提单中英文简介

提单（billoflading）中英文简介简介提单（BillofLading,B/L）是由船长或承运人或承运人的代理人签发，证明收到特定货物，同意将货物运至特定目的地并交托于收货人的凭据。一、提单的作用1.提单是运输合同的证明2.提单是货物收条3.提单是物权凭据分类二、提单的分类按货物能否已装船划分1已装船提单（ShippedB/LoronBoardB/L（ReceivedforShipmentB/L）。

）。

2

收货待运提单2．按提单仰头划分1记名提单（StraightB/L

），又称收货人仰头提单。

2指示提单（OrderB/L）。3不记名提单（BlankB/LorOpenB/L

）。按无影响结汇的标注划分1洁净提单（CleanB/L）。2不洁净提单（FoulB/L）。4.按收费方式划分1运费预支提单(FreightPrepaidB/L)CollectB/L）。

。2

运费到付提单（Freight5.按船舶的经营方式划分1班轮提单(LinerB/L)

。2

租船提单（

CharterParthB/L

）。三、提单的缮制与签发1．托运人（Shipper）2．收货人（Consignee

）3．通知人（NotifyParty）4．前段运输（Pre-Carriageby

）5．收货地址(PlaceofReceipt)6．海运船舶及航次（OceanVesse）7．装货港（PortofLoading8．卸货港（PortofDischarge）9．交货地址（PlaceofDelivery10.唛头和号码、集装箱箱号和铅封号（Marks&Nos.、No.）

））11．集装箱数或件数（

NoofContainerorPkgs

）12．包装种类、货物名称（

KindofPackages

、DescriptionofGoods

）13．毛重（

GrossWeightkgs

）14．体积（

Measurement）15．运费和花费、付款地址及付款方式（Payableat、Pre-paid、Collect）

Freight&Charges

、Prepaidat

、16．提单号和正本提单份数（

B/LNo.

、

OriginalB(s)/L

）17．签单地址和日期（18．代表承运人署名（

PlaceandDateofIssueSignedfortheCarrier

））差别四、B/L与D/O的差别B/L：BILLOFLADING提单，是货物的物权凭据。D/O：DELIVERYORDER提货单，是目的港口提取货物时需要的凭据，不能够转让.货物上船以后，由船企业签发B/L给SHIPPER，SHIPPER将B/L转给CONSIGNEE，货物抵达港口，CONSIGNEE凭B/L去船企业换取D/O，凭D/O去港口提货。两者在货物提取以前有且只有一个留在货主手里，只可是

D/O不再是物权凭证，货主领取D/O以后，说明船企业已经把货物放给货主了。

BillofLading-IntroductionWhendiscussingBillsofLading,wemustdistinguishbetweenacarrierB/L(B/L)andaHouseB/L(HBL).PleaseseeseparatechapterforHBL.InMaerskLogistics,wedonotissuecarrierBillsofLading.OnlyOceanCarriers(alsoknownasVOCCsorshippinglines)canissueacarrierB/L.Intheolddays,theBillofLadingwasadocumentissuedbythecaptainofthevesselforgoodscarriedonboardhisvessel.Thisisnotpracticaltodaywhereinsteadthedocumentisissuedbyanagentactingonbehalfofthecaptain.MaerskSealand’sofficesaroundtheworldhavebeenempoweredtosignBillsofLadingonbehalfof“thecaptain”(theprincipalcarrier).BillofLading-IssuingPartyTheB/Lisissuedbyanoceancarrier,alsoknownasaVOCC(vessel-operatingcommoncarrier)orshippingline

（船企业，有船公共承运人）（航运企业）.MaerskSealand（马士基海陆有限企业）,beingaVOCC,issuesBs/Lforgoodsshippedonboardtheirvessels.BillofLading–FunctionsBasically,aBillofLadinghas3functions:Areceipt（收条）forthecargoAdocumentoftitleEvidenceofacontractofcarriage1.ReceiptforcargoTheB/Lisareceiptbythecarrierthatthegoodsareinhiscustody（保存）.TheB/Lactsasareceiptbetweentheshipperandthecarrieruntilsuchtimeastitlehasbeenpassedtoathirdparty(theconsignee).Thenitbecomesanindependentcontractbetweenthecarrierandthethirdparty.Thethirdpartyassumes（接收，担当）therights,responsibilitiesandobligationsidentical（同一的，完整同样的）tothoseoftheshipper.2.EvidenceofcontractofcarriageItiscommontoheartheB/Lreferredtoasthe‘contractofcarriage’.However,thecontractofcarriageisalwaystheunderlying（基本的）agreementbetweenthecarrierandthecustomertocarryhisgoods.TheB/Lismerelyevidenceofthis.TheB/Levidencesacontractofcarriagebetweentheoceancarrierandtheshipper/consigneeintheB/L.Alsosee:EvidenceofcontractofcarriageintheGlossary（词汇表）.3.DocumentofTitle（物权凭据，全部权凭据）AB/LisaDocumentofTitle.Thismeansthatthelegalright(thetitle)tothegoodscoveredbytheB/Lcanpassfromonepartytoanotherbymeansofendorsements（背书）(pleaseseeexplanationbelow).Thecarrierwillonlyreleasethegoodsatdestinationtoarightfulholderofadulyendorsed（提单能够适合背书）originalBillofLading.AtthetimetheB/Lisissued,theshipperwilladvisethecarrierwhotheB/Lshouldbeconsigned（交托）to-.whotheConsigneeontheB/Lis.TheshippercanchoosetoconsigntheB/Lindifferentways:a.Fullnameandaddressofanindividualorcompany“TOORDER”(ofshipper)“TOORDEROF[bank]”-example:ToorderofDubaiBank“TOORDEROF[company]”-example:ToorderofToyTraderLtd.“TOORDEROF[individual]”-example:ToorderofGaryJensen,Street,City“Toorder”meansthatthepartycantransfertheirrightsasconsigneetoanotherpartybyendorsingtheB/L.3a.EndorsementAnendorsementisasignature(andcompanystamp)ontheB/L(andpreferablyalsoaclearwrittenstatementthattheB/Lisbeingendorsedto“CompanyXYZ”).TheendorsementiswrittenontheoriginalB/LdocumentbythepartywhoisshownastheconsigneeontheB/Lbutnowwishestotransferthisrighttoanotherparty.WhenobtainingtheendorsedB/L,thenewconsigneenowassumesallrights,obligationsandresponsibilitiesthatwerepreviouslyvestedinthefirstconsignee.ThisalsoincludestherighttotransfertheB/LtoyetanotherpartybyaddinganewendorsementontheB/Ldocument.Inthisway,achainofendorsementsmaytakeplace.TheOceanCarrier（海运承运人）willchecktheendorsementsontheoriginalB/Ldocumentbeforereleasingthegoodsatdestination.Asyoucansee,itisnotalwaysthefirstconsignee(asprintedontheB/Lwhenitwasissued)thatactuallytakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.BecauseofthisfunctionadDocumentofTitle,aB/Lisoftenreferredtoasa“negotiable”（可转让的）documentbut“transferable”isactuallythemorecorrectterm.BillofLading-OriginalsandCopiesThefactthatthecarrierB/LfunctionsasDocumentofTitleplacesgreatimportanceontheB/Ldocument.Allpartiesinvolved(shipper,consigneeandcarrier)relyonthedocumenttodecidewhocantakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.ThecarrierwillnormallyprintaB/Ldocumentin3originalsandareasonablenumberofcopies.ItisonlyanOriginalB/Ldocumentthatcanbetransferredtoanotherparty.Thecopiesmaybepre-printed‘Copy’or‘Non-Negotiable’.Botharenon-transferable.Although3originalshavebeenissued,thecarrierwillreleasethegoodsatdestinationtowhoeverpresentsonedulyandproperlyendorsedoriginalB/LNowyoumaythink:“Butwhatiftheshipper（托运人，发货人，货主）andendorsestwooftheoriginalBs/Ltotwodifferentparties”

sellsthegoodstwiceThecarriermustexerciseduecaretocheckthattheB/Lisproperlyendorsedtothepartywhosubmits（提交）it.Ifthisisthecaseandthecarrierisingoodfaith,hecanreleasethegoods.Thechangeofownershipofthecargoisamatterbetweenthesellerandthebuyeronly.Thecarrierisnotinvolved.Ifthesellerhassoldthegoodstwice,itisamatterbetweenthesellerandthetwobuyers.BillofLading-Carrier’sresponsibilityThethreemainareasofresponsibilityofthecarrierunderaB/Lare:ResponsibilityforcorrectdescriptionofthegoodsResponsibilitytoreleasethegoodstotheproperlyentitledpartyattheproperlocation3.Responsibilitytocareforthecargowhileitisinthecarrier’scustody1.ResponsibilityforcorrectdescriptionofthegoodsAnythirdpartybuyermaypurchasegoodsbyrelyingonthedescriptionofthegoodsintheB/L(quantity,condition,etc.).ThedescriptionofthegoodsontheB/Lisusuallysuppliedbytheshipperorhisagent.(Thecarrierwillnotknowwhatisinsideacontainerorcartonpackedbytheshipper).Itishoweveressentialthatifthecarrierknowsthatthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipperisnotcorrect(forexamplethatcartonsaredamaged),thecarrierclearlynotesthediscrepancy（不符，相差）ontheB/LorrefusestoacceptthecargoandissuetheB/L.IfthecarrierdoesnotnotethediscrepancyontheB/L,thecarriershoes”oftheshipperandassumesresponsibility,onbehalfoftheshipper,tothebuyerofthegoods.Thismeansthatiftherewasadisputebetweenthecarrierandthebuyerofthegoods,thebuyercouldfileaclaimagainstthecarrier.Thecarrierwouldneedtofile

“stepsintotheclaimagainsttheshipperbutmaynotbeabletoprovethatthegoodswerenotreceivedasstatedintheB/L.ResponsibilitytoreleasethegoodstotheproperlyentitledpartyattheproperlocationWhoeverpresentsadulyandproperlyendorsedB/Latthecorrectdestinationisentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoods.ThecarrierreceivingaB/Landbeingsatisfiedthattheproperendorsementisinplace,whenreleasingthegoods,isrelievedofanyresponsibilityshoulditlaterappearthattheB/Lholderwasinfactnottheproperreceiver.ThecarriermustofcoursealsoensurethatthepersonwhosubmitstheB/Landtakedeliveryofthegoodsisarepresentativeoftheconsignee.anemployeeoranagentofthecompanytowhomtheB/Lhasbeenconsigned).ReleaseofthecargowithoutreceiptofaproperlyendorsedB/Lcompromisesthecarrier’sresponsibilitytowardsthetrueownerofthegoods.Thismayexposethecarriertounlimitedliability（责任）inclusive（包含）ofconsequential(间接的)damages.Inotherwords,thecarriermayberequiredtocompensate（补偿）therightfulconsigneenotonlyforthevalueofthegoodsbutpotentiallyalsoforadditionalcostssuchaslossofsalesprofits.IfthecarrierisindoubtaboutwhotherightfulowneroftheB/Lis,.becausetherehasbeenachainofendorsementsandthecarrierisnotfamiliarwithallsignaturesandstampsoftheintermediateconsignees,thecarriershouldinprinciplecontactthesepartiestocheck.Thecarriermaycanalsocontacttheshipperand/orthenotify（通知）partyontheB/Ltoheartheirviews.2a.ReleaseatdifferentdestinationIfthereleaseofthegoodsisrequestedatadestinationdifferentfromtheonementionedontheB/L,thecarriershouldfirstreceivethefullsetofBs/L(alloriginals)fortheparticularshipment.ThefullsetofanissuedB/Lhasanintendeddestination.SincereleaseispossibleagainstanyoneoftheBillsofLadinginaset,thenonlybyreceivingalltheissuedoriginalscanthecarrierassurehimselfthatnootherlawfulholderofanoriginalB/LcanpresenttheB/LattheB/Ldestinationandrightfullyclaimtitletothegoods.2b.ReleaseofgoodswithoutoriginalB/LorissuanceofanewsetofBillsItisacriticalsituationwhenthefullsetoforiginalBillsarelost.ByreleasingthegoodswithoutobtainingadulyendorsedoriginalB/L,thecarrierwillexposethemselvestounlimitedliability,incl.consequentialdamages,incasearightfulholderoftheB/Llaterturnsupandexpectstoreceivethecargo.Ontheotherhand,theconsigneemayinfactbethelegalownerofthegoodsafterhavingpaidtheshipperandthecarrierwillbeunderpressurefromtheconsigneetoreleasethegoodsassoonaspossible.Insuchasituation,thecarrierwilltypicallyaskboththeshipperandtheconsigneetoconfirmthattheyagreetotheissuanceofanewsetofbillsorreleaseofgoodswithoutthebills.Inaddition,thepartywhohasaskedforanewsetofbills(theshipperortheconsignee),orhasaskedtohavethegoodsreleased(theconsignee),isaskedtosignaLetterofIndemnity(LOI)andthismustbebackedupbyafirstclassbankguaranteewhichisvalidforaminimumof6yearsorwhatevertheB/Lfilingperiodisinthatcountry.Theprocessmustbeapprovedandreleasesignedoffbyappropriatemanagement.Itisacommercialdecisionbythecarrierwhethertheywillreleasethegoodsonthisbasisornot.tocareforthecargowhileinthecarrier’scustodyThedutyofcareofthegoodsisbothregulatedinlawandisbasedoncommonsense.IfthegoodsarrivedamagedatdestinationandnonotehasbeenmadeontheB/Lregardingtheconditionofthecargo,itisthecarrier’sresponsibility.Ifthecarrierwantstoclaimagainsttheshipper,itisthecarrier’sresponsibilitytoprovethatthegoodswerenotdamagedwhileinhiscustody.BillofLading–AmendmentWhenashipperrequestsanamendmenttoaB/Lwhichhasalreadybeenprintedandissued,thecarriermustmakeajudgmentoftherequestanddecideiftheB/Lcanbeamendedaccordingly.ThecarriermustensurethatthefullsetoforiginalBs/Larereturned(if3originalswereissued,3originalsshouldbereturnedforamendment)andensurethatthedescriptionofthegoodsisstillcorrect.IfashipperrequestsacompletelynewsetofBs/L,thisisconsideredanamendmentandthefullsetoforiginalsmustbesurrendered.Iftheshipperorconsigneeisnotabletoproducethefullsetoforiginals,thecarriershouldnotissueanew?set.Ifthecustomerinsists,thecarriermustmakeajudgmentofthecommercialriskandmaydecidethatanewsetcanbeissued.Insuchcase,thefirstsetofBs/Lwillbeconsideredlost.Youmustensuretochecklocalproceduresforthis.BillofLading-CargoDescriptionCargodescriptionThetransportprovidercannotphysicallyverifythecontentsofthecartonsandpackagesreceivedfromtheshipper.Forlegalreasons,thedescriptionofthegoodsmustthereforealwaysincludethewording“SaidToContain”or“tosignifythatthetransportproviderisrelyingonthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipper.Example:1020cartonsofCDplayers.Ifthecarrierknowsthatthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipperisnotcorrect(forexamplethatcartonsaredamaged),thecarriershouldnotethediscrepancyontheB/LorrefusetoacceptthecargoandissuetheB/L.No.ofpackagesIfcargoislostduringtransit,itisthenumberofunitsasstatedinthe“no.ofpkgsfieldthatwillbeusedforcalculationofpotentialcompensationtotheowner.Forthisreason,thisfieldshouldalwaysreflectthesmallestnumberofshippingunits.Example1(FCLcontainer):“1x20’STD”insteadof“500cartons”.Example2(LCLshipment):pallets”insteadof“50cartons”.

”“5ClausesThetransportprovidershouldinserttheclause

“Shipper

’sload,stowandcount

”

ifthecustomerisloadingthecontainerathispremises.“Shippedonboard”mustonlybeusedwhenthedocumentisissuedaftervesselsailing.Ifthecustomerwantsthedocumentissuedbeforevesselsailing,theclause“Receivedforshipment”isusedinstead.Mostcarrierswillnotinserttheclause“Cleanonboard”ontheBill.EvenforLCL-shipmentswheretheyarephysicallyhandlingthecartons,theycannotcheckthequalityandconditionofthemerchandiseinsidethecartons.CleanB/LwithoutnotationsofdamagesorshortcomingsThebuyerorthebank(LetterofCredit)sometimesdemandsaso-called“cleanB/L”whichmeansaB/Lwithoutanynotesofdamagesorshortcomingsatthetimeofloading.Thissometimescreatesproblemsbetweenthecarrierandtheshipper,whoinspiteofdamageorotherdiscrepancytothecargowantstheshippinglinetoincorrectlyissuea“CleanB/L

”againstaletterofindemnityfromtheshipperorabankguarantee.SuchindemnitiesarenotallowedundertheinternationalconventionsthatgovernsBs/Landifbroughttocourtwillnotbeupheld.Thereforethecarriershouldnotissue“Clean”Bs/Lifthisisnotthecorrectcargodescription.24-hourmanifestrule(U.S.customs)Youmayhaveheardaboutthe24-hourmanifestruleestablishedby.Customsanditsrequirementsregardingdescriptionofgoods-forexamplethat“isnotallowedandthatthecargodescriptionmustbeveryspecific.“generalmerchandise”andothergeneralcargodescriptionsarenotallowed).Forthepurposeoftransportdocumentation,youshouldbeawarethatthe.Customsrulesrelatetothevesselmanifest,nottheprintedBillofLadingorWaybilldocument.Thevesselmanifestisusedforcustomspurposes.TheprintedBillorWaybillisusedforlegalandcommercialpurposes.BillofLading-DocumentDateThedateoftheB/Lmustbethedateonwhichitisactuallyissued,irrespectiveofthedatethecargowasreceivedorloaded,howevernotearlierthanthedatethecargowasreceivedorloadedrespectively.Fora“ShippedonBoard”B/L,thedatecannotbeearlierthanthedatethecargowasactuallyloadedonboardthefirstvesselorconveyancementionedinthedocument.Fora“ReceivedforShipment”B/L,thedatecannotbeearlierthanthedatethecargowasactuallyreceivedattheplaceofreceiptorloadportmentionedinthedocument.Sometimes,ashipperwillrequestacarriertoissuetheB/Lwithearlierorlaterdatesinordertocomplywithtimerestrictionsintheshipper’buyer.BillofLading-FreightpaymentThechargespayableatorigin(usuallybytheshipper)arecalled

“prepaid

”.Thechargespayableatdestination(usuallybytheconsignee)arecalled

“collect

”.Inordertosecurepayment,thecarrierwillusuallynotreleasetheoriginalB/Ldocumenttotheshipperbeforehehaspaidallprepaidcharges.Atdestination,thecarrierwillusuallynotreleasethegoodsuntilallfreightchargesarepaid(evenwhenadulyendorsedB/Lispresented).Itisacommercialdecisionbythecarrierwhethertheywishtogranttheshipperand/orconsigneecredit.Ifcredithasbeengranted,thecarrierwillreleasethegoodsandexpectthefreightandothercoststobepaidwithintheagreedtime.Theshipperisresponsibleforadvisingthecarrierwhichchargesareprepaidandcollect.Ifthecarrierisindoubtwhethertheconsigneewillpayforthecollectcharges,hemaycheckwiththeconsigneebeforeacceptingtheshipment.Insomeareasoftheworld,fromwherethereisagreatriskand/orcostforthecarriertoshipcargo,thecarriermayrequirethatallchargesareprepaid.?BillofLading–FilingAftercollectingtheoriginalB/Landreleasingthegoods,thecarriershouldstamptheoriginalB/L“accomplished”(orsimilar).ThecarriermustthenfiletheoriginalB/Lforatleast6yearsaccordingtointernationalanddomesticregulations.Locallegislationmayrequirealongerfilingperiod.BillofLading-WhyusethisdocumentWhenbuyinggoodsinternationally,thereisadistancebetweenthebuyerandtheseller.Theexchangeofgoodsandthepaymentforthegoodsthereforecannottakeplaceatthesametime.Thesellerwantstoensurethathedoesnottransferownershipofthegoodswithoutreceivingpayment,andthebuyerwantstomakesurethathedoesnotpaywithoutgettingownershipofthegoodsthathewasexpecting.ThesellerusestheB/Lasproofthathehasdeliveredthegoodsforshipmentattheagreedplace.TheB/LalsoconfirmsthequantityandapparentconditionofthegoodsintheB/L.WhenaB/Lisissued(adocumentoftitle),thecarrierwillonlyreleasethegoodsatdestinationtothepartywhocanpresentanoriginalB/Lthatcoversthegoods.TheB/Lbecomesthe“keytothecargo”.Whenthebuyerhaspaidforthegoods,thesellerwilltransfertheoriginalBs/Ltothebuyer.Ifthebuyerdoesnotpayforthegoods,thesellercankeeptheoriginalBs/Landinthiswaycontrolthatthebuyerdoesnotreceivethegoodsfromthecarrier.(Insomecases,thebuyerwillrequiretoreceivetheoriginalsbeforepaying).IncaseswherethepaymentforthegoodsisfacilitatedbyabankthroughaLetterofCredit,thebankatoriginmayrequirethattheyobtaintitletothegoodsintheperiodbetweenpayingthesellerandobtainingpaymentfromthebuyerorthebuyer’sbank.ThisiswhytheB/Lissometimesconsigned“toorderof[bank]”.Ifithappenedthatthebuyercouldnotpayforthegoodsafterall,thebankwouldbeabletorecoversomeoftheirlossbysellingthegoods.Inothercases,theB/Lisusedbecausegoodsaresoldduringtransitandthereisaneedtohaveanegotiable/transferabledocumenttocovertheshipment.TheoriginalconsigneewillendorsetheB/Ltothenewconsigneewhocanthenobtainreleaseofthegoods.ItisimportanttonotethatalthoughtheB/Lisusedtofacilitatethepaymentofgoodsbetweensellerandbuyer,thecarrierdoesNOTtakepartinthechange?ofownershipofgoods.Thisisonlyamatterbetweenthesellerandthebuyer.ThecarrierfollowstherulesandobligationsasstatedintheB/Landcontractofcarriage(shipsandreleasesgoodsinaccordanceherewith).BillofLading-theroleofMaerskLogisticsInMaerskLogisticswedonotissuecarrierBillsofLading.However,weworkwiththecarrierseitheronbehalfoftheclients(whenweareactingasagentsonbehalfoftheshipperortheconsigneeandthecustomerhasagreedfreightratesandothertermsandconditionsdirectlywiththecarrier)orascustomers(whenweareactingasNVOCCandhavesub-contractedourshipmentstothecarrier).Scenario1:ActingasagentonbehalfofashipperorconsigneeWhenactingasagentonbehalfofourcustomers,thecarrierB/Levidencesacontractofcarriagebetweenthecarrierandourcustomer.MaerskLogisticsisnotapartytothecontractundertheB/Lalthoughweareperformingfreightforwardingservicesonbehalfofourclient.Inthisscenario,weusuallybookthecargowiththecarrierchosenbyourcustomer,arrangecontainerstobeloaded/consolidatedandbroughttothecarrier’sterminal,co-ordinatetheissuanceofdocumentsandcheckthedocumentsissuedbythecarrier.Wemayalsopaythecarrierchargesonbehalfofourcustomerandinvoicehimaccordingly.Atdestination,wemayco-ordinatethereleaseanddeliveryofthecontainerandarrangecustomsclearanceonbehalfofourclient.Scenario2:ActingasNVOCCWhenactingasNVOCC,MaerskLogisticsisthecustomerofthecarrier.Wethereforebookourshipmentswiththecarrier,