself.3．Atlast，“KingCholera”wascontrolledby__________________．A．usingmedicinesinhospitalB．drivingpatientsoutofthecountryC．dealingwiththepollutedwaterD．gettingridofallkindsofpollution4．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?A．Choleragermsmultipliedinthewater.B．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.C．Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.D．Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.CarefulReadingPara.1Research

background2.Whywasthediseasecalled“”KingCholera?Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.expert/experienced/knowledgeabledeadlyuncontrollable“King”1.WhoisJohnSnow?Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.1.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Para.2Findaproblem→AskaquestionbeerpubNote:——1deathPH:publichouse30,31,…:numbersofhouseswaterpump7Para.3Thinkofamethod→Collectdata1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Analyzetheresults→Findsupportingevidence Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.…multipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamePara.3Drawaconclusion Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedSnowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterReadfromPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesWatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?ReadPara.4-5andanswerthequestions.WatercompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste,causingpeoplewhodrankthiswatertogetcholera.SummaryFindaproblem:Whatcausedacholera?Askaquestion：Whichtheoryisright?Thinkofamethod：Gatheredevidence，analyzedtheresultsandremovedthehandleofthepump.Drawaconclusion:Thetruthwasthatpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Takemeasures:Watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofthediseasedecreased.Thestagesofscientificresearch课文语法填空JohnSnowwas1.__well-knowndoctorinLondoninthe19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertohelppeople2._________

(infect)withit.In1854whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondon,he3.______

(begin)togatherinformation4.____________

(immediate).Hemarkedonamap5.______allthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewho6.__________(drink)thedirtywater7._____thepumpdied.Soheannouncedthatthepumpwater8.________

(carry)choleragerms.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies9._____________________(examine)andnewmethodsof10.________

(deal)withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.a

infected

began

immediately

where

haddrunkfromcarried(should)beexamineddealingInordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylife.Drinkboiledwater.Remembertowearamaskwhengoingout.Heatthefoodleftovernight.Washyourhandsoften.Cookrawfoodthoroughly.Dealwithrubbishtimelyandproperly.Post-reading

Qualitiespassion

creativitydevotionselflessnesshardworkWhatqualitiesdoyouneedtobeascientist?Post-readingPost-reading“Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.”-

AlbertEinstein”“提出新的问题，发现新的问题，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。”-阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦”1.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.直到英国医生约翰·斯诺证明了霍乱能够被战胜之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。※画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式，若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。※倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。※强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。LanguagePoints(1)We’llstayhereuntilitstopsraining.(2)He

theoffice

hisbosscameback.(3)Yesterday，Iwaitedforyouatthebusstation

4o’clockintheafternoon.(4)Notuntilhesawhismother，

thelittleboy

.(5)Itwasnotuntiltheresultoftheexamwasannounced

herealizedhehadorganizedtimebadly.didn’tleaveuntiluntildidsmilethatLanguagePoints2.Intime，herosetobecomeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。1intime及时；终于；迟早intime作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。intime作“及时”讲时，后常跟forsth.或todosth.。LanguagePoints(1)Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。(2)Thedoctorcameintime

(save)hislife.医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。(3)Luckyforhim，hewasjustintime

thebus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。tosaveforLanguagePoints

time相关短语①fromtimetotime

有时；偶尔②atatime 每次③innotime 立刻；马上④atthesametime 同时⑤atonetime 一度；从前⑥atnotime 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序)LanguagePoints

attendvt.出席；参加vt.&vi.照顾；护理vi.处理attendameeting/alecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学attendtosb./sth.照料……；处理……；招待……attend(on/upon)sb.伺候某人，照顾某人(4)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShore.(5)Shewaspraisedforhaving

attended(on/upon)/tohersickmother.(6)Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingto

.attendtoLanguagePoints3.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯诺赞同第二个理论。

subscribeto同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)

写出下列句子中subscribeto的汉语意思(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrencanbenefitfrombeingindependent.__________(2)Thisistheschoolyourfathersubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.____(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtoseveralmagazinesrecently.____赞成；同意捐助订阅LanguagePointssubscribe...to...把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上(4)Itisreportedthatmanypeoplehavesubscribedmoney

theeducationfund.to4.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。

suspectvt.怀疑；认为n.被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人suspectthat...怀疑……；觉得……suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事suspectsb.tobe...怀疑某人是……LanguagePoints(1)Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten，eight，andsix—hadpickeditup，butthegirlssaidtheyhadn’t.(2)JudgingfromwhathesaidIsuspecthimtobeapickpocket.＝JudgingfromwhathesaidIsuspect

.(3)Whatmadeyoususpecther

havingtakenthemoney?thatheisapickpocketof

blamevt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备※betoblame(forsth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事※put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人LanguagePoints(4)Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecausetheydidn’tadequatelychecktheirusers’registration.一些开发社交应用程序的公司应该负责任，因为他们对用户的注册信息审核不够严格。(5)Manychildrenareafraidofbeingblamed

makingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。(6)

(blame)byhisteacher，theboywasinlowspirits.被老师责备后，这个男孩心情低落。forBlamedLanguagePoints(7)很多人发现早上起床很难，并把这归咎于闹钟。①Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，and

.(blamev.)②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，and

.(blamen.)blameitonthealarmclockput/laytheblameonthealarmclockLanguagePoints4.Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他把水泵的手柄去掉使它不能再被使用。

handlen.柄，把手；柄状物；把柄v.触摸；操作；处理(1)Iturnedthehandleandfoundthedoorwasopen.我转动把手，发现门是开着的。(2)I’moldenough

(handle)myownaffairs.我已经长大了，可以处理我自己的事情。tohandleLanguagePoints5.Moreover，SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外，斯诺后来证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。

linkvt.&n.连接；联系link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来linkupwith与……联合；使与……衔接LanguagePoints(1)I’vedecidedtoblockalltheinformationfromafriend，whoconstantlyshareslinkstovarioushealthtips.我决定屏蔽一个朋友的所有信息，他总是不停地分享各种保健小贴士的链接。(2)Thepolicefoundthatthesefingerprintslinkedthesuspect

thecase.警方发现这些指纹把犯罪嫌疑人与案件联系起来。(3)Theywentontothenexttown，wherethey

theotherparty.他们继续赶路到了下一个城镇，在那里他们与另一个队伍会合。

tolinkedupwithLanguagePoints6.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts，watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater，andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.经过斯诺不懈的努力，自来水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少。

decreasevi.&vt.减少；(使)变小或变少n.减少；降低※decreaseto...减少到……decreaseby...减少了……decreasefrom...to...从……减少到……※onthedecrease正在减少LanguagePoints(1)Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreasedby30%lastyear.(2)Thenumberofnewstudentsinthisschool

2,100to1,600thisyear.(3)Becauseofhumanactivities，thenumberofsomerareanimalsis_____

.decreasedfromonthedecrease7.Fortunately，wenowknowhowtopreventcholera，thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了怎样防治霍乱。LanguagePoints

thanksto幸亏，由于※其他表示原因的短语还有：becauseof，onaccountof，asaresultof，常作状语，一般不作表语，常可置于句首或句末。dueto，owingto因为；由于，在句中作状语或表语。(1)Thankstoyourtimelyhelp，Imanagedtofinishtheworkontime.(2)

theb