第3部分：概括段落大意和补全句子

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①一⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Passage1（选自大纲样题）TheWeightExperimentNicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandloseweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalleda'calorimeter'（热量测量室）isonewaytofindout．①Thesignsabovethetworoomsreadsimply'ChamberOne'and'ChamberTwo'.Thesearethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads'Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontoftheroomsadvanced

machineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.②NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertisementforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.③TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.Thissequencewasrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.

Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.④Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.'Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,'saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled（踩踏板)forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.⑤Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelyto

makeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.A.Whatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?B.Whatprogrammewasdesignedfortheexperiment?C.Whatisacalorimeter?D.Whatkindoffoodsaretopeople’staste?E.Howdothevolunteerskillthetime?F.WhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?Taskl16.Paragraph①17.Paragraph②18.Paragraph③19.Paragraph④20.Paragraph⑤16.Paragraph①显示答案【答案】C【解析】第一段主要讲了实验所需要的设备和条

件，前面的内容主要针对calorimeter做了相关描述。17.Paragraph②显示答案【答案】F【解析】第二段主要介绍了Nicola自愿参加这一实验的意图和目的，虽然没有超重问题，但出于对饮食调节和身材的保持，她选择加入这一项目。18.Paragraph③显示答案【答案】B【解析】该段的第一句话是主题句TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.即：实验所涉及的内容、具体的要求和环节。19.Paragraph④显示答案【答案】E【解析】段首句往往是主题句，首句说明科学家帮助志愿者设定一个日程表来打发在密室里的时间。后面介绍了看电视、看录像、看书、骑单车等活动。20.Paragraph⑤显示答案【答案】D【解析】第五段的的两个选项A和D中很明显就能选出D。第五段主要什么食物适合人的胃口。首句出现了foods一词，从剩余介绍了

小贴士：本部分考查学生的概括能力，读懂首句是关键，因为首句往往是主题句。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbestsummarizethefollowingpassage.Celebritieswillalwayshavealargeinfluenceonsociety.Theinfluencetheyhaveontwitterisincredible.TwitterisaneasywayforfanstoconnectwiththeirfavoritecelebrityandmanycelebritiesaretakingadvantageofTwitter'spopularity.Everycelebritytweetstartsafirestormofretweets,replies,anddiscussionsaboutwhatacelebrityjusttweeted.Agoodexampleofthisisthatthetrendingtopicsoftenrevolvearoundacelebrityorsomethingthatacelebrityrecentlytweeted.Celebritytweetsalsobecomenewsintheworldofcelebritynews.CelebritiesnowuseTwittertocommunicatewiththepublicinsteadofissuingstatements,andalsousetheiraccountstodispel

rumors,makeannouncements,andpromotetheirmovies,albums,orbooks.Moreover,becausetherearesomanycelebritytabloids（小报），simpletweetsabouttheireverydayliveswillalsobecomefrontnews.A．Celebrities'useoftweetB．Politician'sinfluenceontweetC．Tweet'spopularityD．Neworganizations'understandingoftweet【答案】A【解析】本题考查概括段落大意。本段出现频率最高的词是celebrity，本段一直在讲名人如何使用微博，故选A。【知识点】概括段落大意Task221.Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything_______.22.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments_______.23.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter_______.24.Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_______.25.ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling_______.A.thevolunteersdo.B.becauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem.

C.becausethelifetherecanbeveryboring.D.makepeopleovereat.E.becauseshewasherownboss.F.soastocontrolthespeed.21.Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything_______.显示答案【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词calorimeters和record定位在第一段。从第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads'Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.可知答案为A。此处record和register属同义替换。22.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments_______.显示答案【答案】E【解析】根据题干中的关键词NicolaWalters定位在第二段，关键句是第二段的第三句话Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.

23.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter_______.显示答案【答案】C【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。同时根据句子结构分析可知此处需填从句，故从B和C序的原则定位在第四段。该段中选择。24.Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_______.显示答案【答案】D【解析】根据第alreadyshowingthathigh-fatdiets高脂膳食arelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhat五段第二三句话Volunteersareencouragespeopletoovereat,…25.ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling_______.显示答案【答案】F【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers，Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句Shepedaled（踩踏板)forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.小贴士：根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以

快速缩小范围。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbefilledintheblanktomakethesentencecompleteaccordingtothefollowingpassage.1Flynn,attheePolicyInstitute,saysit'simportantthatemployershaveaclearonlinepolicyandthenexplainit.Shebelievesnotenoughemployershaveconductedformaltrainingonsuchmattersasonlineresponsibilityandconfidentiality（保密性）.2Meantime,heradvicetoanyemployeeisthis:"Don'tstartblogging.Don'tstartchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompanypolicy."Q:Flynnsuggeststhatemployeesshouldstartblogging,chattingore-mailingonlyaftertheyfinish________.A．havingaclearonlinepolicyB．readthecompanypolicyC．readingthecompanypolicyD．haveconductedformaltraining【答案】C【解析】本题考查补全句子。根据题干中的startblogging，chatting，

e-mailing定位在第二段。再根据句子结构，因为finish要接动名词作宾语，可以排除B和D，再根据"Don'tstartblogging.Don'tstartchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompanypolicy."可以确定答案为readingthecompanypolicy，即C。【知识点】补全句子Passage2（选自Self-Assessment1）FiveReasonstoCelebrateMistakes①Mistakeshaveawayoffocusingourattentionandputtingcrucialproblemsrightinourface.Mistakeslightapathforus.Whenweownuptoourmistakes,weoftenknowexactlywhat'sworkingandwhatwecandotofixit.②Thereisonesurewaytoavoidmistakesandthat'stoavoidlife.Thewriterwhoneverfinishesabookwillneverhavetoworryaboutgettingnegativereviews.Thecomedianwhoneverperformsinfrontofanaudienceissuretoavoidtellingjokesthatfallflat失败，达不到预期效果.When

wearecomfortablewithmakingmistakes,we'remorelikelytotakerisksandtackleprojects.Celebratingmistakesinvolveswisdom.Effectivepeopledon'tsetgoalswiththeideaofmakingmistakes.Instead,theyaimtoreachthosegoalswhileacceptingtheriskoferror.③Imagineworkingatacompanythathasnostandards-wheremistakesarenotdistinguishedfromsuccessesandnooneisheldaccountableforerrors.Wecouldturninthemostcarelessandthecrudest未加工的，肤浅的piecesofworkwe'deverdone,andtheywouldgettreatedthesameasourbestwork.We'dneverbeabletocountonhavingthesuppliesweneededbecausenoonewouldcomplainwhenvendors供应商，商贩failedtodeliver.Projectscouldgopermanentlyunfinishedandnoonewouldsayanything.Inanatmospherewherethere'snodifferencebetween

failureandsuccess,theword"mistake"wouldbewithoutmeaning.Mistakescanhappenonlywhenpeoplearetrulycommittedtomakingthingswork.④Theword"mistake"derivesmeaningonlybycomparisontowhatwedesire.Noticingandadmittingourmistakesremindsusofwhatwereallywanttohave,do,andbe.Mistakesofferusanopportunitytopracticetruthtelling.Withthisactcometherewardsofhonestyandfrankness,includingself-knowledge自知之明andthecapacityforchange.Aswetellthetruthaboutourmistakes,wecanbenefitbyreleasingshameandblame.Fixingmistakesandpreventingthemfromhappeningagainarekeygoals.⑤Mistakesareusuallymoreinstructivethansuccesses-andoftenfarmoreinteresting.Thelessonswelearnfrommakingmistakesoftenstickwithusforalifetime.Wecantranslatethoselessonsintonewvaluesand

behaviorsthatmakeaprofounddifference.Withallthesepotentialbenefitsfrommistakes,wehaveplentyofreasonstocelebratethem.TasklA.MistakesencouragetakingrisksB.MistakespracticetellingtruthC.MistakesmakepowerfulteachersD.MistakesareasimportantassuccessesE.MistakesfocusourattentionF.Mistakesmakethingswork16.Paragraph①17.Paragraph②18.Paragraph③19.Paragraph④20.Paragraph⑤16.Paragraph①显示答案【答案】E【解析】第一段首句给出了相关信息Mistakeshave

awayoffocusingourattentionandputtingcrucialproblemsrightinourface.故选E。17.Paragraph②显示答案【答案】A【解析】第二段通过事例讲到人应该不惧怕犯错误，才能改正错误，让自己进步。A项中的关键词encouragetakingrisks符合本段语境，故选A。18.Paragraph③显示答案【答案】F【解析】第三段通过在公司工作的情况，指出没有正确与错误标准的公司不会有任何进步和发展。所以结尾总结出只有在人们推动事情有所进展的时候，错误才会发现。与F含义相符。19.Paragraph④显示答案【答案】B【解析】第四段是对"错误"的意义的论述，承认错误可以让我们知道自己真正所想，可以给我们机会说出真相。这样的话我们就可以得到诚恳和坦率、自身知识的提高和改变的能力，又讲到了说出错误的种种好处。再结合第四段的第三句Mistakesofferusanopportunitytopracticetruthtelling.可知B项符合本

段主旨。20.Paragraph⑤显示答案【答案】D【解析】第五段通过mistake和success的比较，阐述出错误的重要性，所以可以判断出错误与成功一样，都具有很重要的意义。故选D。Task221.Weoftenknowthroughmistakeswhat'sgoingwrongand_______.22.Ifawriterneverfinisheshisbook,hewillneverhaveto_______.23.Effectivepeopleaimtoreachtheirgoalswhile_______.24.Peoplecanmakemistakesonlywhentheyaretruly_______.25.Wecanlearnsomelessonsfrommakingmistakes,whichoften_______.A.stickwithusforalifetimeB.whatwecandotofixitC.committedtomakingthingsworkD.acceptingtheriskoferrorE.worryaboutbeingcriticizedF.committedtomakingthingswork

注：该题命题疏忽，C和F完全一样。21.Weoftenknowthroughmistakeswhat'sgoingwrongand_______.显示答案【答案】B【解析】根据第一段的最后一句：Whenweownuptoourmistakes,weoftenknowexactlywhat'sworkingandwhatwecandotofixit.可