计算机专业英语（第3版）-练习及情境对话 课件 4.6 Reading and Comparing（对照阅读）VIP

对照阅读ReadingandComparing计算机专业英语chapterfour

SoftwareMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?TheGNUOperatingSystem计算机专业英语GNU操作系统TheGNUProjectwaslaunchedin1984todevelopacompleteUNIXlikeoperatingsystemwhichisfreesoftware:TheGNUsystem(GNUisarecursiveacronymfor“GNU’sNotUNIX”);itispronouncedguh-noo,likecanoe.VariantsoftheGNUoperatingsystem,whichusethekernelLinux,arenowwidelyused;thoughthesesystemsareoftenreferredtoas“Linux”,theyaremoreaccuratelycalledGNU/Linuxsystems.GNU工程开始于1984年，它的目标是开发一个完整的类UNIX操作系统的免费软件：GNU系统（GNU是递归的“GNU’sNotUNIX”的首字母缩写），它的发音为guh-noo，像canoe的音。现在，许多广泛使用的GNU操作系统都使用了Linux内核；这些系统经常被称为“Linux”，然而更准确的叫法应该是“GNU/Linux”系统。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?TheGNUOperatingSystem计算机专业英语GNU操作系统TheFreeSoftwareFoundation(FSF)istheprincipalorganizationalsponsoroftheGNUProject.FSFreceivesverylittlefundingfromcorporationsorgrant-makingfoundations,butrelysonsupportfromindividualslikeyou.自由软件基金会（FSF）就是GNU工程的主要组织者和发起人。自由软件基金会从公司或发展基金会只能得到很少的资金，主要依靠的是个人（比如你）的支持。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?TheGNUOperatingSystem计算机专业英语GNU操作系统WesupporttheFSF’smissiontopreserve,protectandpromotethefreedomtouse,study,copy,modify,andredistributecomputersoftware,andtodefendtherightsofFreeSoftwareusers.Wesupportthefreedomsofspeech,press,andassociationontheInternet,therighttouseencryptionsoftwareforprivatecommunication,andtherighttowritesoftwareunimpededbyprivatemonopolies.我们支持自由软件基金会的任务就是保持、保护和促进软件自由地使用、研究、复制、修改和重新发布，保护自由软件用户的权利。我们支持互联网上的言论、评论和社团自由，支持私人通信使用加密软件的权利，支持不受私营垄断者影响的软件开发权利。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?WeMustTalkaboutFreedom计算机专业英语我们必须谈一谈自由了EstimatingthattodaytherearemillionsandmillionsusersofGNU/LinuxsystemssuchasDebianGNU/LinuxandRedHatLinux.Freesoftwarehasdevelopedsuchpracticaladvantagesthatusersareflockingtoitforpurelypracticalreasons.估计当今有数千万的用户使用诸如DebianGNU/Linux和RedHatLinux的GNU/Linux系统。自由软件已经发挥出了这样实用的优势，使得用户纯粹为了实用原因而聚集到它身边。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?WeMustTalkaboutFreedom计算机专业英语我们必须谈一谈自由了Thegoodconsequencesofthisareevident:moreinterestindevelopingfreesoftware,morecustomersforfreesoftwarebusinesses,andmoreabilitytoencouragecompaniestodevelopcommercialfreesoftwareinsteadofproprietarysoftwareproducts.这种现象的优势很明显：更多开发自由软件的兴趣，更多自由软件商业的用户，以及更有利于鼓励公司开发商业自由软件而不是私有软件产品。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?WeMustTalkaboutFreedom计算机专业英语我们必须谈一谈自由了Butinterestinthesoftwareisgrowingfasterthanawarenessofthephilosophyitisbasedon,andthisleadstotrouble.Ourabilitytomeetthechallengesandthreatsdescribedabovedependsonthewilltostandfirmlyforfreedom.Tomakesureourcommunityhasthiswill,weneedtospreadtheideatothenewusersastheycomeintothecommunity.但是对软件的兴趣增长快于对其所基于的哲学的了解，这带来了麻烦。我们应对上述挑战和威胁的能力依赖于坚决主张自由的意志。为了确定我们的社团拥有这个意志，我们需要在新的用户来到社团时向他们传播这样的思想。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?WeMustTalkaboutFreedom计算机专业英语我们必须谈一谈自由了Butwearefailingtodoso:Theeffortstoattractnewusersintoourcommunityarefaroutstrippingtheeffortstoteachthemthecivicsofourcommunity.Weneedtodoboth,andweneedtokeepthetwoeffortsinbalance.但是我们没有做到这一点：吸引新用户加入社团的努力大大超越了教育他们成为我们社团的好公民的努力。我们需要做这两件事，而且我们也需要保持这两种努力的平衡。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?“OpenSource”计算机专业英语“开放源码”Teachingnewusersaboutfreedombecamemoredifficultin1998whenapartofthecommunitydecidedtoreplacetheterm“freesoftware”with“opensourcesoftware”.Somewhofavoredthistermaimedtoavoidtheconfusionof“free”with“gratis”—avalidgoal.1998年，社团的一部分决定停止使用术语“自由软件”，改为使用“开放源码软件”，教导新用户有关自由的观念变得更加困难。一些喜欢该术语的人意欲避免“自由”与“白送”的混淆——这是一个正当的目标。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?“OpenSource”计算机专业英语“开放源码”Others,however,aimedtosetasidethespiritofprinciplethathadmotivatedthefreesoftwaremovementandtheGNUproject,andtoappealinsteadtoexecutivesandbusinessusers,manyofwhomholdanideologythatplacesprofitabovefreedom,abovecommunity,aboveprinciple.Thus,therhetoricof“opensource”focusesonthepotentialtomakehighquality,powerfulsoftware,butshunstheideasoffreedom,community,andprinciple.可是其他人，打算将激励了自由软件运动和GNU工程的原则精神抛到一边，反而迎合行政和商业用户，而这些用户中的许多人持有一种将利润置于自由、社团和原则之上的意识形态。因而，“开放源码”将关注点集中在制作高质量，强有力软件的潜能上，但是避开自由、社团以及原则的思想。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?“OpenSource”计算机专业英语“开放源码”The“Linux”magazinesareaclearexampleofthis—theyarefilledwithadvertisementsforproprietarysoftwarethatworkswithGNU/Linux.WhenthenextMotiforQtappears,willthesemagazineswarnprogrammerstostayawayfromit,orwilltheyrunadsforit?《Linux》杂志就是一个明显的例子——充斥着与GNU/Linux合作运行的私有软件广告。当下一个Motif或Qt出现时，这些杂志是警告程序员们远离它呢，还是为它登载广告呢？MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?“OpenSource”计算机专业英语“开放源码”Thesupportofbusinesscancontributetothecommunityinmanyways;allelsebeingequal,itisuseful.Butwinningtheirsupportbyspeakingevenlessaboutfreedomandprinciplecanbedisastrous;itmakestheprevious