2021届 高考英语阅读解题专项之词义猜测题（十）含答案

2021高考英语阅读解题专项之词义猜测题(十)

-：知识讲解

1.题型特点

这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上

下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一，也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。

在阅读过程中，有些同学一遇到生僻词语就求助词典，这是不可取的。一遇到

生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯，而且还会影响阅读速

度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可

是我们如何理解它们呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。

词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中

推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词

义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。

2：设问方式

1.Accordingtothepassage,thewordprobablymeans.

2.Theunderlinedword"・・・"means.

3.Whatdoesthewordmeaninthesecondparagraph?

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?

5.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase"…”suggests.

3：解题技巧

(1)通过因果关系猜测词义

通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜

词。有时文章会借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,

therefore等)来猜测词义。

例Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

解析通过for连接的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义

日a主X/，，

贝备o

(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义

在文章中,有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义

词或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词

语推测不熟悉词语的含义。

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay,

即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解

释的过程中使用的同义词。

(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义

有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人，使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的

词语来进行对比，我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。

通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折或对比关系的连词或副词，如

but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。

例Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.

解析根据"notatallashandsome...w我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,

不漂亮”的意思。

二：习题演练

(A)

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanold

friend.There'sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattime

haschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.

Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedon

ourpresentmentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.

Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.Itsaboutthenowandwhatonecontributes

tothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhasto

pulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingevery

spring,isErnestHemingway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassic

memoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anaging

writerlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHoly

theFinn,herpoetic1975ramble（随笔）abouteverythingandnothing.Thethirdbook

isJulioCortDzafsSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.Andbecause

CortDzar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,which

mightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeed

wonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.

l.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.Ifsasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?

A.Ifsabriefaccountofatrip.

B.IfsaboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.Ifsarecordofahistoricevent.

D.IfsaboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency“inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt.B.Reward.

C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.

答案

l.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者为什么喜欢重读书籍?根据文章第一

段和第二段的内容，尤其是第一段的最后一句可知，作者认为书籍并没有变而是人

变了,重读书籍可以让一个人更好地审视自己。故D项正确。A:它评估作者和读

者的关系;B:它是整个新世界的窗口;C:它替代了和朋友喝酒。

2.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:关于《流动的盛宴》这本书我们知道什么？

根据文章第三段,尤其是...anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimpler

time.可知，这本书讲述的是海明威年轻时候的故事。故B项正确。A:它是一个旅

程的简短的叙述;C:它是对一个历史事件的记录;D:它是关于海明威在巴黎的朋友

的故事。

3.B词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第四段画线单词“currency”指的是什么?根

据画线单词所在部分的意思“重读一个作者的作品就是一个读者对作者最高的回

报”可知B项（回报）正确。A:债务;C:津贴,补助;D:面值，票面价值。

4.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文章中我们可以推断出作者的什么信息?

根据文章倒数第二段，尤其是becausepoetry可知，因为是诗歌，作者就多次重读。

因此可以判断作者喜欢诗歌。其他三项都是文章中没有提到的信息。B:他是一名

编辑;C:他非常有雄心壮志;D:他教授阅读。

（B）

Theystillbite,butnewresearchshowslab-grownmosquitoesarefightingdengue

fever-adangerousdiseasethattheynormallywouldspread.Dengueinfections

appeartobedroppingfastincommunitiesinIndonesia,Vietnam,BrazilandAustralia

thatarefilledwiththespeciallygrownmosquitoes.

Researchersfirstinjected（注射）mosquitoeggswithWolbachiabacteriathat's

commonininsectsandharmlesstopeopleinalab.Infectedfemalesthenpassthe

bacteriaonthroughtheireggs.ReleasingenoughWolbachiacarriers,boththefemales

thatbiteandthemalesthatdon't,allowsmating（交酉己）tospreadthebacteriathrough

alocalmosquitopopulation.

Ratherthanusingchemicalstowipeoutpests,“thisisreallyabouttransforming

themosquito,9,saidCameronSimmonsofthenon-profitWorldMosquito

Program,whichisconductingtheresearch.

ThefirstsuccesscamefromAustralia.Startingin2011,mosquitoescarrying

WolbachiawerereleasedinpartsofNorthQueensland,andgraduallyspreadthrough

thelocalmosquitopopulation.Dengueisspreadwhenamosquitobitessomeonewho

isinfected,andthenbitesanotherperson,butsomehowWolbachiablocksthat一and

localspreadhasnearlydisappearedinthoseNorthQueenslandcommunities,Simmons

said.

Thestudiesarecontinuinginothercountries.Butthefindings,presentedata

meetingoftheAmericanSocietyofTropicalMedicineandHygiene,suggestit's

possibletoturnatleastsomemosquitoesfromapublichealththreatintoannoying

biters.

Theworkmarks"excitingprogress^,saidMichiganStateUniversityprofessor

ZhiyongXi,whowasn'tinvolvedintheprojectbuthaslongstudiedhowWolbachia

canturnmosquitoesagainstthemselves.

Moreresearchisneeded,specialistscautioned."Theresultsarepretty

exciting一stronglevelsofreductions一butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobe

learnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat,^saidPennState

UniversityprofessorElizabethMcGraw.

l.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelab-grownmosquitoes?

A.Theylosetheabilitytobitepeople.

B.Theybecomeharmfultohumanbeings.

C.TheycarrydangerousWolbachiabacteria.

D.TheyspreadWolbachiabacteriabymating.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph4referto?

A.Thebitefromamosquito.

B.Thelocalcommunity.

C.Thespreadofdengue.

D.Theinfectedperson.

3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Thisresearchprovesacompletesuccess.

B.Scientistsagreeonthisresearch.

C.Thereisstillroomfbrimprovement.

D.Mosquitoesturnthemselvesagainstharmfulones.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Bacteria-infectedMosquitoesBiteDeadlyDengue

B.TransformMosquitoesintoAnnoyingBiters

C.FightAgainstMosquitoeswithWolbachia

D.HarmlessMosquitoesAreonTheirWay

参考答案：

l.D细节理解题。根据第二段尾句"Releasi