2023-2024学年人教版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters知识点+练习 学案

Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriodIListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinkingrescuen.营救；救援名词短语：__________the/one’srescue搭救某人；救助某人动词短语：rescue..._________...从......中拯救......答案：cometo;from练习：Finallythey__________(rescue)byhelicopter.Ittookthefirefighters5hourstorescuetheboy________thewell.Awealthybusinessmancameto_________(they)rescuewithagenerousdonation.答案：wererescued;from;theirdamagen.损坏；损失；损害赔偿金v.损害；破坏______/________damageto...对......造成伤害答案：do;cause练习：Theaccidentcausedsomedamage________mycar,butit’snothingserious.Smokingseriously_________(damage)yourhealth.Severalcars_________(damage)incrashwhichhappenedlastnight.Hisdoctortoldmethathisnerves___________(damage)andhewasunconscious（昏迷的）.Actually,severedamage___________(do)toourlandisfairlyrecentinthehistoryofourevolution（进化）.答案：to;damages;weredamaged;weredamaged/hadbeendamaged;donedestroyvt.摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破灭____________n.[U]摧毁；毁灭；破坏____________adj.造成破坏的；毁灭性的destroyone’s____________/____________/___________摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰答案：destruction;destructive;confidence;hope;faith易混词：destroy,damage与ruindestroyv.指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或难以修复。damage可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。作名词表示抽象的“损害；破坏”时，为不可数名词。ruin可以作动词也可以作名词，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，多用于比喻用法中；它有时还泛指一般意义上的“毁坏”。作名词时常构成短语：fallintoruin/lieinruins“严重破损；破损不堪”练习：Thewholevillage___________(destroy)inthesuddenflood,leavingnothingtothenativepeople.Thousandsofhouses___________(damage)bythestorm,andtherepairworkwouldlasthalfamonth.Mynewwhitedresswastotally_________(ruin)bythedirtywater.Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbeenbroughtaboutbythe_________(destroy)oftherainforests.答案：wasdestroyed;weredamaged;ruinedaffectv.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感动；使悲伤（或怜悯）；使（某人）深有感触____________n.喜爱；钟爱_____________n.影响名词短语：haveanaffection______喜爱......haveaneffect______对......产生影响答案：affection;effect;for;on练习：Alcoholhasaverybad__________ondrivers.Theirobjectionwillnot_________mydecision.Cancer_________hislungsandbroughthislifetoanend.答案：effect;affect;affectedsheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)_____________adj.备受呵护的；免遭恶劣天气影响的名词短语：________shelter________ 躲避……_______/_________shelter_______ 寻找地方躲避……________sb.shelter 庇护某人_________theshelterofsth.在......的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下动词短语：sheltersb./sth.________... 保护某人/某物以避免……shelter__________sth. 躲避某物答案：sheltered;under;of;lookfor/seekfrom;give;from;from练习：Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkids________everykindofdanger.Sheusedanumbrellatotakeshelter________theburningsun.Wesatintheshade,_________(shelter)fromthesun.Mymother,whohada__________(shelter)upbringing（抚育）,hasfantasticmemoriesofchildhood.Hemanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoshelterhim________badweather.答案：from;from;sheltering;sheltered;fromruinn.[C]废墟（pl.ruins）[U]破坏；毁坏；破产v.毁掉；使破产名词短语：_____/____________ruins严重受损；破败不堪动词短语：ruinone'shope使某人的希望破灭ruinone'shealth损害某人的健康ruinoneself自我毁灭答案：lie/be;in练习：Yesterdayaheavyrain___________(ruin)ourpicnic.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodin________.Atthattimemywife________(ruin)herhealththroughworry.答案：ruined;ruins;wasruininginshock吃惊shockvt.（使）震惊；（使）气愤；愤慨n.[U]休克；震惊[C]令人震惊的事；点击____________adj.吃惊的；震惊的____________adj.令人气愤的；令人震惊的形容词短语：beshocked_____/______ 对……吃惊beshockedthat 对……感到震惊beshocked_________sth. 做某事很吃惊答案：shocked;shocking;at;by;todo练习：用shock的适当形式填空They___________byherrudenessatyesterday’sparty.The_______news___________everyoneofusatthatmoment.Allthepeoplepresentfelt___________atthe_________accident.答案：wereshocked;shocking;shocked;shocked;shockingthenumberof……的数目anumberof很多；许多在number之前可加large,small,great,good等表示程度的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式thenumberof……的数目修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式练习：1）对比填空(anumberof,thenumberof)①_________________________studentswereabsentfromthemeeting.②Asaconsequence,__________________polarbearsisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.2）用所给动词的适当形式填空③Thenumberofundergraduates_______________(increase)overtheyears.④Agoodnumberofbooksinthemarket______(be)stillexamination­oriented.答案：Anumberof;thenumberof;hasincreased;are9.trapvt.（trapped;trapped）使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.圈套；困境；（捕捉动物的）夹子，罗网，陷阱be/gettrapped______/_______困在……中；陷在……中trapsb._______(doing)sth. 诱使某人做某事_______atrapfor 给……设圈套______________atrap 落入圈套/陷阱答案：in;on;into;set;fallinto练习：Becauseofthegreenhouseeffecttheearthiswarmedbygases______(trap)intheatmosphere.Theseincidentsledsomescientiststodevelopwaystokeepthecostlyrobotsfrom__________(trap)inthesand.答案：trapped;beingtrappedburyvt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏___________n.埋葬；葬礼bury...______/_______... 把……埋藏在……beburied_____埋头于；专心于buryoneself_____埋头于；专心致志于；隐居在buryone'sface/headinhands _________________答案：burial;in;at;in;in;双手抱头；掩面练习：He__________(bury)himselfinthecountrytowriteabooklastyear.Ourdogoften_________(bury)itsbonesinthegarden.Oncethehouse__________(bury)undertenfeetofsnow.Hewalkedslowly,hishands________(bury)inhispockets.Herheadwasburied_______thebookwhileshewasreading.Intheeveningsheburied__________(he)inhisbooks.答案：buried；buries；wasburied;buried;in;himselfbreathevi.&vt.呼吸____________n.呼吸；气息____________adj.气喘吁吁的____________adv.气喘吁吁地____________adj.令人惊叹的；惊人的动词短语：breathe_____/______吸气/呼气名词短语：_______one’sbreath恢复正常呼吸_______one’sbreath屏住呼吸be__________breath喘不过气来takeone’sbreathaway_______________abreathofair/wind_______________答案：breath;breathless;breathlessly;breathtaking;in;out;catch;hold;outof;令某人惊叹；一丝微风练习：Thereisn’ta____________(breathe)ofwindtoday.Itisgood_____________(breathe)infreshairinsteadofcitysmoke.Hewas__________(breathe)heavilyafterchasingthebus.Heavysmokingmakeshim___________(breath).Thenewmanagerhas___________(breathe)freshlifeintothecompany.Hehasgreatdifficultyincatching_________(he)breath.Shewasoutof__________(breathe)fromclimbingthestairs.Thedoctortoldmetobreathe_________andthenbreatheoutslowly.答案：breath;tobreathe;breathing;breathless;breathed;his;breath;ineffortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力makeefforts努力；尽力makeefforts/anefforttodosth.（尽一切）努力做某事suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；遭受；变差______________n.[C]受难者；患者______________n.[C,U]（身体/精神上的）痛苦（作可数名词时常用复数）经受痛苦：___________________遭受失败：_________________蒙受巨大损失：________________________心脏病发作：__________________________suffer______遭受；患......病；因......而痛苦答案：sufferer;suffering;sufferpain;sufferadefeat;sufferhugelosses;sufferaheartattack;from练习：Thewarhascausedterrible___________tothelocalpeople.Shereceivedmanylettersofsupportfromfellow___________.Shortlyafter_________fromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.Youhavenofeelingforthe__________ofothers.He_________headinjuriesinaroadaccident.答案：suffering;sufferers;suffering;sufferings;suffered长难句Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!asif的用法意为“仿佛；好像”，与asthough同义，可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。asif/asthough引导表语从句，主语中的系动词常用look,appear,seem,sound等。Itsoundsasif/asthoughyouhadagoodtime.asif/asthough引导方式状语从句Irememberedthewholethingasif/asthoughithappenedyesterday.3）asif还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/mightdo1）Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasiftheyneverexisted.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。2）ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？3）Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴好像要说些什么。练习：①HetreatsmeasifI_________(be)hisowndaughter.②Theytalkedasif/thoughthey______________(be)friendsforyears.③Itseemsasif_____________________________________________.噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。答案：were;hadbeen;thenoisecamefromupstairs.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.“主语+系动词+表语+todo”结构在此结构中，表语一般为性质形容词，常见的性质形容词有easy,hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,light,pleasant,good,nice,comfortable,dangerous,impossible等。此句型可转换成“It+be+adj.+动词不定式”的结构。注意：在该结构中，当动词不定式或句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式表示被动意义。Heisnoteasytogetalongwith.=Itisnoteasytogetalongwithhim.Thebookisveryinterestingtoread.=Itisveryinterestingtoreadthebook.当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositon.=Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositonthechair.练习：Thismachineisveryeasy___________(operate).Anyonecanlearntouseitinafewminutes.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable___________(hold).Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood___________(breather).Thenoiseoutsideishardtoputup____________.___________isunfittodrinkthewaterinthiswell.答案：tooperate;tohold;tobreathe;with;ItSoonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soliderstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.常接动词不定式作宾补的动词advise，allow，ask，command（命令），encourage，invite，persuade（说服），prefer，tell练习：Firstofall,pleaseallowme_____________(introduce)myselftoyou.Tom’sbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshim___________(study)hardandgotocollege.TheChairmanthoughtitnecessarytoinviteatthemeeting.答案：tointroduce;tostudy;tospeakPeriodIIDiscoveringUsefulStructure&ListeningandTalkingsupplyn.[C]供应（量）；储备；（复数）补给品，必需品[U]供应；供给v.提供；供应______________n.供应商in______supply供应短缺supplysb______sth.给某人提供某物supplysth______sb提供某物给某人be________/________suppliedwithsth.某物供应充足/不足答案：supplier;short;with;to;well;poorly练习：Apipelinehasbeenbuilt___________(supply)someeasternprovinceswithnaturalgasfromthewestofChina.Wateris_________shortsupply,pollutionisworsening,andthereisnoaffordablehousingleftforthemtobuy.Thebrainrequiresconstant___________(supply)ofoxygen.Theloungewaswellsupplied___________ashtrays.答案：tosupply;in;supply;withsurvivevt.幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比......活（或存在）的时间长vi.生存；存活；继续存在___________n.幸存者；生还者___________n.[U]幸存[C]残余物；幸存物survive_______依靠......生存下来答案：survivor;survival;on练习：AsfarasIknow,hesurvived_______asmallbottleofwaterinthedesert.Inthetrafficaccident,the__________(survive)wereallbadlyinjured.Ifcancersarespottedearly,there’sahighchanceof____________(survive).Herparentsdiedintheaccident,butshe__________(survive).Noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrights_________(survive).答案：on;survivors;survival;survived;tosurvivecalmadj.镇静的；沉着的；（海洋、湖泊等）风平浪静的；（天气）无风的v.（使）镇静；（使）平静__________adv.镇定地；沉着地__________n.平静；镇定形容词短语：________/_________/_________保持冷静动词短语：calm(sb)_________（使某人）安静下来；（使某人）平静下来答案：calmly;calmness;keep;remain;stay;down练习：Allthingstheregavehimsfeelingofsecurityand__________(calm).Everyonemustthinkthissituationthrough_________(calm)andcoolly.Somepeoplesaysoftmusic__________(calm)ournerves（神经）.Hewasveryexcited,anditwaslongbeforehe_________(calm)down.Neverhaveadrinkortakedrugstocalmyourself__________.答案：calmness;calmly;calms;calmed;down易混辨析：calm，quite，still与silent易混词用法calm指湖泊、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态；指人镇静或不慌张；还可以指地点、时期、情况等是平静的或稳定的。quiet指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境；指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。still主要指完全无动作，通常用于表示物理上的静止，不表示心理上的平静。silent着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。练习：You’dbetterkeep_________aboutthisanddon’ttellanyoneelse.Helivesa________lifeinthecountry.Pleasesit________whenItakeyourphoto.Afterthestormtheseawas___________.答案：silent/quiet;quiet;still;calmaidn.援助；帮助；救援物资；援助款项v.帮助；援助名词短语：give______aid进行急救_______theaidof在......的帮助下______/_______tosb’said=_______/_______totheaidofsb.帮助某人_____aidofsb./sth.为了帮助某人/某事动词短语：aidsb____(doing)sth.帮助某人（做）某事aidsbtodosth.帮助某人做某事aidsb_______sth.在某方面帮助某人答案：first;with;come;go;come;go;in;in;with练习：Alargecrowdcame_______theaidoftheinjured.Adictionarycanaidus_________learninganewlanguage._________theaidofthelocalguide,wefinallymadeitoutofthejungle.Theneighboursareplanningaconcert_______aidofthechurchrepairs.答案：to;in;With;inPeriodIIIReadingforWritingsweep（swept，swept）v.打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行___________n.清洁工；清扫机器sweep______打扫；清扫sweep_______消灭；摧毁；彻底消除sweep______/________/_________扫视；掠过sweep_______扫过；掠过；风行答案：sweeper;up;away;over;across;around;throughstrikevi.&vt.（struck，struck/stricken）____________n.前锋突然发生（某种不幸）；（灾难、疾病等）侵袭常用搭配：bestruck______被......侵袭碰撞；撞击攻击；突然袭击strike______朝......打去strike______回击；反击（使）突然想起；（使）突然想到_____________________________________=Itoccurstosbthat...使某人突然想起（摩擦）打（火花）；划；击出（火星）、（时钟）敲，鸣，响v.&n.罢工be______strike在罢工go_____strike举行罢工答案：striker;by;at;back;Itstrikessbthat;on;on练习：Thetowerofthechurch__________(strike)bylightinglastnight.Theelectricityworkershavebeen________strikeforseveralweeks.Hefell,hishead_________(strike)onthetable.答案：wasstruck;on;strikingdelivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表___________n.传递；传送deliversth._____...把某物投递/传送/运送到……deliversb._____...把某人从……中解救出来delivera_________/_________发表演讲答案：delivery;to;from;speech;addresseffectn.影响；结果；效果；效应；作用___________v.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动___________adj.有效的；实际的____________adj.无效的____________adv.有效地；实际地常用搭配：havean/no/much/littleeffect_______...对......有/没有/有很大/几乎没有影响_______andeffect因果（关系）sideeffect(s)_________________________effect开始起作用；见效takeeffect/comeintoeffect生效答案：affect;effective;ineffective;effectively;on;cause;