老高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第四部分高考题型组合练组合练4

组合练4Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2022·安徽省江南十校高三下学期一模联考)Watchinghisfatherdiewithoutoxygensupportwhilesufferingfromaheartattackin2020,TaherMahmudTarif,aBangladeahiboy,madeuphismindtobuildadevicetopreventanymoresuchtragicdeaths.Afterwards,manyCOVID-19patientsexperiencedlowoxygenlevelsintheirblood,withdemandforoxygenconcentrators(浓缩器)amongothermedicalequipmentshootingupduringtherecentsharpriseincases.Tarifsaidthesituationgavehimmoredrivingforcetobuildthedevice.WiththefinancialandoverallsupportofIshwardiUNOofficeandhiseducationalinstitution,TarifʼsdeterminationandtirelesseffortswererewardedwithsuccessastheninthgraderofIshwardiSaraMarwariHighSchoolmanagedtomaketheconcentratoraftertryingfivetimesforaboutsevenmonths,mainlyusingdomesticcomponents.Hesaidthatalocallymadeoxygenconcentratorlikehiscostsapproximately$760whereasanimportedonedoesover$2，600.InJune,TarifgaveadetailedaccountofhisinventionandmanufactureattheUNOofficeinIshwardiat11:00amonTuesday.Hesaiditwascreatedfromhisownthinkingandwiththeadditionoflocaltechnologygeneratorsandelectriccomponents.Anoxygenconcentratortakesinairandremovesnitrogen(氮气)fromit,leavingoxygen-enrichedgasforusebypeopleneedingmedicaloxygen.“About90percentoxygenconcentrationcanbegeneratedfrommyoxygenconcentratormachine.Thismachinecanprovidehigh-flowoxygensupplytoo.Itcanbeveryhandyinlocalareaswithnoscopeofgettingoxygensupport，”Tarifadded.“Thisisobviouslyagoodinventionforoxygengeneration.Itiscapableofproducinghigh-flowoxygensoitcanbeusedforpatientsorrefillingoxygenbottles，”saidanassistantprofessorofPabnaMedicalCollegeHospital.“Despitemorelabandotherexaminationsbeforeusingthemachineasmedicalequipment，”theUNOsaid,“TarifʼsinventionwillprobablybeagreatachievementduringthisalarmingCOVID-19situation.”1．WhydidTarifbuildanoxygenconcentrator?A．Becausehisfatherneededone.B．BecausehisfatherdiedofCOVID-19.C．BecauseCOVID-19patientsneedoxygen.D．Becausehewantstohelpsaveotherpatients.2．WhatcanweknowaboutTarifʼsinventioninParagraph2?A．Itmostlyconsistsoflocalparts.B．Itsucceededatthefirstattempt.C．Itwasmadewithoutothersʼhelp.D．Itcostsmorethan2，600dollars.3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Tarifʼsinventionhasnotbeentestedyet.B．Tarifʼsinventionhasapromisingfuture.C．Tarifʼsinventionproducesoxygenbottles.D．TarifʼsinventionhasprovedusefulforCOVID-19.4．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Abrochure.C．Anewspaper. D．Anovel.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。孟加拉国的一位少年在经历了父亲因缺氧去世，又目睹了新冠疫情下众多病人因缺氧生命危在旦夕之后，在自己的不懈努力和当地联合国组织的资助下，成功利用国内配件自制出氧气压缩机。1．D细节理解题。根据第一段“Watchinghisfatherdiewithoutoxygensupportwhilesufferingfromaheartattackin2020,TaherMahmudTarif,aBangladeahiboy,madeuphismindtobuildadevicetopreventanymoresuchtragicdeaths.(2020年，孟加拉国男孩塔希尔·马哈茂德·塔里夫看着父亲因心脏病发作而在没有氧气支持的情况下去世，他决心制造一种装置，以防止更多这样的悲剧死亡。)”和“Tarifsaidthesituationgavehimmoredrivingforcetobuildthedevice.(塔里夫说，这种情况给了他制造这种设备的更多动力。)”可知，Tarif的父亲因缺氧去世及新冠病人需要氧气的现状是他发明氧气压缩机的动机，即为了拯救更多因缺氧而危在旦夕的病人。故选D。2．A推理判断题。根据第二段“WiththefinancialandoverallsupportofIshwardiUNOofficeandhiseducationalinstitution,TarifʼsdeterminationandtirelesseffortswererewardedwithsuccessastheninthgraderofIshwardiSaraMarwariHighSchoolmanagedtomaketheconcentratoraftertryingfivetimesforaboutsevenmonths,mainlyusingdomesticcomponents.(在IshwardiUNO办公室和他的教育机构的财政和全面支持下，Tarif的决心和不懈的努力得到了成功的回报。IshwardiSaraMarwari高中的九年级学生在尝试了大约七个月后，成功地制作了集中器，主要使用国产组件。)”可知，UNO和他的教育机构给予了Tarif资助和支持，Tarif经历了七个月、五次尝试才发明出氧气压缩机，氧气压缩机主要使用国内配件。故选A。3．B推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despitemorelabandotherexaminations...agreatachievementduringthisalarmingCOVID-19situation.(尽管进行了更多的实验室和其他检查……但在这种令人担忧的COVID-19形势下，取得了巨大的成就。)”可知，尽管这项发明在正式作为医疗器械之前还需要更多的试验和测试，它很可能将在应对疫情中发挥重要的作用。故选B。4．C推理判断题。本文围绕孟加拉国少年Tarif发明氧气压缩机而展开，第一段介绍了氧气压缩机的发明背景，第二段叙述了Tarif发明氧气压缩机的过程，第三段说明了氧气压缩机的工作原理，最后一段展望了氧气压缩机的应用前景。所以本文很有可能是一篇选自报纸的新闻报道。故选C。B(2022·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三第一次模拟考试)Theworldisgettinggreener,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNaturethisweek.ChiChen,leadauthorofthestudy,andhiscolleagueshavebeenminingdatacollectedbyanorbitingNASAcamerathatmonitorsgreenvegetationonEarthʼssurface,daybyday.Evenmoreinteresting：Theyareabletoshowtheexactcausesofincreasingordecreasingleafcoverinparticularareas.Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming.Sincetheclimateisbecomingmoreandmoretemperateandthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere.“OnelargeareaofBrazillostvegetation.Ipersonallycheckedthedata,andthatʼsbecauseoflackofrain，”Chensaid.Themoststrikingchanges,though,weretheresultofhumandecisionsinChinaandIndia.Bothcountrieshavebeengettingalotgreener.ThegreeningofIndia,Chensays,comesfromahugeexpansionofirrigatedagriculture.“Insteadofhavingjustcropswhenitʼsraining,theyalsohaveawholesixmonthsofcroppingandgreennesswhenitʼsnotraining，”hesays.“Thisversionofgreeningisnʼtreallysogreatfortheenvironment,though.Theirrigationdrainsgroundwater,vegetationiswipedawayatharvesttimeandtheextrachemicalsfarmersuseproducegreenhousegases.”InChina,though,abouthalfofthenewleafcoverthatChendetectedappearstobetheresultofamassivereforestationeffort.Itʼsagovernment-supportedattempttopreventdisastrousduststormsthatresultedfromearlierdeforestation.“Theyarereallydoingagoodjob，”Chensays.“Theyhavealargeandcomprehensivetreeplantingprogram.Thosetreeswillstayinplace,capturing(捕捉)dustandalsoCO2,thegreenhousegas.Theyʼllstoreitinwood,rootsandsoil,doingtheirparttoslowglobalwarming.”5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“temperate”inParagraph3?A．Warm. B．Wet.C．Cold D．Dry.6．WhathasledtothedecreaseofleafcoverintheBrazilianarea?A．Treecutting. B．Dryweather.C．Seasonalharvest. D．Desertification.7．HowdoesChiChenprobablyfeelaboutthegreeninginIndia?A．Excited. B．Puzzled.C．Worried. D．Annoyed.8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thebenefitsoftreeplanting.B．Theharmofglobalwarming.C．ThecostsofgreeninginChina.D．ThecauseofgreeninginChina.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChiChen利用在轨卫星的地面监控数据分析全球绿地面积变化。5．A词句猜测题。根据画线词前“Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming(在一些寒冷的地方，植被覆盖的增加明显是由全球变暖引起的。)”及后面的“andthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere(生长季节变得越来越长，那里的植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多)”可知，植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖，因此画线词temperate意为“暖和的”，即warm。故选A。6．B细节理解题。根据第四段“Ipersonallycheckedthedata,andthatʼsbecauseoflackofrain(我亲自检查了数据，那是因为缺雨)”可知，巴西地区树叶覆盖的减少是因为天气干燥。故选B。7．C推理判断题。根据第六段“Thisversionofgreeningisnʼtreallysogreatfortheenvironment,though.Theirrigationdrainsgroundwater,vegetationiswipedawayatharvesttimeandtheextrachemicalsfarmersuseproducegreenhousegases.(不过，这种版本的绿化对环境并不是很好。灌溉会排干地下水，收获季节的植被会消失，农民使用的额外化学物质会产生温室气体。)”可知，过度耕种会对环境造成负面影响。由此推知，ChiChen对印度的过度耕作所造成的绿地面积增加感到担心。故选C。8．D主旨大意题。根据最后一段“InChina,though,abouthalfofthenewleafcoverthatChendetectedappearstobetheresultofamassivereforestationeffort.Itʼsagovernment-supportedattempttopreventdisastrousduststormsthatresultedfromearlierdeforestation.(然而，在中国，陈检测到的大约一半的新植被似乎是大规模植树造林的结果。这是一项政府支持的尝试，旨在防止早期森林砍伐导致的灾难性沙尘暴。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是中国的绿化事业。故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·河南省百所名校高考猜题压轴卷)Weliveinavast,complexworld，1newspeciesarebeingdiscoveredallthetime.Yetevenasthese2(excite)creaturesarebeingdiscovered,theincreasinghumanpopulation,climatechange,habitatdestruction,huntingandtheover-exploitationofwildlifemeancountlessnumbersofanimalsarecurrently3(push)totheedgeofextinction.ScientistshaveestimatedthatoverthecourseofEarthʼshistory,anywherebetween1and4billionspecies4(exist).Thenaturalextinctionratedescribeshowfastplants,mammals,birdsandinsects5(die)offifhumanswerenʼtinthepicture.Itisestimatedthattodayspeciesaredisappearingatalmost1，0006(time)thenaturalrate,meaningweʼrelosingaround150—200specieseverysingleday.Choosinganimalswhicharelikelytogoextinctbeforeyourchildrenhavetheopportunity7(see)themwasadauntingtask.Byonlypicking10,wehadtoleave8countlessotheranimalsthatarefacing9(similarity)depressingcircumstances.10millionsofotherspecies,manyneverknowntoscience,arealsolikelytodieoutinthecomingdecades.【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了新物种不断被发现，但是无数的物种目前正因为人类活动而被推向灭绝的边缘。1．where考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个巨大而复杂的世界里，在这里新物种不断被发现。分析句子结构可知，world为先行词，后接非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，设空处应用关系副词where。故填where。2．exciting考查形容词。句意：然而，就在这些令人兴奋的生物被发现的同时，不断增长的人口、气候变化、栖息地破坏、狩猎和对野生动物的过度开发意味着无数的动物目前正被推向灭绝的边缘。根据设空处前后词汇，应用形容词作名词creatures的定语，修饰物的excite的形容词为exciting。故填exciting。3．beingpushed考查时态和语态。句意：然而，就在这些令人兴奋的生物被发现的同时，不断增长的人口、气候变化、栖息地破坏、狩猎和对野生动物的过度开发意味着无数的动物目前正被推向灭绝的边缘。根据句子结构可知，mean后接宾语从句，此处为从句的谓语动词，根据状语currently，应用现在进行时态，push与逻辑主语animals之间为动宾关系，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态bebeingdone。故填beingpushed。4．haveexisted考查时态和主谓一致。句意：科学家们估计，在地球的历史进程中，存在过10亿到40亿物种。根据时间状语overthecourseofEarthʼshistory，谓语动词estimated后接的宾语从句应用现在完成时态；主语为between1and4billionspecies，为复数，助动词用have。故填haveexisted。5．woulddie考查虚拟语气。句意：自然灭绝率描述了如果没有人类，植物、哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫的灭绝速度会有多快。根据后半句中ifhumanswerenʼtinthepicture，可知设空处用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，应为woulddo的形式。故填woulddie。6．times考查名词复数。句意：据估计，如今物种消失的速度几乎是自然速度的1000倍，这意味着我们每天大约失去150到200个物种。跟在数字1000后，设空处应用名词复数times。故填times。7．tosee考查非谓语动词。句意：选择那些可能在你的孩子有机会看到它们之前就灭绝的动物是一项艰巨的任务。短语havetheopportunitytodosth，动词不定式作opportunity的定语。故填tosee。8．out考查固定短语。句意：我们只选择了10种动物，却没有考虑到无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物。短语leaveout，意为“不考虑，不包括”。故填out。9．similar考查形容词。句意：我们只选择了10种动物，却没有考虑到无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物。根据句子结构可知，修饰名词circumstances，应用形容词，similarity的形容词为similar。故填similar。10．But考查连词。句意：但是，数以百万计的其他物种，其中许多从未为科学所知，也可能在未来几十年灭绝。根据上文，我们只是忽略了无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物，但是更多的人类尚未发现的物种也在消失，只是我们不知道而已。此处为转折关系，且在句首，应首字母大写。故填But。Ⅲ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分。(2022·内蒙古赤峰市高三模拟预测)LastSunday,myfriendsandIwenttoseaside.Therewasmanypeopleswimminginthesea.Wefeltabouthappywhenwesawsomewonderfulview.Butsomethingunpleasantcaughttheireyes.Somevisitorsthrowalotofrubbishintothesea.Wealsofoundsomedeadfish,plasticbagsandemptybottlesfloatonthesurfaceofthewater,andtheairsmeltterribly.Themarine(海的)environmentisseriouslydamaged,whatmakesmeworried.Ithinkweshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectingtheenvironment.Onlybydoingitwillwelivebetterandbecomehealthier.【答案】LastSunday,myfriendsandIwenttoeq\o(∧,\s\do10(the))seaside.Thereeq\o(was,\s\do10(were))manypeopleswimminginthesea.Wefelteq\a\vs4\al(about)happywhenwesawsomewonderfuleq\o(view,\s\do10(views)).Butsomethingunpleasantcaughteq\o(their,\s\do10(our))eyes.Somevisitorseq\o(throw,\s\do10(threw))alotofrubbishintothesea.Wealsofoundsomedeadfish,plasticbagsandemptybottleseq\o(float,\s\do10(floating))onthesurfaceofthewater,andtheairsmelteq\o(terribly,\s\do10(terrible)).Themarine(海的)environmentisseriouslydamaged,eq\o(what,\s\do10(which))makesmeworried.Ithinkweshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoeq\o(protecting,\s\do10(protect))theenvironment.Onlybydoingitwillwelivebetterandbecomehealthier.【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和朋友在上个星期日在海边的所见所闻，呼吁大家爱护海洋环境。1．考查冠词。句意：上个周日，我和朋友去海边。此处表示特指作者和朋友去的海边，所以应该使用定冠词。故在seaside前加the。2．考查主谓一致。句意：在海里有很多人在游泳。therebe句型主谓一致用“就近原则”，根据主语manypeople可知，be动词应该使用复数形式。故将was改为were。3．考查介词。句意：我们感到很开心。feel为感官系动词，后面直接用形容词作表语，不需要加介词about。故将about删除。4．考查名词的数。句意：当我们看到一些美好的景色时，我们感到很开心。view“景色”是可数名词，根据前面的some可知，此处名词应该用复数。故将view改为views。5．考查代词。句意：但是一些不愉快的事情吸引了我们的眼球。根据句意可知，一些不愉快的事情吸引了我们的眼球。故将their改为our。6．考查时态。句意：一些游客向海里扔了很多垃圾。根据第一句lastSunday，可知事情是发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故将throw改为threw。7．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现一些死鱼、塑料袋和空瓶子漂浮在海水的表面。findsb.doingsth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”，此处瓶子是正在漂浮的状态，应用现在分词表示主动和进行。故将float改为floating。8．考查形容词。句意：空气闻起来很糟糕。smell是感官类系动词，应该使用形容词作表语而不是副词。故将terribly改为terrible。9