高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点02 阅读理解之推断题（含解析）

查补易混易错02阅读理解之推断题新高考卷全国卷2022202120222021卷I卷II卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷细节理解题67888865推理判断题75555368词义猜测题12111111主旨大意题11111321题型特点推理判断题需要考生根据文章的字面意思，通过对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示的分析，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。解答该类题目时一定要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的生活常识，切忌脱离原文主观臆断。正确选项特征1.“立足原文，只推一步”根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2.一般不用表示绝对概念的词，如：only,never,all,absolutely等；会用一些意义相对宽泛、有余地的词，如：often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。干扰选项特征1.选项的内容是原文信息的简单重复。2.选项的内容虽在文中提到，但片面或不完整，甚至推理过头，引申过度。3.选项的内容符合常识，但无法由原文推断得出此结论。4.原文中作者只是客观地陈述事实，并未作出评论，干扰项内容加入了主观臆断。常见设问方式考查角度(l)Whatcanweinferabout…?(2)Whatdoestheauthorindicate/suggest/implyin…?推断隐含意义What'sthepurposeofthepassage?(3)What'sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?(2)Whatwastheauthor'sinitialpurposeof.…?(4)Whydoestheauthormention…?推断写作意图(l)What'sthewriter's/×'sattitudetowards…?(3)Howdoestheauthorfeelabout…?(2)What'stheauthor's/×'sopinionon/about…?(4)Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudeto.…?推断观点态度(1)Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?(3)Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythis(2)Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?textappear?推断文章出处Whatwillmostprobablybetalkedaboutinthe(2)Whatwouldthenextparagraphmostnextparagraphofthepassage?probablydealwith?推断段落发展方法1针对特定细节信息进行推理此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，根据文章中的关键信息进行推断就可以作出正确的判断。【全国Ⅱ2020·D】]Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.D.Casual.C.Inseparable.【解析】根据本段第三句…readinguptothreebooksadayasachild..以及第四句Storieswerelikeairtome..可知,孩童时期的作者和书是形影不离的。cooperative意为“合作的”;uneasy意为“不自在的”;inseparable意为“不可分离的;亲密无间的”;casual意为“漫不经心的;随便的”。故选C项。方法2整合全文(段)信息进行推断做推理判断题时，有时需要在弄懂全文或全段意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，提取出来加以推理判断，从而确定最佳答案。【全国Ⅱ2020·C】UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,"saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.【解析】由题干中的NewOrleansandBrooklyn可定位至原文第二段。根据本段可知,在新奥尔良与布鲁克林举办这些不同寻常的时装秀的目的是让人们在重新穿上由海狸鼠毛皮制成的衣物的同时不会产生罪恶感,即为了宣传“零罪恶感”的海狸鼠毛皮。故选A项。方法3根据文章的结论推断作者或文中人物的态度及意图作者或文中人物的态度、倾向是指其对自己或他人陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立，对叙述或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的结论中，或流露于修饰性的词语中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中总结全文的措辞，尤其是带有感情色彩的形容词。常见的表达态度的词语有:(1)、表示积极态度的词：support((支持),supportive(支持的),approve((赞成),approving((赞同的),for(支持),infavorof(支持),optimistic((乐观的),positive((积极的),pleasant((愉快的),humorous((幽默的),confident((自信的),impressive((令人钦佩的),praise((赞扬)等。(2)、表示消极态度的词：disgusted((厌恶的),critical(批评的),negative((否定的),doubtful(怀疑的),disappointed(失望的),pessimistic((悲观的),opposed((反对的)等。(3)、表示中立的词：objective((客观的),factual((事实的),neutral((中立的),impartial((不偏不倚的)等。有些文章的写作意图比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类文体应关注主题句。而有些文章的写作意图需要考生去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表看法。【全国I2020·C】Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.(首段)31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【解析】通读首段可知,作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处(Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning)及其存在的问题(Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.)，提及正反两方面，由此可推知，作者的态度是客观的。故选B项。方法4结合文章关键信息和常识推测文章的来源或者推测阅读对象此类题目要求考生具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确的推断。比如考生要对报告、报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。【浙江2020年1月·A】Ineverknewanyonewho'dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrs.Calloway,ourlibrarian.SheranJackson'sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.Iwaswilling;Iwoulddoanythingtoread....Mymothersharedthisfeelingofmine.Now,Ithinkofherasreadingsomuchofthetimewhiledoingsomethingelse.IrememberherreadingamagazinewhiletakingthepartoftheWolfinagameof"LittleRedRidingHood"withmybrother'stwodaughters.She'djustlookupattherighttime,longenoughtoanswer-incharacter-"Thebettertoeatyouwith,mydear,"andgobacktoherplaceinthemagazinearticle.23.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook.B.Anautobiography.C.Anewsreport.D.Abookreview.【解析】通读全文可知,本文是作者在回忆自己童年时在图书馆阅读的经历，所以本文最可能出自一部自传。故选B项。（一）（2022年·全国新高考I卷真题）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D．C．,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.1．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.2．Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A．Moraldecline. B．Environmentalharm.C．Energyshortage. D．Worldwidestarvation.3．WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?A．Itproduceskitchenequipment. B．Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C．Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits. D．Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.4．WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A．Buyonlywhatisneeded. B．Reducefoodconsumption.C．Goshoppingonceaweek. D．Eatinrestaurantslessoften.【参考答案】1．B

2．B

3．D

4．A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。【详情解析】1．【B】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。2．【B】细节理解题。根据第三段“Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。3．【D】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。4．【A】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。（二）（2022年·全国新高考II卷真题）Asweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.”Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.5．WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A．Therightwayofexercising. B．Thecausesofaheartattack.C．Thedifficultyofkeepingfit. D．Theagingprocessoftheheart.6．Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A．Dietplan. B．Professionalbackground.C．Exercisetype. D．Previousphysicalcondition.7．WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A．Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B．High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C．Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D．Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.8．WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A．Makinguseofthefindings. B．Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C．Conductingfurtherresearch. D．Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【参考答案】5．D

6．C

7．A

8．C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。【详情解析】5．【D】推理判断题。根据第二段的““Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。6．【C】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。7．【A】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。8．【C】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。（三）（2022年·浙江6月高考真题）Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecanmakepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfieldsthearts,sciences,andpolitics.Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情绪)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.Markmanalsopromotesoff-tasktime.“Partofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseeminglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingonatthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourwork,”hesays.“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.So,whenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfaction,theyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork.”9．WhatdoesEllenLanger’sstudyshow?A．Itisworthwhiletobeaperfectionist B．Translationmakespeopleknowledgeable.C．Simplerjobsrequiregreatercaution. D．Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.10．Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho_______.A．isgoodathandlingpressure B．workshardtobecomesuccessfulC．ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob. D．getsonwellwithhisco-workers11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B．Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C．Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D．Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.12．Whatdoesthetextseemtoadvocate?A．Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits. B．Balancebetweenworkandfamily.C．Long-standingculturaltraditions. D．Harmonyintheworkenvironment.【参考答案】9．D

10．B

11．C

12．A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。【详情解析】9．【D】推理判断题。根据第一段“Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.(在哈佛大学EllenLanger领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用EllenLanger的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，EllenLanger的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。10．【B】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。11．【C】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。12．【A】推理判断题。根据第一段中“butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。（四）（2023届福建省福州市高三下学期毕业班第二次质量检测）InAugust,JasonM.Allen’spiece“TheatreD’opéraSpatial”-whichhecreatedwithAlimagegeneratorMidjourney-wonfirstplaceintheemergingartistdivision’s“digitalartsphotography”categoryattheColoradoStateFairFineArtsCompetition.Thedefinitionforthecategorystatesthatdigitalartreferstoworksthatuse“digitaltechnologyaspartofthecreativeprocess”.Allen’saward-winningimagehasledtodebatesaboutwhat,exactly,itmeanstobeanartistandwhetherAIcantrulymakeart.“Itfeltbadfortheexactsamereasonwedon’tletrobotsparticipateintheOlympics,“oneTwitteruserwrote.”Thisistheliteraldefinitionof‘pressedafewbuttonstomakeadigitalartpiece’,“anothertweeted.YetwhileAllendidn’tuseapaintbrush,therewasplentyofworkinvolved,hesaid.First,heplayedaroundwithphrasingthatledMidjourneytogenerateimagesofwomeninelegantdressesandspacehelmets,inanattempttomixVictorian-stylecostumingwithspacethemes.Overtime,withmanyslightchangestohiswrittenprompt(提示符),hecreated900differentversionsofwhatledtohisfinalimage.ThenheimproveditsresolutionthroughGigapixelAIandfinallyhadtheimagesprinted.AllenisgladthedebateoverwhetherAIcanbeusedtomakeartisattractingsomuchattention.“Ratherthanhatingonthetechnology,weneedtorecognizethatit’sapowerfultoolanduseitforgoodsowecanallmoveforward,”Allensaid.CalDuran,oneofthejudgesforthecompetition,saidthatwhileAllen’spieceincludedamentionofAI,hedidn’trealizethatwhenjudgingit.Still,hesticksbyhisdecisiontoawarditfirstplace.“IthinktheAItechnologymaygivemoreopportunitiestopeoplewhomaynotfindthemselvesartistsintheconventionalway,”hesaid.13．WhyhasJason’sworkledtodebates?A．Itwasacopyofaphotograph.B．Hechallengedtheolderartists.C．ItwascreatedwiththehelpofAI.D．Hebroketheruleofthecompetition.14．WhatcanbestdescribeAllen’screatingprocess?A．Cooperative.B．Energy-consuming.C．Straightforward.D．Imagination-lacking.15．WhatcanwelearnaboutAIfromthelastparagraph?A．Itisadouble-edgedsword.B．Itattractsconventionalartists.C．Itstrikesartjudgesasnosurprise.D．Itmayopenanewworldtoartists.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．AtrendtobeAIartists.B．AnAI-generatedartcontest.C．ResponsestoawinningAIartwork.D．Curiosityaboutanimagegenerator.【参考答案】13．C

14．A

15．D

16．C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。呈现在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。【详情解析】13．【C】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’saward-winningimagehasledtodebatesaboutwhat,exactly,itmeanstobeanartistandwhetherAIcantrulymakeart.(艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”可推测，人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么，以及人工智能能否创造艺术，即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。故选C项。14．【A】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“First,heplayedaroundwithphrasingthatledMidjourneytogenerateimagesofwomeninelegantdressesandspacehelmets,inanattempttomixVictorian-stylecostumingwithspacethemes.(首先，他反复琢磨措辞，使Midtravel产生了穿着优雅礼服和太空头盔的女性形象，试图将维多利亚风格的服装与太空主题相结合。)”以及最后一句“ThenheimproveditsresolutionthroughGigapixelAIandfinallyhadtheimagesprinted.(然后，他通过GigapixelAI提高了分辨率，最终打印出了图像。)”可以看出，他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成，即cooperative“合作的，协作的”。故选A项。15．【D】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Still,hesticksbyhisdecisiontoawarditfirstplace.“IthinktheAItechnologymaygivemoreopportunitiestopeoplewhomaynotfindthemselvesartistsintheconventionalway,”hesaid.(尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可推测，在这位评委看来，人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会，换言之，可能打开艺术新世界的大门。故选D项。16．【C】主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’saward-winningimagehasledtodebatesaboutwhat,exactly,itmeanstobeanartistandwhetherAIcantrulymakeart.(艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”；第四段第一句“AllenisgladthedebateoverwhetherAIcanbeusedtomakeartisattractingsomuchattention.(艾伦很高兴关于人工智能是否可以用来制造艺术的争论吸引了如此多的关注。)”以及最后一段最后一句“Still,hesticksbyhisdecisiontoawarditfirstplace.“IthinktheAItechnologymaygivemoreopportunitiestopeoplewhomaynotfindthemselvesartistsintheconventionalway,”hesaid.(尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可知，本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后，引起的的辩论，即不同人对此不同的回应。故选C项。（五）（2023届湖北省·华中师范大学第一附属中学高三第二次学业质量评价检测）Youmighthaveheardsomeonesaythatasongchangedtheirlife.Andmaybeyouusedtohatetomatoes,butnowyoulikeit.Noonedoubtsthatwechangeaswegrowolder.Butdowechangeinmajorways?Canwereallychangewhoweare?Peopleusedtobelievewestayprettymuchthesamethroughoutourlives,butresearchersareincreasinglyfindingthatwecananddochangeinbigways.Psychologistshaveidentifiedfivedimensionsthathelpusunderstandsomeone’spersonality,whicharecalledthe“BigFive.”Theyare:1.Openness:Howopenareyoutotryingnewthings?2.Conscientiousness(尽责性):Howresponsibleareyou?3.Extroversion(外向):Howfriendly,outgoing,andenthusiasticareyou?4.Agreeableness:Howcaring,trusting,andgenerousareyou?5.Emotionalstability:Howcalmareyou,especiallywhenproblemsarise?Everyonehasdifferentlevelsofthebigfivedimensions.Forexample,HarryPotterhashighlevelsofopennesstoexperience,whileHermioneGrangerwouldscorehighinconscientiousness.Scientistsusedtothinkthateachperson’s“BigFive”stayedthesametheirwholelife,butnewerresearchsuggeststhatthedimensionsdochange.Peoplewhotookapersonalitytestasteen-agersscoredverydifferentlywhentheytookthesametest50yearslater.Threedimensionsusuallychangedmorethantheothers,whichareemotionalstability,conscientiousness,andagreeableness.Infact,mostadultsweremoreemotionallystable,moreconscientious,andmoreagreeablethanwhentheywereyounger.Researchersconsideredthisasignthatwematureovertime,perhapslearningtogetalongbetterwithothers.Eventhoughpeoplechangeovertime,therelationshipbetweendimensionsoftenremainssimilar.Forexample,someonewhowasveryopentonewexperiencesbutwhowasnotagreeableasateenagerwaslikelystillmoreopentonewthingsthanagreeableasanadult.Scoreschanged,andsometimeschangedalot,buttheydidn’tchangerandomly.17．WhydoestheauthormentionHarryPotterandHermioneGrangerinParagraph2?A．Toidentifytheimpactofthebigfivedimensions.B．Tostressthevalueofopennessandresponsibility.C．Toanalyzesomemaincharactersinpopularfiction.D．Toillustratevariousdegreesofpersonalitydimensions.18．Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyresultofpeople’saging?A．Becomingmorehot-tempered. B．Becomingmoreconsiderate.C．Becominglessresponsible. D．Becominglessgenerous.19．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggestaboutone’spersonalitydimensions?A．Personalitydimensionschangeaccidentally.B．Oneislikelytobemoreopenthanagreeable.C．Relationshipbetweendimensionsstaysunchanged.D．Changesinpersonalitydimensionsfollowsomepattern.20．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheEffectsofChanging. B．WhatArethe“BigFive”?C．DoPeopleReallyChange? D．PersonalityDimensionsMatter.【参考答案】17．D

18．B

19．D

20．C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究发现人可以而且确实可以在很大程度上发生改变，并且分析了发生改变的原因。【详情解析】17．【D】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Everyonehasdifferentlevelsofthebigfivedimensions.Forexample,HarryPotterhashighlevelsofopennesstoexperience,whileHermioneGrangerwouldscorehighinconscientiousness.(每个人对五大维度都有不同层次。例如，哈利波特对经验的开放程度很高，而赫敏格兰杰在责任心方面得分很高。)”可知，作者列举哈利波特说明其开放程度，而列举赫敏格兰杰是为了阐明其责任心较高，由此可知，列举这两人是为了说明人们拥有不同程度的五大维度。故选D项。18．【B】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Infact,mostadultsweremoreemotionallystable,moreconscientious,andmoreagreeablethanwhentheywereyounger.Researchersconsideredthisasignthatwematureovertime,perhapslearningtogetalongbetterwithothers.(事实上，大多数成年人比年轻时情绪更稳定，更认真，更和蔼可亲。研究人员认为这是一个迹象，表明我们随着时间的推移而成熟，也许学会与他人相处得更好。)”可知，研究发现成年人比年轻时情感上更稳定，更随和，这是一个人成熟的标志，由此可推断，一个人变老的结果可能是变得更体贴周到。故选B项。19．【D】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Eventhoughpeoplechangeovertime,therelationshipbetweendimensionsoftenremainssimilar.(尽管人们会随着时间的推移而变化，但维度之间的关系往往保持相似。)”以及尾句“Scoreschanged,andsometimeschangedalot,buttheydidn’tchangerandomly.(分数变化很大，有时变化很大，但它们不是随机变化的。)”可知，人变了，但维度之间的关系相似，得分变了，甚至变化很大，但不是随机变化，也就是说，这些变化是按照一定的模式而变的。故选D项。20．【C】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Canwereallychangewhoweare?Peopleusedtobelievewestayprettymuchthesamethroughoutourlives,butresearchersareincreasinglyfindingthatwecananddochangeinbigways.(我们真的能改变我们是谁吗？人们曾经认为我们一生都保持不变，但研究人员越来越多地发现，我们可以并且确实会做出重大改变。)”可知，作者通过提问“人真的会变吗”引出本文的话题，并引用研究者的发现证实，人可以而且确实可以变化，并从下文开始围绕该主题进一步来分析人变化的原因，所以题目是“人真的会变吗”符合文章主题。故选C项。（六）（湖南省长沙县、望城区、浏阳市、宁乡市平江