Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld(高一英语精准辅导学练测)

20232024学年高一英语【精准辅导】学练测Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld目录一单元重点词汇讲解突出重难点，点拨引导学生发现问题、解决问题二单元重点短语（汉译英）精准掌握单元重点短语三单句语法填空精准掌握语法用法四课文经典回顾课本知识语法填空自测五阅读理解提升阅读的理解能力六七选五提升推理判断能力，对文章结构的理解能力和还原信息、完形短文的能力七完形填空提高学习英语的综合能力八语法填空提升逻辑判断、分析理解能力九单元重点句式训练经典句型，提高写作水平十学习背诵范文给朋友写封回信告知如何才能学好中文十一书面表达写一篇主题是SmartIdeas，SmartSchool的新闻报道一．单元重点词汇讲解1.attituden.态度；看法【常用搭配】positive/negativeattitude积极/消极态度attitudeto/towardssth对某事的态度changesb’sattitude改变某人的态度take/have/adopta(n)…attitudeto/towards…对……持某种态度【即学即练】1.Weshould_____________________________________________(对生活持积极的态度).2.你若想学好英语，最好改变你的态度！________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.adopt/take/haveapositiveattitudeto/towardslife2.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,you’dbetterchangeyourattitude!2.【词汇拓展】____________vi.提到；参考；查阅→____________vt.查询n.参考；指称关系答案：refer，reference【常用搭配】referto指的是；描述；查阅；提到refertothedictionary(=lookupthewordinthedictionary)查字典referto…as…把……称作……referencebook参考书；工具书in/withreferenceto(所述内容)关于refertoabook/dictionary查阅书/词典【即学即练】1.Dorememberthespeechshouldbegivenwithout________(refer)tothenotes.2.Asforthelivingconditions,herearesomedetailsforyour________(refer).3.____________________(被称为)SteelRoses，theChinesewomansoccerteamplayershavewonourworshipandrespectrecently.4.Iamwritingtoaskforyouradvice_____________________________________________________(关于什么样的中国传统文化)appealtoforeignersmost．答案：13.【词汇拓展】____________adj.（以某事）为基础/为根据的、基地在某地的→____________n.基础、根据、基点→____________adj.基础的、基本的→____________v.以…为据点（或总部等）、把（总部等）设在；n.底座、基地、总部答案：based，basis，basic，base【常用搭配】baseAonBA以B为基础bebasedon/upon以……为基础/依据onthebasisofsth(或onthebasisthat…)在……的基础上onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期【即学即练】1.You'dbetterlearnsome________(base)ChinesebeforeyoustudyforadegreeinChineseculture.2.Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandarealsoofferedopportunitiestowatchtabletennispetitions________aregularbasis.3.____________(base)onwhathesaid,hemusthavewonthepetition.4.Thefilm_____________(base)onarealstory.5._____________speaking,whatyousaidmakesnosense.答案：ased4.isbased5.Basically4.【词汇拓展】____________n.（同一事物的）多种式样、多样化→____________adj.各种不同的、各种各样的→____________vi.（大小、形状等）相异/不同，（根据情况）变化/变更/改变答案：variety，various，vary【常用搭配】avarietyof=varietiesof各种各样的varyfrom…to…从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动varyin…在……不同invariousways通过各种方式forvariousreasons由于种种原因【即学即练】1.AroundtheSpringFestival,______________(variety)ofitemsforpreparingforthelunarnewyearwillbesoldonthestreet.2.Thepricevaries_____________10yuanto15yuan.3.Dueto_____________(variety)reasons,theyhavetocanceltheconcert.4.The_____________(vary)oftheplantsshouldbepaidmoreattentionto.5.Opinionsvary__________person__________person(从...到...各不相同).6.Withthedevelopmentofinformationtechnology,____________(多种多样的)newwordsappearinputerEnglish.答案：1.varieties2.from3.various4.variety5.fromto6.avarietyof5.【词汇拓展】____________adj.主要的；n.专业（课程）、少校；vi.主修→____________n.大多数、大部分→____________n.少部分、少数、少数民族→____________adj.次要的、轻微的；vi.辅修答案：major，majority，minority，minor【常用搭配】majorin主修；以……为专业themajorityof大多数……inthemajority构成大多数/大部分【点拨】当“majorityof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；当“majorityof+集体名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。单独用majority作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如强调个体，谓语动词用复数。【即学即练】1.我是化学专业的。_________________/__________________/__________________2.Itseemsthat________________________(多数人)likewatchingTVratherthanlisteningtotheradio.3.Therewas____________________(一个主要问题)withparkinginLondon.答案：1.Mymajorischemistry./Iamachemistrymajor./Imajorinchemistry.2.themajorityofpeople3.amajorproblem6.【词汇拓展】____________n.方式、方法、途径→____________v.意思是、意味着、打算→____________n.意思、意义→____________adj.有意义的→____________adj.没有意义的答案：means，mean，meaning，meaningful，meaningless注意means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。【常用搭配】bythismeans通过这种方法meansoftransport/transportation交通工具meansofmunication交流方式bymeansof用……方法bynomeans绝不；一点也不byallmeans一定；无论如何【即学即练】1.Allpossiblemeans____________(use)tostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.2.Ancientpeoplerecordedwhathadhappened________meansofcarvingvarietiesofsymbolswithspecificmeaningsontoshellsorbones.3.First,____________________________________(想尽一切办法)tofightagainstglobalwarming,whichhasbeeagreatthreattoseacreatures.答案：1.havebeenused2.by3.tryeverymeans7.regardn.尊重；关注vt.把……视为【常用搭配】regard…as…把……当作……with/inregardto关于；至于inthis/thatregard在这/那方面have(high)regardforsb/sth(非常)尊重/关注……holdsbinhighregard尊重某人giveone’sbestregardsto代某人向……致以最诚挚的问候showregardfor关心;关注【即学即练】1.WeregardourChineseteacher_________ourgoodfriends.2.Weshouldshowregard__________ourparentsandgrandparents.3.关于周六晚上的派对，我很乐意参加。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：1.asor3.WithregardtothepartyonSaturdayevening,Iwouldliketoattendit.8.【词汇拓展】____________vt.欣赏、重视、感激vi.增值→____________n.欣赏、理解、感激、升值答案：appreciate，appreciation【常用搭配】appreciate(one's)doingsth欣赏/感激(某人)做某事appreciate+that/wh从句理解/明白……Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould…如果您能……，我将不胜感激。show/expressone’sappreciationtosb.向某人表达感谢之情【即学即练】1.Iappreciate____________(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourpanytwoyearsago.2.I'mwritingto_________________________(表达一下我对你的感激之情)forwhatyoudidformeduringmystayinLondon.3._______________________________(我将非常感激)ifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience.答案：1.beinggiven2.expressmyappreciation3.Iwouldreallyappreciateit9.strugglen.&vi.奋斗；斗争；搏斗【常用搭配】strugglefor…为……而努力struggleagainst/with…与……进行斗争strugglewithsb与某人搏斗/扭打struggletodosth努力做某事Itis/wasastruggle(forsb)todosth做某事(对某人而言)是困难的事【即学即练】1.Somefarmerswouldliketoleavetheirhometownandgotoworkincities,struggling_________(provide)bettereducationfortheirchildren.2.Atpresent，Chinahastostruggle__________allkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.3.Fromnowon,youshould_________________(为你的梦想而奋斗)andyouwillgettheofferfromBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.答案：10.【词汇拓展】____________n.要求；需求vt.强烈要求→____________adj.要求高的；难满足的答案：demand,demanding【常用搭配】bein(great)demand需求大；抢手meet/satisfyone’sdemands满足某人的需求demandfor…对……的需求demandthatsb(should)dosth强烈要求某人做某事demandtodosth要求做某事【即学即练】1.Becauseitwasa________(demand)task，themanagerdemandedthatwe__________(work)extrahourstomeetcustomers'________(demand)．2.Asnewmembersare__________________(招收)inourbasketballclub,I'mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinit.3.Fatherdemandedthetwins______________________(把厨房打扫干净)whenhehelpedmakebreakfast.答案：1.demand,(should)work,demands2.indemand3.(should)cleanupthekitchen11.【词汇拓展】____________vt.联系、讲述→____________adj.相关的→___________n.亲戚adj.相对的→____________n.关系、联系、亲戚→____________n.关系、联系答案：relate，related，relative，relation，relationship【常用搭配】relatesthtosth把某物和某物联系起来relateto与……有关；涉及；谈到berelatedto与……有关in/withrelationto有关……【即学即练】1.Childrenwillreceiveluckmoneyfromtheir___________(relative)duringtheSpringFestival.2.Accordingtoscientist,theycouldtellwhothedeadwasrelated__________withabloodtest.3.WhentalkingaboutBeijing,peoplewilleasilyrelateBeijingduck___________it.答案：1.relatives2.to3.to12.dateback(to…)追溯到【点拨】dateback(to)一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态。【常用搭配】datebackto=datefrom追溯到；始于(datebackto只用一般现在时)outofdate过时的todate迄今为止duedate到期日【即学即练】1.Thetemple_________________(始于)478BC.2.Hewantedtobuyanewpairbecausethispairis___________(过时的).3.HarryPotteristhemostwonderfulnovelI__________(read)todate.答案：outofdate3.haveread二．单元重点短语（汉译英）1.注意

______________2.既不……也不……______________3.追溯到

______________4.不再

______________5.在……扮演角色;发挥重要作用

______________6.谈到;指的是;描述;查阅

______________7.浮沉;兴衰;荣辱

______________8.观点;看法

______________9.……有困难______________10.与……相关;涉及;谈到

______________11.各种各样的

______________12.认为……是……

______________13.数以亿计的

______________14.去购物

______________15.开……的玩笑

______________16.过去常常

______________17.习惯于

______________18.与……相比较

______________19.考虑

______________20.依靠，依赖

______________21.比……年长

______________答案：1.payattentionto3.datebackto4.nolonger5.playagreatrolein6.referto7.upsanddowns8.pointofview9.haveproblems/troublewith10.relateto11.varietiesof12.regard...as...13.billionsof14.goshopping15.jokewith16.usedto17.get/beusedto18.pare...with19.thinkabout20.dependon21.seniorto三．单句语法填空用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Thereare_________(variety)waysofdoingthis.【解析】修饰名词ways前应用形容词，故填various。Heexpressedhis____________(appreciate)fortheirhelp.【解析】形容词性物主代词(his)后应接名词，故填appreciation。3.Thecampsiteprovidedonly_______(base)facilities.【解析】修饰名词facilities应用形容词，故填basic。4.Weseektoimprove_________(relate)betweenourtwocountries.【解析】及物动词improve后接名词作宾语；又因形容人、团体、国家之间的关系通常用复数，填可数名词的复数形式relations，故填relations。5.Thelibrarycontainsmanypopular__________(refer)books.【解析】修饰名词books可用名词reference来修饰，意为“参考书籍”，故填reference。6.Hegaveanexact____________(describe)ofthepairofpantsthathelost.【解析】此处是“a(n)+adj.+n.+of”结构，填describe的名词形式description，故填description。7.Theworkisphysically____________(demand),andsheistooweaktodoit.【解析】系动词is后应接形容词作表语，故填demanding。8.Intheclassicnovel,many_________(classic)architecturesaredescribed.【解析】修饰名词architectures应用形容词。classic和classical都是形容词，前者表示经典、典型的，常常修饰example/music/case/ballet/novel；后者表示古典的，常常修饰architecture/work/scholar，故填classical。9.Weneedtostartthinking_________(globe),especiallyintoday’srapidlychangingworld.【解析】修饰动词thinking应用副词，故填globally。10.ManyChinesecharacters______________________(symbol)theirmeanings,unlikeEnglishwordswhicharespeltoutaccordingtohowtheysound.【解析】由后面的are可知本句时态为一般现在时，且主语ManyChinesecharacters为复数，与动词是主动关系，故填symbolise/symbolize。11.Remember__________(specific)yoursizewhenorderingclothes.【解析】因remembertodosth是固定搭配，意为“记得去做某事”，故填tospecify。12.Her_______(nation)languageisKorean.【解析】修饰名词language应用形容词，故填native。四．课文经典回顾课本知识语法填空自测Despitemanyupsanddownsinitshistory,Chinais1_______(wide)knownforitsancientcivilisation.OneofthemainfactorsthatmakethispossiblehasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.ThewrittenChinesecoulddatebacktoseveralthousandyearsago2_______apicturebasedlanguagewascarvedassymbolsonanimalbonesandshells.Overtheyears,thewritingsystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,and3_______(variety)ofdialectsandcharactersappeared.However,EmperorQinshihuangunitedsevenmajorstates4_____Chinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Sotoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallmunicatein5_________(write).WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwith6____(it)past.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhich7_____________(write)byChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersas8____artform,known9_____Chinesecalligraphy,whichhasbeeanimportantpartofChineseculture.Today,asChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthis10__________(amaze)language.【解析】1.考查词性转换。修饰动词known应用副词。2.考查连词。引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语，先行词是severalthousandyearsago，故填when。3.考查名词单复数。因varietiesof是固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。4.考查连词。句意：然而，秦始皇统一了七大国家，因此中国的书写系统开始向一个方向发展。由句意可知，两个句子之间是因果关系；又因下文有So，避免重复故填and。5.考查非谓语动词。介词in后接ing形式作宾语。6.考查代词。修饰名词past应用形容词性物主代词。7.考查被动语态。本句时态为一般过去时，且先行词theclassicworks是复数，与write是被动关系，故填werewritten。8.考查冠词。修饰名词短语artform应用不定冠词，泛指“一种艺术形式”。又因art读音以元音因素开头，故用an。9.考查介词。因beknownas是固定搭配，意为“作为……而闻名”。10.考查词性转换。修饰名词language应用形容词。五．阅读理解阅读下面题文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"and"v",weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.1.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi'sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.2.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.4.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivemunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisaplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【解析】本文主要讲述了人类语音的发展与农业的发展水平有关，因为农业的发展会带来饮食结构的变化。1.D细节理解题。由题干中的DamiánBlasi可定位到第二段，由“NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.”可知，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamiánBlasi领导的一个研究团队发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因，即DamiánBlasi研究的重点是语音的演变，故选D项。2.C细节理解题。由第三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals”及“Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.”可知，古代成年人的上下门牙平齐，因此很难发出唇齿音。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆咬合结构，使其更易发出这种唇齿音。由此可见，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使得他们很难发出唇齿音，故选C项。3.A段落大意题。前一段提到，研究团队指出这种咬合变化与新石器时代农业的发展有关。第五段主要讲了，语言数据库的分析也“证实(confirmed)”，自新石器时代起，世界各种语言的发音变化是全球性的，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。由此可见，第五段主要是为上文的研究结果提供证据，故选A项。4.C推理判断题。由题干中的StevenMoran可定位到最后一段，由本段中的“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstable…butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution”可知，我们使用的语音并非一直保持稳定，如今所发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。由此可见，StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统，故选C项。六．七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有利项为多余选项。（2023年1月浙江省卷）Withgaspricesrisingandairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?paredtootheralternatives,it'sfortableandrelaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.Planahead.Mostlongdistancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaracmodations,selloutveryquickly.36Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it'sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdoublecheckallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.37Thenyouwon'thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.Bringablanket.Whenyou'reridingontrains,youwon'tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.38Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.Arriveearly.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.39Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.Havefun.40Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworldunfoldoutsidethewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600（thenumberofsecondsinanhour）bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile（thedistancebetweentwomileposts）.Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you'regoing67.92mph.A.Traintripsaren'tforimpatienttypes.B.You'llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C.Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D.That'sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E.Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F.Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G.Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat'srightnexttothediner.【解析】本文介绍了一些使在国内火车旅行更舒适的建议。1.D本段主题是“提前计划”。前文提到，大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就售完了；后文提到，但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订车票。选项D中busysummermonths与后文的nomatterwhen相呼应，且选项中的that指代前面整个句子，说明繁忙的夏季尤其如此，因此需要提前计划。2.G前文提到，一个好的旅行代理人有时可以帮你买到打折的票；后文提到，这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。选项G“他可能还会帮你订到紧临餐车的卧铺车厢”与前文为并列关系，与后文形成因果关系，且选项中的he指代上文的travelagent(旅行代理人)。3.C前文提到，当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子；后文提到，特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毯子，选项C“列车上的温度通常很难控制”符合语境，故选C项。4.E前文提到，大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。选项E“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一趟(火车)”说明了错过火车导致的结果，符合语境。5.A后文提到，看书、织毛衣、做纵横字谜游戏、看看窗外的世界或者计算火车的运行速度等，这些都是在火车上打发时间的方式，由此可推断火车旅行需要花的时间比较长，因此火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人，选项A符合语境。七.完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lucasmajorsinclassiclinguistics.Heisequaltorecognizingalanguageina1waynomatterhowunfamiliaritis.Lastyear,he2ashellwithsometotallystrange3carvedonitatastall(小摊).Basedonhisdemanding4,heknewitwasfromasmallvillage.Besides,after5manyrelatedreferencebooks,hehadhispointofview:thesymbolswere6asavarietyofthewritingsystemofJiaguwen,akindofwritingsystemwhichdatesbackto1500BC.Lucashada7attitudetothediscoveryandappliedtohisuniversityforafurtherresearchbyvisitingthevillage.Withpermissiongiven,hevisitedit.Hefoundthemothertongueofthevillagerswasaspecialdialect,whosevocabulary8fromMandarin(普通话)spokenby1.4billionpeople.Despitemany9,understandingthedialectandfindingmoreshellshelpedhimpleteareport.Thereportwas10,wherehegaveafulldescription:Thecharacters11byasmallnationintheShangDynastywerepasseddownbymeansofbonesand12.Afterwards,thenationwentthroughupsanddowns,13forhundredsofyears.Butit14disappearedduetosomefactors.Lucas’sreportwasa15intheacademicfield,attractingmorepeopletothesespecialcharacters.1.A.global B.narrow C.native D.specific2.A.appreciatedB.begged C.discoveredD.buried3.A.pants B.symbols C.affairs D.gaps4.A.investigation B.calligraphyC.deliveryD.summary5.A.referringto B.applyingforC.sweepingaway D.ingalong6.A.honored B.remended C.employedD.regarded7.A.extra B.seriousC.calm D.suitable8.A.sufferedB.learnedC.differed D.survived9.A.emergenciesB.disastersC.crashes D.challenges10.A.suppliedB.destroyedC.tracked D.published11.A.shelteredB.affected C.createdD.damaged12.A.bricksB.shells C.apartmentsD.pipes13.A.strugglingB.erupting C.unifyingD.tapping14.A.fluently B.positively C.finally D.extremely15.A.gas B.hit C.subway D.champion【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，体现了“人与社会”的主题语境。本文主要讲述了主修语言学的在校生卢卡斯意外地发现了一枚刻着特殊符号的贝壳，通过调查，得知是甲骨文的变体，他申请了研究并取得突破，他的研究成果引起了轰动。1.D选项：global全球的，全世界的；narrow狭窄的；native出生地的，本地的；specific特定的。由本句的“nomatterhowunfamiliaritis”可知，他能用“特定的(specific)”方法认出一种语言来，不论这种语言多么不常见。2.C选项：appreciated欣赏；begged恳求；discovered发现；buried埋葬。由本句“he2ashellwithsometotallystrange3carvedonitatastall”及下文的“thesymbolswere…”可知，他在一个小摊上“发现(discovered)”了一个贝壳，上面刻着一些完全陌生的“符号”，symbols属于原词复现。3.B选项：pants裤子；symbols符号；affairs事务；gaps缺口。见上题解析。4.A选项：investigation调查；calligraphy书法；delivery运送，演讲方式；summary总结。由本句的“heknewitwasfromasmallvillage.”可知，基于他严谨的“调查(investigation)”，他知道这个贝壳是来自一个小村庄。5.A选项：referringto参考；applyingfor申请；sweepingaway彻底消除；ingalong跟随。由本句的“manyrelatedreferencebooks”可知，“参考(referringto)”了很多相关的参考书。6.D选项：honored尊重；remended推荐；employed利用；regarded把……视为。由本句的“asavarietyofthewritingsystemofJiaguwen”和常识可知，这些符号被“认为(regarded)”是甲骨文书写体系的一种变体。7.B选项：extra额外的；serious严肃的；calm冷静的；suitable合适的。上文提到这些符号被认为是追溯到公元前1500年的甲骨文书写体系的一种变体，又由本句“appliedtohisuniversityforafurtherresearchbyvisitingthevillage”可知，卢卡斯对这个发现有“严肃的(serious)”态度，他向他的大学申请了通过到那个村庄去做更深入的研究。8.C选项：suffered遭受；learned学习；differed不同于；survived生存。从本句的“Hefoundthemothertongueofvillagerswasaspecialdialect”可知，这种方言的词汇“不同于(differedfrom)”和14亿人讲的普通话的词汇，前后比较。9.D选项：emergencies紧急事件；disasters灾难；crashes碰撞；challenges挑战。上文提到卢卡斯第一次来到这个小村庄，且村民都说方言，以及由常识可知，掌握方言和做研究肯定是充满了很多“挑战(challenges)”。10.D选项：supplied提供；destroyed破坏；tracked追踪；published发表。空格前提到他完成了报告，由下文的“attractingmorepeopletothesespecialcharacters”可知，报告被“发表(published)”了。11.C选项：sheltered庇护；affected影响；created创造；damaged损坏。由空后的“byasmallnationintheShangDynasty”可知，这些汉字是由商朝的一个小民族所“创造(created)”的。12.B选项：bricks砖；shells贝壳；apartments公寓；pipes管。由上文的“he2ashell”及“findingmoreshellshelpedhimpleteareport”可知，推断出这些文字是刻在骨头和“贝壳”上的，shell属于词语复现。13.A选项：struggling挣扎；erupting喷发；unifying统一；tapping轻叩。由本句的“Afterwards,thenationwentthroughupsanddowns,13forhundredsofyears”可知，这个民族经历了兴衰沉浮，“挣扎(struggling)”了几百年。14.C选项：fluently流利地；positively积极地；finally最终地；extremely非常地。由本句的“Butit14disappeared…”可知，这个民族经历了兴衰沉浮，挣扎了数百年，但是由于一些因素“最终(finally)”消失了。15.B选项：gas气体；hit轰动的事；subway地铁；champion冠军。由本句的“attractingmorepeopletothesespecialcharacters”和常识可知，卢卡斯的报告在学术界引起了“轰动(hit)”，吸引了更多的人关注这些特殊的汉字。八．语法填空(2023届山东潍坊期末考试)NationalGeographicexplorerPaulSalopekhasjusthikedacrossErlangMountaininSouthwestChina’sSichuanprovince.Thisisjustastartofhis1_____________(ambition)planoftrekking(跋涉)inChina.Asatrekkerwithglobalfootprints,Salopekismittedtoexperiencingdifferentculturesallovertheworldand2___________(record)thelivesofpeopleheencountersonhisjourney.China,alargecountrywithdiversenaturalandhumanlandscapes,3_____(be)animportantstoponSalopek’sglobaltrek.StartinginSeptember2021,SalopeksetofffromYunnanprovinceand4__________(plan)towalkthroughmanyregions.“Myrouteisnotalwaystofamoustouristlandmarks,”saystheexplorer,wholikestovisitgrassrootsareas5_________(find)reallife.“Itcouldbesomeone’sdinnertable,6____thesightofanoldethnicBaiweavingathome.”Becauseeverystepofthewayisnewtohim,Salopektriestokeepanopenmindaboutwherehecanseekmemorable7__________(thing).SalopekisalsowitnessingChina’sachievementsinthefieldsofecology,wildlifeconservation.“Ihikedacrossotherplaces8_________(empty)oftheirwildlifebyhumanbeings.TheGaoligongMountainsrepresentsachanceforfort,”Salopeksayswhilehikingacrossthemountains.Salopekisstillcurrently9_____theroad,walkingacrossChina,10________journeyinChinaisbeingrecordedbyafilmcrewfora10episodedocumentaryseriesentitledTheForeverWalk:China.【解析】1.考查词性转换。修饰名词plan，应用形容词作定语，故填ambitious。2.考查非谓语动词。空格处与experiencing为并列关系，也应用v.ing形式，故填recording。3.考查动词时态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语China为第三人称单数，故填is。4.考查动词的时态。由时间状语inSeptember2021可知，此处用一般过去时，故填planned。5.考查非谓语动词。作目的状语应用动词不定式，故填tofind。6.考查连词。句意：它可能是某人的餐桌，也可能是一个白族老人在家编织的景象。根据句意可知，空格前后是并列关系，表示的是可能性，应用or连接，故填or。7.考查名词单复数。因thing为可数名词，前无冠词修饰，用复数形式，故填things。8.考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词hiked，故empty应为非谓语动词，又因主语places与empty在逻辑上为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动，故填emptied。9.考查介词。因ontheroad为固定搭配，意为“在路上”，故填on。10.考查连词。分析句子成分可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指Salopek在中国的旅行，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，修饰journey，故填whose。九．单元重点句式句型1：nomatterwhere/which...“无论在哪里/无论哪一个……”引导让步状语从句说明：nomatter+“特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句时,相当于“特殊疑问词ever”引导的从句。例：Nomatterwho(=whoever)phones,tellthemI’mout.Nomatterwhen(=whenever)youe,pleasecallmefirst.Putdownwhatever(≠nomatterwhat)youaredoingandetotheparty.练透：(无论你参观哪个旅游景点),you'dbettereatvariouslocalfoodandexperiencelocalculturesandcustoms.2.Don’ttrusthim,___________________________________(无论他说什么).3.________________________(无论何时遇到麻烦),feelfreetocontactme.4.______________________(无论谁来),pleaseaskhimtakethetemperaturefirst.答案：1.Nomatterwhich/Whichevertouristattractionyouvisit2.whateverhesaysheneverintrouble4.Nomatterwhoeveres句型2：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语),the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)．..越……，(……)越……练透：1.ThemoreIlearntofalanguage,______________(我的大脑就会越发达).2.Themoreoftenyouseizeopportunitiestotalktotheforeigners,_____________________________(你就越自信)youwillbewhenspeakingaforeignlanguage.答案：1.themoremybrainwouldgrow2.themoreconfident句型3：“beof＋名词”结构练透：1.Thatwritingsystemwas_____________________(具有重要意义)inunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.2.Frommypointofview，strikingabalancebetweenonlinelearningandourlife_______________(非常重要)．答案：1.ofgreatimpo