美国文学选读复习课件

美国文学选读复习PPTBy@橙子不酸233美国文学选读复习PPTBy1题型：一、连线题（10’）作家、作品二、单选（30’）作品内容、文学常识、流派、写作技巧三、填空（40’）20个空，经典文本的重点章节解读。四、识别文本并评论（20’）题型：21)RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·华尔多·艾默生

超验主义哲学Transcendentalism；人文主义Humanism作品：①论自然Nature②论美国学者TheAmericanscholar③神学院致辞TheDivinityschooladdress④论文集Essays：FristSeries&.....Second⑤人类代表Representativemen⑥英国特征EnglishTraits⑦人生的行为theconductoflife⑧诗集Poems⑨五月节May-Dayandotherpieces1)RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·华尔多·31)RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·华尔多·艾默生

《Self-reliance论自立》选自《Essays论文集》“不论在何处，社会总是阴谋反对每一个社会成员的阳刚之气，...要想做一个男子汉，首先就要做一个拒绝随波逐流的人。”惧怕舆论和强迫自己始终如一就只会使自己的创造力和独创精神丧失殆尽。1)RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·华尔多·42）NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑心理分析小说（Psychologicalnovel）的开创者；浪漫主义作家Romanticism作品：范肖Fanshawe故事重述Twice-toldtales古宅青苔Mossesfromanoldmanse带有七个尖角阁的房子thehouseofthesevengables福谷传奇TheblithedaleRomance玉石雕像TheMarbleFaun红字thescarletletter2）NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑心52）NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑【Styleandtheme】MuchofHawthome'swritingcentersaroundNewEngland,manyworksfeaturingmoralallegorieswithaPuritaninspiration.HisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovementandmorespecifically,darkRomanticism.Histhemesoftencenterontheinherentevilandsinofhumanity,andhisworksoftenhavemoralmessagesanddeeppsychologicalcomplexity.2）NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑【62）NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑红字：TheseverityofthePuritaniccodeoflawA--Adultery→angleable为什么女主把胸前的A绣得那么精美？1、loveforA2、Sheknowsthatshewasguilty,itmeanssin.人物：女主：HesterPrynne丈夫：ArthurChillingworth情人：RodgerDimmesdale女儿：Pearl“Thekingdomofheavenislikemerchantsinsearchoffinepearls;onfingdingonepearlofgreatvaluehewentandsoldallhehadandboughtit.”2）NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑红73）HermanMelville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔象征主义文学大师Symbolism①白鲸MobyDick②泰比Typee③欧穆Omoo④玛地Mardi⑤雷德本Redburn⑥白外衣WhiteJacket⑦骗子的化装表演Theconfidenceman⑧战事集BattlePieces⑨约翰·玛尔和其他水手JohnMarrandothersailors⑩提摩里昂Timoleon11\毕利伯德BillyBudd3）HermanMelville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔象征主义84）HenryDavidThoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗超验主义代表人：Transcendentalism，itwasromanticidealismonPuritansoil.分为四个内容1、oversoul、spiritualpower超灵2、TruimphofIntuitionoversenses3、exaltationoftheindividualoversociety4、newandthrillingdelightinnature作品：①论公民的不服从OnthedutyofCivilDisobedience②马萨诸塞州的奴隶制③瓦尔登湖WaldenAmericanRenaissance--thefirstAmericanintellectualmovements,exertingatremendousimpactontheconsciousnessofAmericans.4）HenryDavidThoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗94）HenryDavidThoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden：瓦尔登湖setting：19thAm.Walden--aquietdwellingbesidealake,awayfromtheIndustrilizedAm,Plot:aself-sufficientliving--simple,free,closetonature,whole,healthy.Theme:agreenlife4）HenryDavidThoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗105)HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗浪漫主义诗人Romanticism①夜吟VoicesoftheNight②歌谣及其他BalladsandOtherpoems③伊凡杰林Evangeline④海华沙之歌ThesongofHiawatha⑤Ishotanarrow我射出一支箭&Apsalmoflife人生颂5)HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利115)HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗--Romanticism

Ishotanarrow我射出一支箭&Apsalmoflife人生颂主题：Lifeisnotadream,seizethedaybutholdonyourpatience---“Learntolaborandtowait”.抑扬格iambic（unstressed-stressed）四音步tetrameter5)HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利126）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡【作者简介】EdgarAllanPoewasanAmericanpoet,short-storywriter,editorandliterarycritic,andisconsideredpartoftheAmericanRomanticMovement.【Romanticism】isacomplexartistic,literaryandintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Itwaspartlyarevoltagainstaristocratic,socialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature,andwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,musicandliterature.6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡【作者简136）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡

诗歌：①《帖木儿》Tamerlaneandotherpoems②《艾尔·阿拉夫》Alaraaf③《诗集》Poems④《乌鸦》TheRaven⑤Sonnet-ToScience十四行诗，致科学6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡

诗歌：146）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡

小说①述异集TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque②故事集Tales③厄舍大厦的倒塌ThefallofthehouseofUsher④红色死亡假面舞会TheMasqueoftheRedDeath⑤莉盖亚Ligeia⑥黑猫Theblackcat⑦阿芒提拉多的酒桶thecaskofAmontillado⑧莫格街谋杀案MurdersintheRueMorgue⑨被窃的信件ThePurloinedLetter⑩金甲虫TheGoldBug理论11《创作哲学》Thephilosophyofcomposition12《诗歌原理》thepoeticprinciple6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡

小说156）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡Sonnet-ToScience十四行诗，致科学主题：​UnderthetraditionalShakespeareansonnetstructure,Poeexpresses

accusationsofscience.It'sspokenthroughthevisionofapassionatemanmourningthe

slaughterofmythology,fantasy,artbyitsallegedarchenemy,Science.Scienceisportrayedasevilandwordslike"preyest","Vulture",and"torn"areusedtodescribe

sciencenegativeimpactonmankind.抑扬格五音步：iambicpentameter6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾伦·坡Sonn167)WaltWhitman沃尔特·惠特曼

自由诗（freeverse）创始人，人文主义者Humanism作品：①草叶集LeavesofGrass②我歌唱自我One’sselfIsing----freeman;Americanspirit主题：HumanisthewonderofChina7)WaltWhitman沃尔特·惠特曼

自由诗（fr178)EmilyDickinson艾米丽·迪金森Romanticism①Tomakeaprairie要描绘一片草原Theme：Imagination②Successiscountedsweetest

Theme：peopletendtodesiremoreacutelythingswhentheydon’thavethem.8)EmilyDickinson艾米丽·迪金森Romant189)Mark·Twain马克·吐温乡土特色（localcolor）；口语体发端人；批判现实主义Criticalrealism①卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙Thecelebratedjumpingfrogofcalaverascounty②傻瓜出国记TheInnocentsAbroad③镀金时代TheGildedAge④汤姆·索亚历险记TheadventuresofTomSawyer⑤密西西比河上LifeonMississippi⑥哈克贝里·费恩历险记TheadventuresofHuckleberryFinn⑦亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国佬AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt⑧傻瓜威尔逊ThetragedyofPudd’nheadWilson⑨败坏了哈德莱堡的人ThemantahtcorruptedHadleyburg10、百万英镑TheMillionPoundNote9)Mark·Twain马克·吐温乡土特色（localc1910)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩Realism①街头女郎麦姬Maggie：thegirlofthestreets②红色英雄勋章Theredbadgeofcourage③新娘来到黄天镇ThebridecomestoYellowSky④蓝色旅馆TheBlueHotel⑤海上扁舟Theopenboat10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩Realis2010)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩-Realism

海上扁舟Theopenboat--notbesheltered写作手法：自然主义和印象主义naturalism&impressionism人物：厨子Thecook、油工Theoiler、记者correspondent、船长captain

representingdifferenceclassesinsociety：leader、worker、intellectualandsoon.10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩-Reali2110)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩-Realism

海上扁舟Theopenboat--·place：dingy-地球-small,crowded,ingreatdanger.onthesea-宇宙-roaring,tempestuous,dangerousandindifferent.·结局：Theoilerdied,whileotherssurvived.·主题:Natureisindifferent,butwehumanbeingscanbesympatheticandsupportiveandcaringtoeachother.10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩-Reali2210)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩-Realism

8cigarsWhycigars？Whynotkeys?Coins?Pens?---Cigarsmoking-oneoftheearliesthobbieofmanenjoyment,blissofliving.Whythenumber8?Why4dryand4wet?---4-4:eachofthesurvivorswouldhave1dryand1wetcigar--Theirchanceofbeingsavedanddrownedishalfandhalf.8:resurrection10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克莱恩-Reali2311)SherwoodAnderson舍伍德·安德森

作品：着墨于人物内心活动与冲突1）WindyMcPherson'sson饶舌的麦克佛逊的儿子2）Winesburg俄亥俄州的温斯堡镇（小镇畸人）4）Thetriumphoftheegg鸡蛋的胜利4）前进中的人们MarchingMen5）穷白人PoorWhite6）马与人HorsesandMne7）多种婚姻ManyMarriage8）阴沉的笑声DarkLaughter9）超越欲望BeyondDesire10）林中之死DeathintheWoods11)SherwoodAnderson舍伍德·安德森

作品2411)SherwoodAnderson舍伍德·安德森Thetriumphoftheegg--文体简洁朴实，口语化Eggreferstomaterialandzero——nothing人物：I&father&mother&JoeKaneFatheristhevictimofAmeirican（Dollar）Dream.Motherisateacher,representingknowledge.·AmericnaDream（freedom，faithandwealth）→deterioratedAm.Dream（20C初，morematerialistic.）11)SherwoodAnderson舍伍德·安德森The2512)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAge爵士时代和迷惘一代流派代言人；TheJazzAge；TheLostGeneration作品：人间天堂Thissideofparadise漂亮的冤家Thebeautifulandthedamned姑娘们与哲学家们FlappersandPhilosophers.爵士乐时代的故事TalesoftheJazzAge夜色温柔TenderistheNight崩溃TheCrack-up了不起的盖茨比ThegreatGatsby12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--Th2612)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAge

TheJazzAge:1920sbeginningwiththeendofWWIin1919,endingwiththeGreatDepressionin1929.Roaringtwenties:Aperiodofsustainedeconomicprosperityinwhichjazzmusicanddancestylesbecamepopular.ThespiritoftheRoaringTwentieswasmarkedbyageneralfeelingofdescontinutyandabreakwithtraditions.12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--Th2712)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAgeTheinfluenceofJazz:torebelagainstthetraditionalcultureofpreviousgenerations.womensmokingcigarettes,freetalkaboutsex,andnewradioconcerts.Traditionalistswereagainstatwhattheyconsideredthebreakdownofmorality,promotingpromiscuity.12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--Th2812)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAgeTheGreatGatsby--

AportraitoftheJazzAgeortheRoaringTwenties人物：NickCarraway:AYalegraduate,aveteran,fromthemidwesttoNY,narratorJayGatsby:fromthemidwest,inNY,mysteriousmillionaire,bootleggingalcohol,indesperatelovewithDaisy(Crime-idealism)Daisy:frommidwest,marriedamillionaireinNY,attractive,shallow,self-absorbed.12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--Th2912)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAge

主题：Fitzgerald"hascometobeassociatedwiththisconceptoftheAmericanDreammorethananyotherwriterofthe20thC."a"cautionarytaleofthedecadentdownsideoftheAmericandream"disillusionmentwiththeAmericanDream--life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.exploringthetrailsandtribulationsofachievingthegreatAmericanDreamduringtheJazzAge.12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--Th3013）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳作品：关注南方穷白人streamofconsciousness意识流作家大理石牧神TheMarbleFaun士兵的报酬Soldier'spay蚊群Mosquitoes喧嚣与骚动TheSoundandthefury我弥留之际AsIlaydying八月之光lightinAugust押沙龙，押沙龙！Absalom，Absalom！13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳作品：关3113）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳

著名小说意识流

streamofconsciousness沙多里斯Sartoris村子TheHamlet小镇TheTown大宅TheMansion烧牲口棚BarnBurning13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳

著名小3213）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳

烧牲口棚BarnBurning--人物：Sarty：theson，sufferfromtellingthetruth,andfinallyexposewhathisfatherdid.Harris:thefather,southernpoorwhite，refusetochange13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳

烧牲口3313）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳

SouthernLiterature（literatureoftheAmericanSouth）南方文学isdefinedasAmericanliteratureabouttheSouthernUnitedStatesorbywritersfromthissouthernliteratureincludeafocusonacommonSouthernhistory,thesignificanceoffamily,asenseofconmmunityandone'srolewithinit,asenseofjustice,theregion'sdominantreligion(Christianity--seeProtestantism)andtheburdens/rewardsreligionoftenbrings,issuesofracialtension,landandthepromiseitbrings,asenseofsocialclassandplace,andtheuseoftheSoutherndialect.13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳

Sou3414)ErnestHemingway厄内斯特·海明威作品：冰山原则TheIcebergTheory

迷惘的一代thelostgeneration代表作家永别了，武器Afarewelltoarms在我们的时代里InOurtime太阳照常升起Thesunalsorises丧钟为谁而鸣ForWhomthebelltolls老人与海Theoldmanandthesea14)ErnestHemingway厄内斯特·海明威作品：3514)ErnestHemingway额内斯特·海明威minimalisticstyle:Journalisticwriting,particularlyfornewpapers,focusesonlyoneventsbeingreported,omittingsuperfluousandextraneousmatter,focusingonsurfaceelememtswithoutexplicitlydiscussingtheunderlyingthemes.​14)ErnestHemingway额内斯特·海明威min3614)ErnestHemingway额内斯特·海明威

TheIcebergTheory(thetheoryofomission)isthewritingstyleofAmericanwriterErnestHemingway."Youcouldomitanythingifyouknewthatyouomittedandtheomittedpartwouldstrengthenthestoryandmakepeoplefeelsthmorethantheyunderstood.""Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabout,hemayomitthingsthathekonwsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,wilhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eightofitbeingabovewater."14)ErnestHemingway额内斯特·海明威

Th3715）20thCAmericanpoets①EzraPound埃兹拉·庞德意象主义Imagismwasamovementinearly20th-centuryAnglo-Americanpoetrythatfavoredprecisionofimageryandclear,sharplanguage.TheImagistsrejectedthesentimentanddiscursivenesstypicalofmuchRomanticandVictorianPoetry.Imagismcalledfordirectnessofpresentationandeconomyoflanguage,aswellasawillingnesstoexperimentwithnon-traditionalforms.15）20thCAmericanpoets①Ezra3815）20thCAmericanpoets①EzraPound埃兹拉·庞德作品：狂喜Exultations人物Personae中国Cathay诗章CantosInastationofthemetro在一个地铁车站【文本分析