全国中考英语阅读冲刺(四)社会文化篇

SectionIV社会文化篇Passage32Formostpeople,theword“fashion”means“clothes”.Butpeoplemayaskthequestion,“Whatclothesareinfashion?”Andtheyusetheadjective(形容词)“fashionable”inthesameway:“Shewaswearingafashionablecolor.”Butofcoursetherearefashionsinmanythings,notonlyinclothes.Therearefashionsinholidays,inrestaurants,infilmsandbooks.Thereareevenfashionsinschoolsubjects,jobs…andinlanguages.Fashionschangeastimegoes.Ifyoulookatpicturesofpeopleorthingsfromthepast,youwillseethatfashionshavealwayschanged.AnEnglishhouseof1750wasdifferentfromhisgrandsonin1860.Todayfashionschangeveryquickly.Someofthisisnatural(自然的).Wehearaboutthingsmuchmorequicklythaninthepast.Newspapers,radios,telephonesandtelevisionsendinformationfromonecountrytoanotherinafewhours.Newfashionsmeanthatpeoplewillbuynewthings,soyouseethereismoneyinfashion.1.Fromthispassageweknowthat“fashion”means_________.A.clothesB.manythingsC.mostofthepopularthingsD.everything2.Whichofthefollowingthingsisfashionabletoday?A.SurfingontheInternetB.HavingafamilydinneronNewYear’sDayC.LearningtosingsongsontheradioD.Doingmorningexercisesatschool.3.Todayfashionschangeveryquicklybecause_______.A.PeoplereadnewspaperseverydayB.radiossendinformationfromonecountrytoanotherC.newthingsthatpeoplelikeareoftenshownonTVD.peoplequicklylearnwhatishappeningintheworld4.“Thereismoneyinfashion.”means________.A.clothesareexpensiveB.moneycomesfromfashionC.peoplelikenewthingsD.therearenofashionswithoutmoneyPassage33FirstFrenchman:Ionceheardsomeoneshout,"Lookout,"Iputmyheadoutofawindowandabasin(盆)ofwaterfellonme.Itseemsthat"Lookout"maymean"don‘tlookout."SecondFrenchman:OnceIwasonashipandheardthecaptain(船长)shout,"Allhandsondeck,"Iputmyhandsonthedeckandsomeonewalkedonthem.ThirdFrenchman:IoncevisitedanEnglishfriendearlyinthemorningandthemaidwhocametothedoorandsaid,"He’snotupyet.Comebackinhalfanhour,"WhenIwentagainforhim,shesaid,"He‘snotdownyet.""Ifhe’snotupandhe’snotdown,whereishe?"Iasked.Shesaid,"He’sstillinbed.WhenIsay‘He’snotup’Imean‘hehasnotyetgotup’.WhenIsay‘He’snotdown’Imean‘hehasnotyetcomedownstairs,’"1."Lookout"heremeans“_______”.A.putyourheadoutofthewindowandlookB.TakecareC.I’mgoingtopourthewaterD.Helpme2."Allhandsondeck"means“_______”.A.Allthesailorsgather(集合)ondeckB.GiveyourhandstomeC.PutyourrighthandandlefthandondeckD.Shakeyourhandswithmeithsomewordstoshowyouhowtheyarepronounced.Justhavealookthispagewhenyou’renotsurehowtosayaword.Themostimportantreasonforusingadictionaryistofindoutthemeaningofaword—itsDEFINITION.Inthisdictionary,thedefinitionshavebeenwrittenusingonly2000words.Thismeansthatthedefinitionsofeventhemostdifficultwordsaresimplyexplained(简单解释)andeasytounderstand.Whenawordhasmorethanonemeaning,readallthemeaningsuntilyoufindtheonethatcorrectlytellstheuseofthewordyouarelookingfor.Mostofthewordsinthisdictionarycanbeusedbypeopleinallpartsoftheworld.1.Thisdictionarycannothelpyouwith_____.A.singingB.grammarC.spellingD.pronunciation2.____ofthewordsinthedictionaryhavetwospellings.A.AllB.OneC.FewD.Some3.TheAmEspellingoftheChineseword“颜色”inthisdictionaryis______.A.colourB.collarC.colorD.corner4.Thephoneticalphabethelpsyoueachwordcorrectly.A.understandB.writeC.sayD.know5.TheChinesemeaningof“definition”hereis______.A.词性B.词条C.词义D.词库6.Howmanywordsarethereinthisdictionary?_________.A.TwothousandB.OnethousandC.OnehundredD.Wedon’tknow7.Thedictionaryexplains______.A.someofthedifficultwordsB.allthewordsinasimplewayC.alltheeasywordsD.thewordsoftwomeaningsPassage36TheWinterOlympicsisalsocalledtheWhiteOlympics.Atthistime,manycolorfulstampsarepublished(发行)tomark(标志)thegreatGames.ThefirststampsmarkingtheopeningcameoutonJanuary25,1932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.Fromthenon,publishingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecamearule(规定).Duringthe4thWinterOlympicGamesagroupofstampswerepublishedinGermanyinNovember1936.ThefiveringsofOlympicsweredrawnonthefrontofthesportswear.ItwasthefirsttimethattheringsappearedonthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics.Inthe1950’s,thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWhiteOlympicscame,thehostcountries(东道主)aswellasthenon-hostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthoseGames.ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary1980,whentheChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWhiteOlympics.JapanistheonlyAsiancountrythathaseverheldtheWhiteOlympics.Altogether14,500millionstampsweresoldtocollectmoneyforthissportsmeeting.Differentkindsofsportsweredrawnonthesesmallstamps.Peoplecanenjoythebeautyofthewonderfulmovementsofsomesportsmen.1.TheWhiteOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics_______.A.arethesamethingB.aredifferentgamesC.arenotheldinwinterD.areheldinsummer2.TheworldmadeitaruletopublishstampstomarkthegreatworldGames______.A.aftertheyear1936B.afterthe3rdWinterOlympicsC.beforethe3rdWhiteOlympicsD.beforetheyear19323.TheWinterOlympicsisheldonce________.A.everytwoyearsB.everythreeyearsC.everyfouryearsD.everyfiveyears4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.OnlythehostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthoseGames.B.Onlythenon-hostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthoseGames.C.AllthecountriescanpublishstampstomarkthoseGames.D.Japancan’tpublishstampstomarkthoseGames.5.WhatmayappearonthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics?A.Basketball.B.Tabletennis.C.Football.D.Skating.Passage37In1998,WorldCupFootballMatchheldinFrancetookupanewrule.Insteadoftheusualblackandwhiteball,acolorfulballwasusedinthegame.Thenewballwasmadeupof32piecesofthreecolors:red,blueandwhite.Interestinglyenough,theFrenchnationalflaghappenedtobeinthreecolors,too.Besides,32teamstookpartinthecomingWorldCup.Butearlyfootballwasmadeupofeightpiecesofleather.Astimewentby,morepiecesofleatherwereused,from12piecesto18to26andthento32now.Aboutthreemillionsuchnewfootballsweremade.Andthensomeplayerswereplayingthenewballintheirtraining.Themakershavewarnedthegoalkeeperthatthenewballfliesinadirectlineatafastspeed.Aftertryingtheballforsometime,afootballersaidthattheballwasquitedifferentfromthetraditional(传统的)blackandwhiteone,andthatthegoalkeeperwouldfindithardertocatchthem.Anotherfootballersaidthattherewouldbemoregoals.“Fortheplayerontheground,thenewballiseasiertocontrolasitflies.Agoodplayercanshootinmoregoals,”hesaid.1.Whatwasthenewruleinthe1998WorldCupFootballMatch?A.Thenewballmadeupof32piecesofthreecolorswasused.B.Theflagsoftheteamswereinthreecolors.C.Only32teamstookpartinthegame.D.Thewhiteandblackfootballwasusedinstead.2.WhatisthecoloroftheFrenchnationalflag?A.Blackandwhite.B.Redandblack.C.Blue,redandwhiteD.Black,whiteandred.3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisnottrue?A.Earlyfootballsweremadeupofeightpiecesofleatherintwocolors.B.Eighteenpiecesofleatherwereonceusedtomakeafootball.C.Footballersoftenusedtheblackandwhiteballsinthepast.D.Thefootballmadeupoftwelvepiecesofleatherwasjustusedbytwelveteams.4.Itisnoteasyforthegoalkeeperstocatchthenewfootballs,because______.A.theyarenotasbigastheoldonesB.theyflyatafastspeedC.theyaremadeupofmorepiecesofleatherthantheoldonesD.thegoalkeepershaven’ttriedthenewfootball5.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.FootballofNewKindB.98WorldCupFootballMatchC.GoalkeepersandPlayersD.Three-colorFlagofFrancePassage38Mostpeoplehaveflownkitesorhaveseenoneorrideanddipinastrongspringwind.NotsomanypeopleknowthatkiteswerefirstmadeinChinathousandsofyearsago.Theancient(古代的)Chineseweremakingandflyingkitesevenbeforetheywerewriting.Alongtimeago,theChinesemadekitestouseinwars.Theywouldflythesewarkitesinthedark.Thekiteswerefixedsothattheymadestrangesounds.Menwhowereatwarwiththemwouldhearthesesoundsandrunaway.Thethoughtthosesoundsweremadebygodsinthesky.TheancientChinesealsoflewkitestobringgoodluckandtomaketheircropsgrowrichandtall.Sometimestheytiedlongstrings(绳子)andhooks(钩)totheirkites.Thentheywouldflythekitesoverwater,lettingthehookshangdowntocatchfish.TheChineseusesticks,stringsandpaperfortheirkites.Someofthesekiteslooklikeanimalsortrees.Otherslooklikebirdsorhouses.1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat_______.A.kiteswerefirstmadeinChinaB.mostofushaveflownorseenoneC.theancientChineseweremakingkitesbeforetheywerewritingD.theancientChineseweregoodatmakingkites2.InancientChinakitescouldbeusedfor_______.A.catchingfishB.helpingpeopleflyC.wateringthecropsD.helpingpeoplewalkinthedark3.TheancientChineseusedkitesinwarsbecausethekites______.A.couldbringgoodluckB.lookedlikeanimalsC.couldhelpthemwinawarD.couldflyhigh4.TheChineseusuallyuse______fortheirkites.A.sticks,stringsandgrassB.strings,hairandwoodC.paper,stringsandsticksD.paper,ropesandhooks5.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.LuckyKitesB.StrangeKitesC.BeautifulKitesD.ChineseKitesPassage39Shanghai:Carrentals(出租)arebecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtoroads.Businesspeople,foreignandfamiliesalikearemakinggooduseofthegrowingindustry(工业).ThefirstcarrentalcompanyopenedinShanghaiin1992andnow12carrentalplayersareinthegame,withmorethan11,500carsintheirbooks.Thelargestplayer-ShanghaiBasherTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices—deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.Companiescanattract(吸引)enoughcustomers(消费者)for70percentoftheircarseverymonth.Thisfigure(数字)shootsupduringholidayseasonslikeNationalDay,LaborDayandNewYear’sDay,withsomerecording100%rental.Themainmarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees(白领雇员),whocanaffordthenewservice,saidZhuangYu,marketingmanagerofShanghaiAngelCarRentalCo.1.Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto(指)_____.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.70%ofthecarscanberentedoutonholiday.B.70%ofthecustomersarewhite-collaremployees.C.Morefirmsareopenforserviceduringholidayseasons.D.Somefirmsrentoutalltheircarsduringholidayseasons.3.Shanghai’scarrentalindustryisgrowingsofastmainlydueto_________.A.bettercarssuppliedbyproducersB.fastserviceofferedbycarrentalfirmsC.theincreasingnumberofwhite-collaremployeesD.people’sgrowinginterestintravelingduringholidaysPassage40ThecostofmedicalcareintheUnitedStatesisveryhigh.Moretimeandmoneythatdoctorsspendontheirmedicaleducationisprobablyonereasonforthisproblem.Avisittoadoctor’sofficecostsfrom15to50dollars.Itisalmostimpossibleforpeopletopayforthemedicalcaretheyneed.ManypeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkthatdoctorsareoverpaid.Mostdoctors,however,disagree.Theysaythattheywererequired(要求)tostudymedicineforalongtime.Tuitionformanyyearsofmedicaleducationcostsalotofmoney.Doctorssaythatitisnecessaryformostmedicalstudentstoborrowmoneyfrombanktopaytheirtuition.Becausetheirmoneymustberepaidtothebank,youngdoctorsneedtoreceivealotofmoneyfortheirwork.So,theycharge(收费)peoplehighpricesformedicalcare.Therefore,itispossiblethatthehighcostofmedicalcareinAmericaisunnecessary,becausehightuitionisonecauseofhighcosts.Onewaytolowercostswouldbetohavemedicalschoolsthatarefreeorhavelowtuition.1.Theword“tuition”inthepassageprobablyrefersto____.A.teachingthestudentsB.studyingthecoursesC.paymentforeducationD.livingatschool2.Thereasonforthehighmedicalcosttoldinthepassageisthat_________.A.tuitioninmedicalschoolsishighB.thepriceofmedicineishighC.doctorsareoverpaidD.doctorsmustpaymoneytothebanks3.Onewaytolowerthecostofmedicalcarewouldbe____.A.nottoseeadoctorB.topaydoctorslessmoneyC.toletmedicalstudentshavefreeorpartlyfreemedicaleducationD.toforbiddoctorstoasktheirpatientsfortoomuchmoney4.Themainideaofthearticleisthat____.A.avisittoadoctor’sofficemaycostasmuchas$15to$50intheUnitedStatesB.thecostofmedicalcareisthemainreasonforthehighcostsintheUnitedStatesC.medicalcareintheUnitedStatescostsalotofmoneybecausedoctorswanttoberichD.thehighcostoftuitioninmedicalschoolsisonereasonforthehighcostofmedicalcareinAmerica5.ThecostofmedicalcareintheUnitedStatesisveryhigh.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutit?A.Heagreesthatdoctorsareoverpaid.B.Hethinksitabigproblemandsuggestsawaytosettleit.C.Hedoesn'tthinkthemedicalstudentsshouldborrowmoneyfrombanks.D.Hedoesn'tthinkitnecessaryforthemedicalstudentstostudyforalongtime.Passage41Youwillhavealotofreadingtodointhisgradethisyear.Youcandomoreofitinlesstimeifyoulearntoreadrapidly.Perhapsyouhavebeentoldaboutsomehabits(习惯)whichkeepapersonfromreadingfastandhavebeenstronglyaskedtobreakthosehabitswhichyoumighthave.Doyoustillhaveanyofthesebadhabits?Checkyourselfbyanswering“yes”or“no”tothesequestions.(1)Doyoumoveyourlips(嘴唇)whenreadingsilently?(2)Doyoupointtowordswithyourfingerasyouread?(3)Doyoumoveyourheadfromsidetosideasyouread?(4)Doyoureadonewordatatime?Ifyouanswer“yes”toanyofthesequestions,startatoncetobreakthehabit.Ifyoumoveyourlips,holdyourfingersoverthem,orholdapieceofpaperbetweenyourlipswhileyouarereading.Thenifyourlipsmove,yourwillknowitandcanstopthem.Ifyoupointtowords,holdthetwosidesofyourbook,onesidewithyourlefthand,theothersidewithyourrighthand.Thenyouwon’thaveafreefingertouseinpointingwhilereading.Ifyoumoveyourhead,placeyourchin(下巴)inonehandandholdyourheadstill(静止不动的).Ifyoureadnomorethanoneortwothreewordsatatime,youneedtoworkveryhardinlearningtotakein(吸收)morewordsateachglance(一瞥)asyoureyestravelacrossthelinesofwords.Evenifyoudoratherfastnow,youcanlearntoreadevenfaster.Asyouprobablyhavebeentold,theseoffastreadingistotakeinwholegroupsofwordsateachglance.Readinthoughtgroupsandforce(迫使)youreyesalongthelinesofwordsatfastasyoucanmakethemgo.Anyonewhopracticesdoingthesethingswillbeabletoreadfaster.1.Youmayholdyourfingersoveryourlipswhilereadingsoas________.A.totellotherstobesilentB.tofeelwhetheryourlipsmoveornotC.toholdapieceofpaperbetweenthemD.tokeepyourselffromtalkingtoothers2.Whenyouread,_________.A.don’tkeepyourheadstillB.don’tholdyourbookswithyourhandsC.don’tstandupnearadeskD.don’tuseyourfingertopointtowords3.Ifyoulearntoreadfast,_______A.youcanreadmoreinlesstimeB.youcanwritefasterC.youcanunderstandbetterD.youcanreadlessinmoretime4.Youmust_____thosehabitsthatwearetalkingaboutinthisreading.A.rememberB.haveC.getridof(改掉)D.keep5.Thisreadingmainlyabout_______.A.thewayofreadingfastB.theimportanceoffastreadingC.thebadhabitsinreadingD.howtospeakquicklySectionIV社会文化篇答案与解析Passage32【答案与解析】本文从“时尚”这个字眼谈起，说到和“时尚”有关的社会生活方方面的事情。时尚随着时代的改变而变化。尤其是在现代，时尚变化之迅速令人慨叹。短文最后说，新的时尚出现意味人们要购买一些新潮的东西。因些，时尚总是与金钱相伴而生的。1.C。由首段的几句话可以推测出fashion有“时尚”、“流行”之意。故答案以C为最佳。2.A。根据前面几段所述，可知时尚即是新近的。选项A意为“网上冲浪”，与其它几个选项相比，显然要时髦得多。故为正确答案。3.D。答案源自“Wehearaboutthingsmuchmorequicklythaninthepast.Newspapers,radios,telephonesandtelevisionsendinformationfromonecountrytoanotherinafewhours.”一句中。4.D。文后的这句“Newfashionsmeanthatpeoplewillbuynewthings,soyouseethereismoneyinfashion.”是本题的重要依据。Passage33【答案与解析】习语是最让英语学习者感到头疼的东西。本文讲述了三个法国人曲解英语习语的经历，读后让人忍俊不禁。第一个法国人误将“Lookout!”理解为“向外看”(实际意义是“当心!”);第二个法国人将“Allhandsondeck”误认为是“把手放到甲板上”的意思(实际上该短语的意思是“所有海员到甲板上集合”);第三名法国人对那位女仆话语中的“up”和“down”弄得昏了头，以致于闹了个“Ifhe’snotupandhe’snotdown,whereishe?”的笑话。1.B.由英语知识或根据“Iputmyheadoutofawindowandabasinofwaterfellonme.Itseemsthat‘Lookout’maymean‘don’tlookout.’”可知。2.A.根据整体意思及“…andsomeonewalkedonthem.”可知这是集合的口令。3.B.文中“WhenIsay‘He’snotup’,Imean‘hehasnotyetgotup’.”一句已经说得很明白。4.C.“…Imean‘hehasnotyetcomedownstairs,’”这句话是解题的关键。5.D.整篇文章讲了三个由于对英语不很精通而误解以致于闹了笑话的故事。行文间流露出作者对英语这门语言的“不可望文生义”发出了感叹。选D既合题意又具有极强的幽默味道。Passage34【答案与解析】在日常生活中，报纸起着十分重要的作用。通过翻阅报纸，人们可以了解天下大事。由于城市、小镇、农村之间存在着差别，每个地方出版发行的报纸是不相同的。报纸大多都有好几个版面，尤其是周末版，里面的内容包罗万象，可以满足不同层次人们的需要。1.D。本题看似简单，实则复杂，须阅读完全文后方能解答得出。前三个选项都有断章取义之嫌。2.A。读了标题可基本了解该短文的大概内容。A为最恰当的答案。3.A。答案即在“Inbigcitiestherearemanytypeswithseveraldifferenteditionseveryday.”中。4.B。根据“especiallyonSundayswhentheeditionislargerthanusual.”这一句话可推测出B为正确答案。要注意onSundays这个短语，否则可能会误选A。5.D。由短文最后的“Therearebesidesthefrontpagewiththemostimportantnews,thesportsnews,theamusementpage,abusinesspageandsoon.”这句话，可知电影属于娱乐这一范畴。Passage35【答案与解析】这篇短文可能是一本英文词典的“序言”，介绍了这本词典的用途和使用方法。另外，该文中还着重提到了AmericanEnglish和BritishEnglish在拼写上存在的差异。1.A.通过短文第一段的第一个句子，几乎不费力气就能选出正确答案。2.D.此题需要仔细推敲第二段文字，通过理解段意(如果熟悉英文词典或懂得一些英文词典的使用常识则可以直接进行选择)和推敲四个选项的词语意思而确定。All和One都属于“走极端”的选项，不能入选;Few本义是“几乎没有”，不符合文意，只有D项正确。3.C.答案在第三段。文中“while‘color’isusedinAmericanEnglish.”已给出明确答案。4.C.通过文中“Weuseaspecialalphabet(特殊字母表)toshowpronunciation.”一句判断。关键词是“pronunciation(发音)”，清楚这个词的意思，我们无疑会选择C。5.C.应重点参考5—6段。实际上，第五段中已有“tofindoutthemeaningofaword—itsDEFINITION.”。“meaningofaword”中没有生词，那么，选择对应的汉语“词义”岂不易如反掌!6.D.要读完全文后，才能确认。因为文中提到的数字只有一个“2000”，但它决不是词典的收词数，而是用来“简单解释”词义的用词数。文中并没有提及词典的“收词量”，因此，答案应该是D。7.B.答案就在“Thismeansthatthedefinitionsofeventhemostdifficultwordsaresimplyexplained(简单解释)andeasytounderstand.”一句中。选B最为恰当。Passage36【答案与解析】1932年第三届冬季奥动会在美国举办时，第一枚纪念冬季奥运会开幕的邮票诞生了。从此，每当举办冬季奥运会时，为其发行邮票成了一个不成文的规定。1936年第四届冬季奥运会在德国举办时，五环标志首次在冬季奥运会的邮票出现。在十九世纪五十年代，为冬季奥运会发行的邮票更加丰富多彩了。中国也为纪念首次参加冬季奥运会发行了邮票。值得一提的是，日本是唯一的一个曾举办过冬季奥运会的亚洲国家。为了给运动会集资，当时发行了一千多亿张邮票。1.A。本题属表层理解题。答案即是短文第一句话。2.B。答案源自“ThefirststampsmarkingtheopeningcameoutonJanuary25,1932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.”一句中。3.C。根据“…onJanuary25,1932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.”这句话可知第三届奥运会是1932年举行的，再由“Duringthe4thWinterOlympicGamesagroupofstampswerepublishedinGermanyinNovember1936.”可知第四届奥运会是年举行的。由此可以推测出奥运会是每四年举行一次的。答案为C。4.C。“thehostcountriesaswellasthenon-hostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthoseGames.”一句和下面的几句是答案的出处。5.D。短文最后一段是答案之所在。Passage37【答案与解析】这篇短文的大意是：1998年在法国举行的世界杯足球赛实行了新的规则。比赛中使用红、白、黄三色相间的球。这种球由32块皮革缝制而成，十分凑巧的是，当时正好有32支球队参赛。足球制造商在此之前提醒守门员，说这种球沿直线飞行，速度极快。试用一段时间之后，球员发现这种球与传统的黑白相间的二色球有很大不同。这种球更容易控制，但守门员很难抓到，在一场球赛中有可能进更多的球。1.A。根据短文开头的三个句子并注意理解insteadof的意思，可得]出答案。2.C。“Interestinglyenough,theFrenchnationalflaghappenstobeinthreecolors,too.Besides,32teamswilltakepart