新高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第4部分高考题型组合练组合练6

组合练6Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2022·山东省日照市高三一模)DespiteKyleTianshibeingonlya15-year-oldUShighschooler,hehaspublishedfivesci-finovels.HisfifthbookEventidewasreleasedinJuly.However,thismaynotbehismostimpressiveachievementasKylejustreceivedthe“HeroAward”，a$20,000grandprize.ItisthetophonorintheCaliforniaYouthSustainabilityAwards.Thecompetitionaimstoencourageandsupportyoungcommunityleaderswhoaremakingadifferenceforsustainabilityintheircommunitiesbytakingactionfortheplanet.Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.Thedevicecandetectmicroscopicparticles(粒子)inwaterbyusingalaserandmicroscope.Theseparticlescanbeharmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.Kylespentabout$60buyingthetoolsneededtoanalyzethetapwater:alaser,amicroscopeandamicro-computer.“Itʼsincrediblypowerfulfortheprice，”Kylesaid.Thenheusedtheirfamilyʼsgarageashislaboratory,doingresearchonthepollutionofdrinkingwatercausedbymicro-plastics.Kylehopestobringtomarketalow-costalternativetoolfordetectingmicro-plasticpollutionlevelsindrinkingwater.Inthisway,hecanofferhelptopeoplewhodonʼthaveaccesstowaterfiltration(过滤)systems.Hehasappliedforapatent.KylesaidhissisterEmily,afreshmanatStanfordUniversity,inspiredhisinterestinenvironmentalresearch.Shewasrecognizednationallyfordevelopingawatercollectiondevice.TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.1．WhatdoweknowaboutKyle？________A．Heisgoodatadaptingsci-fiworks.B．Heenteredmanynovelcontests.C．Hereceivedanawardforhisinvention.D．Heʼsfoundmicroscopicparticlesinwater.2．WhatledtoKyleʼscreationofNEREID？________A．Peopleʼslackofcleandrinkingwater.B．Peopleʼspoorlivingconditions.C．Hisdesiretobeacommunityleader.D．Hisfamilyʼsencouragement.3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKyle？________A．Considerateandbrave.B．Optimisticandhonest.C．Determinedandhumorous.D．Responsibleandcreative.4．Whatʼsthetextmainlyabout？________A．TheintroductionofNEREID.B．Aboyʼscontributiontoliterature.C．Theharmofpollutedwater.D．AUSschoolerʼswatersolution.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的KyleTianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。1．C细节理解题。根据第二段“Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉。)”可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C。2．A细节理解题。根据第三段“KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.(Kyle基于他在美国加州圣地亚哥的成长经历，想出了这个发明的主意。人们喝不到无污染的饮用水，他的父母要求他不要喝自来水。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A。3．D推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段“Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉。)”及最后一段最后一句“TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.(他们创立了清水创新项目，通过社交媒体平台倡导清洁用水，并组织社区清洁活动。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他有责任心且有创意。故选D。4．D主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉。)”可知，文章主要讲述15岁的KyleTianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D。B(2022·福建省龙岩市高中毕业班一模)Youimproveyourrobotʼssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversity,however,begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanalsoimprovearobotʼssoftwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayoftestingthisidea.Theybroughttotheirrobots,unimals,theprinciplesofevolution(进化)bynaturalselection.Unimals,withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs,aresoftwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswheretheywanderedwereinthreevarieties:flatgrounds,groundswithhillsandsteps,andonesthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort,butwithaddedobjects.Tobeginwith,theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariousshapes,butwithidenticalsoftware—derl.Newlycreatedunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesinavirtualbootcamp.Theywerethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroupwinnerwasawardedonemutation(变异)—oneextraarmorleg,oroneextraturninginajoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup,andtheprocessrepeated.About4,000varietiesofthemunderwenttraining.Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially,though,theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheiroldestancestorshadtaken,andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestgroundswerethemostsuccessful.Inthisevolutionofunimalsʼmorphology(形态)topromotetheabilitytolearn,DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcalledtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin,apsychologist,arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesofthebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown,thoughinsoftware,isthattheoppositecanalsobetrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhoughheheldthesoftwareconstant,itbecamemoreefficientatlearningastheunimalsʼbodiesevolved.Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredevelopedremainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout-of-the-boxidea.5．Howwasthetestconducted？________A．BypromotingUnimalsʼlearning.B．Byadjustingtheenvironments.C．Byprovingtheevolutiontheory.D．BystimulatingUnimalsʼmutation.6．Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthetest？________A．Thenumberoftrainedunimals.B．Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.C．Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.D．Thereplacementofoldunimals.7．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetest？________A．Mindevolutionaffectsbodyshaping.B．Bodychangesbettermindwork.C．Hardwarechangesdonotimpactsoftware.D．Thediscoveryisusefulinrobotdevelopment.8．Whatʼstheauthorʼsattitudetothefinding？________A．Negative. B．Objective.C．Indifferent. D．Approving.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了通过改进机器人的软件来改进它的软设备。然而，斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔却不这么认为。他认为还可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件。他和他的同事们发明了一种方法来验证这个想法。5．B推理判断题。根据第二段“Theybroughttotheirrobots,unimals,theprinciplesofevolution(进化)bynaturalselection.Unimals,withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs,aresoftwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswheretheywanderedwereinthreevarieties:flatgrounds,groundswithhillsandsteps,andonesthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort,butwithaddedobjects.(他们给他们的机器人，unimals，带来了自然选择的进化原则。unimals的头是地球仪，四肢是棍子，它们是与虚拟环境互动的软件生物。它们漫游的环境有三种：平地，有山丘和台阶的地面，以及第二种复杂的环境，但添加了物品。)”可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。故选B。6．C细节理解题。根据第四段“Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.(研究小组对进化出的形状的多样性感到惊讶。)”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。故选C。7．B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“WhatDrGuptahasshown,thoughinsoftware,isthattheoppositecanalsobetrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.(古普塔博士的研究表明，尽管是在软件上，相反的情况也可能是真的——身体形态的改变可以改善大脑的工作方式。)”可知，身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。故选B。8．B推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredevelopedremainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout-of-the-boxidea.(这一发现是否能在机器人的开发中发挥作用还有待观察。但测试的方法确实是一个创新的想法。)”可知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·辽宁省辽南协作校高三第三次模拟)Believeitornot,challengingsomeofyourlimits,whichyouhavenevertried,__1__(help)youchangeforthebetter.Whenmeetingwithdifficultiesornewthings,donʼtstepback.Rather,figureout__2__youarefrightenedofanddoit__3__(continuous).Ifyouareasalesman,afraidoftalkingtopeoplepersonallyoroverthephone,now,insteadof__4__(feel)scaredandconcernedaboutyourfailure,spendatleastfiveminutesadaytopickupthephoneandmakeacall.Althoughsomeonemayhanguponyou,donʼtstopon__5__firsttry!Eventually,youcanlookatfearintheeyes,saying,“Goon,andIamnotscared！”Yourconfidencewillincreasesignificantlyinthisway.Recent__6__(survey)showthatstartingwithahobbyalsoencouragesustofacechallenges,likecooking,sewing,gardening,paintingandsoon.Whateveritis,__7__(believe)itisagoodchancetotrynewthings.Andthesehobbiesmayalsogiveyousomeextraincome,if__8__(carry)outwell.__9__isnodenyingthatmanyotherwayscanalsohelpyouacceptchallenges,likesettingasidefixedtimetoexerciseandtravellingwithfriendsoralone.Allinall,challengingyourselfcanmakeyou__10__(brave)andadapttosocietybetter.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述人们在接受新事物后，会给人带来意想不到的效果，鼓励人们放下包袱，挑战自我。1．helps考查时态和主谓一致。句意：信不信由你，挑战你从没有挑战过的一些极限，会帮助你改变得更好。分析句子结构可知，此处需要谓语动词，全文讲述事实真理，所以要用一般现在时。再结合动名词充当的主语challenging，谓语动词应该是第三人称单数形式，故填helps。2．what考查名词性从句。句意：而是弄明白你所害怕之事并且继续做它。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，引导词充当从句中befrightenedof的宾语，表示“你害怕的事情”，应用what引导。故填what。3．continuously考查副词。句意：而是弄明白你所害怕之事并且继续做它。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词do，需用副词来修饰作状语，故填continuously。4．feeling考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你是一名推销员，害怕与人面对面或通过电话交谈，现在，不是害怕和担忧你的失败，而是要每天花5分钟拿起电话来打。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动名词来作介词of的宾语，故填feeling。5．the考查冠词。句意：即使有人挂你的电话，那么首次尝试，也不要放弃。分析句子可知，first为序数词，此处需要定冠词，onthefirsttry第一次尝试，故填the。6．surveys考查名词复数。句意：最近的调查显示开始一个爱好会有助于我们面对挑战，像烹饪、缝纫、园艺、绘画等。survey是可数名词，分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，此处需要名词的复数形式充当句子主语，故填surveys。7．believe考查祈使句。句意：无论它是什么，相信这是一个尝试新东西的机会。分析句子结构可知，空格前面为让步状语从句，后面的主句为祈使句，此处需要用动词原形开头，故填believe。8．carried考查状语从句的省略。句意：这些爱好会给你带来额外的收入，如果被开展地顺利的话。分析句子结构可知，此处是状语从句的省略，动词carry与逻辑主语thesehobbies之间是被动关系，完整形式为iftheyarecarriedoutwell，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故填carried。9．There考查固定句式。句意：不可否认还有很多其他的方法也能帮助你面对挑战，像留出固定的时间锻炼身体，与朋友或独自旅行。Thereisnodenyingthat...不可否认的是……，固定句型，首字母应大写。故填There。10．braver考查形容词比较级。句意：总而言之，挑战自己会使你更勇敢、更好地适应社会。结合句意，分析句子结构，还有句尾“better”的提示，此处需要形容词的比较级，作宾语补足语，故填braver。Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分)(2022·河北省唐山市高考二模)你班将举行以HowtoStayMotivatedinLearning为主题的英文演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿。注意：1．词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】HowtoStayMotivatedinLearningStayingmotivatedcanhelpyoufocusontheworkinhandandachievesuccessinlearning.Herearesometipsthatwillhelpyoudojustthat.Firstly,setyourgoalsinlearningandworktowardsit.Secondly,beatthethingsthatslowyoudownsuchaspersonalproblems,procrastination,andlowconfidence.Insteadofaimingtoohigh,setrealisticexpectationsandlookforsmallimprovementsandsuccessesasyouworktowardsyourgoals.Finally,whenyouhavefinishedyourtasks,rewardyourself.Thiswillmakeyoufeelgoodaboutyourlittlesuccessesandmotivateyoutokeepupwiththegoodwork.Hopethetipscanhelpyou.Ⅳ.读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2022·湖北省武昌区高三模拟预测)Itwasjustthethreeofus—myparentsandme.IalwaysfeltitapitythatIwouldneverhaveachancetoknowwhatgrandparentsʼ“spoiling”lovewouldbelike.Mydadisatruckdriver,andwhenIwaslittle,hewasgonemostofthetime,deliveringwireandothersuppliesaroundtheMidwest.Mymomisadevotedteacher,alwaysbusyswitchingbetweenlookingafterheronlychildandhermanystudents.WelivedinasmallhouseinBrighton,Colorado,inaneighborhoodof1970soldhouses.Wemovedthereonmythirdbirthday.MyfirstmemoryisourneighborArlenehandingmestrawberriesfromhergardenthroughaholeinthechain-linkfence.Sheandherhusband,Bill,livednextdoor.Arlenespentalotoftimeworkinginthegarden,andIwasalwaystalkingtoherfromouryard.IthinkwhatdrewmetoArleneandBillisthattheynevergottiredoflisteningtome.IalsothinkArlenesawalotofherselfinme—wewerebothlonely,anxious—andthatmaybewhyshealwaystookthetimetolistentome.Billtoo.Itwasawonderfulconnection.Oneday,myparentsaskedBillandArlenewhethertheyʼdwatchmewhiletheywentout.Thisworkedwellforeveryone,soitbecameasomewhatfrequentoccurrence.ArleneandBilldidnʼthavekids.Theyhadaspareroomintheirhouse,whichbecame“my”room.Ihadboxesoftoysandbooksinthatroom.ArleneandIwoulddocraftstogether.Billtaughtmehowtorideabikeandlaterhowtoflyakite.Itwashiscompanythatmadefatherʼsconstantabsencenotsounbearable.WhenIwasaboutfive,Ihadanidea.MyparentswerewatchingTVwhenIspatitout,“WhatifIadoptedBillandArleneasmygrandparents？”注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MyparentssaidIcouldaskthemtomorrow._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________FromthedayIadoptedthem,IcalledBilland