语态实用讲解

语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：Hewroteanovel.（主语he是动作wrote的执行者，是主动语态。）Theclassroomwascleanedbyhimyesterday.（主语theclassroom是动作的承受者，是被动语态。）知识点概述一、被动语态的构成英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.被动语态的句子结构：主语+be+过去分词1、一般现在时am谓语：is\+pp.are例句：Onelessonislearnedeachweek.ForeignlanguagesarestudiedeverywhereinChina.2、 一般过去时谓语：was1“pp.wereJ例句：Thishospitalwassetupjusttwoyearsago.3、 一般将来时shall/will1am1谓语：is>goingto>be+PP.areJ例句：Thisquestionwillbeansweredbytheheadmastertomorrow.4、过去将来时would1、、was谓语： >goingto卜be+PP.wereJ例句：Thephysicsteachersaidthattwoexperimentswouldbedonethenextweek.5、现在完成时谓语：hashave+pp.谓语：hashave+pp.例句：Ashasbeenpointedout,thehousingprobleminourdistricthasbasicallybeensolved.6、过去完成时谓语：hadbeen+pp.例句：WhenIgottotheticketoffice,alltheticketshadbeensoldout.7、现在进行时am谓语：is卜being+pp.are例句：Thepatientsinward12arebeingtakencareofbyMissHoover.8、过去进行时谓语： ]being+pp.wereJ例句：Shesaidherhousewasbeingpainted.注：及物的短语动词相当于一个及物动词，可以有被动语态，这类短语动词有：turnon,turnoff,findout,laughat,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof/aboutover,bringabout,（引起；导至）putaway,makeout（认出），makeup（编；补尝）,lookdownupon,payattentionto,faceupto（面对）二、被动语态的用法1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.单选：Moreandmorecars___inChinanow.A.areproducedB.produceC.areproducingD.haveproducedBooksinthereadingroom___.A.musttakeawayB.mustbetakenaway C.mustn'tbetakenaway参考答案：AB（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.单选：People___totalkloudlyinthelibrary.A.areallowedB.arenotallowedC.allowedB.don'tallowedIt'saruleinourschoolthattheclassroom___everyday.A.shouldcleanB.shouldcleanedC.shouldbecleanedD.shouldbecleaningwon'tleavemyofficeuntilmywork___A.finishB.willfinishC.arefinishedD.isfinished参考答案：BCD（3）含有双宾语的句子，（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。to或for。例如：Thepianistgavethepupilssomeadvice.间接宾语直接宾语—Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.—Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.将下列句子转换为被动句Thebossgavehimajobinthepostoffice.Maryshowsmeapicture.参考答案：1.Hewasgivenajobinthepostofficebytheboss.Ajobinthepostofficewasgiventohim.amshowedapicturebyMary.ApictureisshowntomebyMary.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.—Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.—Hewasseentoenterthehouse.单选：He___dotheexerciseagainbytheteacher.A.wasmadeB.made C.wasmakingD.wasmadetoPeterwasseen___thistimeyesterday.A.towriteB.writesC.writingD.wroteThelittleboywas___lastnight.A.hearsingB.heardtosingC.hearedtosingD.heardsing参考答案：dab三、被动语态的时态初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。(1)一般现在时构成：助动词be+动词的过去分词例如：Thiskindofcarismadeinshanghai.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.单选：Peoplewhodrinkwine___todrive.A.don'tallow B.isn'tallowed C.mustn'tallowedD.mustn'tbeallowed—Excuseme,what'sthisfor?--It'sacleanerandit___topickupdirt.A.usesB.isusedC.isusing D.usedNowChinese'sbecomethepopularlanguagethat___widely___intheworld.A.is;learnedB.islearningC.will;learnD.was;learned参考答案：DBA(2)一般过去时构成：助动词was/were+动词的过去分词例如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1992.Wasthisnovelwrittenbyhisfather?单选：Thenewlibrarybuilding___lastweek.A.wascompletedB.iscompletedC.completedD.hascompletedManyaccidents___bycarelessdriverslasryear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause—WhathappenedtoBilly?--He___becauseofhisdrink-driving.A.iscaughtB.wascaughtC.hascaughtD.hadcaught参考答案：ABB(3)一般将来时构成：will/begoingtodo+be+动词的过去分词例如：Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.Thebabywillbetakengoodcareofinthehospital.单选：Atalk___ondevelopmentinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives2.Somefamouspaintings___inthehallnextweek..A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshownMorethantwoschools___inthecitynextyear.A.arebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebuiltD.willbebuilt参考答案：BDD(4)现在完成时构成：助动词have/has+been+动词的过去分词例如：Hashisworkbeenfinished?Wehaven'tbeeninvitedtotheparty.单选：Alibrary___inourhometownsince2000.A.hasbeenbuiltB.werebuiltC.beingbuiltD.willbuilt—Whereisyourdictionary?--It___bysomeone.A.weretakenawayB.tookawayC.hasbeentakenawayD.takesawaytelltheoldmanthathismoney___bythepolice.A.hadbeenfoundB.wasfoundC.hasbeenfoundD.havefound参考答案：ACC(5)现在进行时构成：be+being+动词的过去分词例如：Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbythestudents.Thepopstar___questionsbythereporternow.A.isaskingB.asksC.wasaskedD.isbeingaskedWhilethesupper___,thelightssuddenlygoesout.A.preparingB.preparedC.isbeingpreparedD.beprepared参考答案：DC(6)带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词例如：Canthiswalkmanberepairedhere?Yourcompositionmustbehandedintomorrow.单选：Becauseofthesupportfromalloverthecountry,beautifulnewbuildings___hereandthereintheearthquake-hitareasinSichuan.A.canseeB.canbeseenC.willbeseen—Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?--Alotofnewroads___,Ithink.A.mustbebuiltB.havetobuildC.mustbuildD.havebuiltCoal___inmanyways.A.canuseB.beusedC.canbeusedD.using参考答案：BAC二、复习时需要注意的要点—-、（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1．WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.2．Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.3．Whendidtheybuildthehouse?4．Isawtheboyentertheroom.5．Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?6．Havetheypostedtheletteryet?7．Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.8．Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobe.d9．Whoisrepairingthebike?10.Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.参考答案：ArecorderisoftenusedinourEnglishclass.Anewfilmwillbeshownbythennextweek.Whenwasthehousebuiltbythem?Theboywasseentoentertheroom.Willanewfilmbeshownbythemnextweek?Hastheletterbeenpostedyet?Heisoftenseentohelphisclassmate.Thelightmustbeturnedoffbeforeyougotobed.Whoisthebikebeingrepairedby?（Bywhomisthebikebeingrepaired?）Allthetextsshouldbelearnedbyheartbythestudents.（2）主动结构表示被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.1ook,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义Mooncakestastedelicious.在beworthdoing中，doing表示被动意义Thisbookisworthreading.Qwant/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+tobedone.tobedone.表示不定式的被动结构。Mybikeneedsrepairing=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.单选：Thelibraryneeds___,butit'llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleanedThesong___wonderful.A.issoundedB.soundsC.soundingD.istosoundThefilm___.A.isworthyseeingB.worthseeC.isworthtoseeD.isworthseeing参考答案：ABD（3）不用被动语态的情况主动句的宾语是eachother或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.White.那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。Wewillhaveameeting.主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时，不能用作被动语态中的主语。MybrotherenjoyswatchingTV.（4）被动语态和系表结构的区别被动语态表示以主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。Theshopisclosedat9:00pm.（动作）Theshopisclosedtoday（状态）系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有MissWangissatisfiedwithus.（系表结构）系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰She'ssoworriedaboutherexams.Q4系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，二被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。作业：一、选择填空:Thereadingroom yesterdayafternoon.A.cleaned B.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleanedTheworkersweremade tenhoursaday.A.work B.towork C.working D.workedFood inacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeepB.mustn'tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn'tbekept

4.HisfatherA.senttoworkinHongKong3yearsago.C.hassentD.hasbeensentB.wassent5.ThepenA.writeswell.B.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing4.HisfatherA.senttoworkinHongKong3yearsago.C.hassentD.hasbeensentB.wassent5.ThepenA.writeswell.B.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writingGreatchanges___A.havetakenplaceinthetownsince1988.B.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplace D.hasbeentakenplace7.Ourcompositionsmust nextMonday.A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandinginThechildwill backtohisparentsnextmonth.A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besendinghiswork yet?A.have…beenfinished B.has…beenfinishedC.has…C.has…finishedD.have...finishedTheclassroom nowA.iscleaning B.isbeingcleaningC.isbeingcleaned D.iscleaned.将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者Theywillsaynothingmoreaboutthismatter.Theyhavemadesomeflowersofsilk.Hewroteapoem.Thestudentsareplantingsometreesandflowers.Theyaretoopenupanewbusinessnextweek.Childrencouldn'thavedoneallthisdamage.Allofuswillseehimoffattheairport.Theyfeedthetigersatthezoothreetimesaday.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforefive.Peoplesaythatsheisagoodteacher.三．用所给动词的正确形式填空English (speak)inmanycountries.Informationinshort-termmemory (can,not,keep)verylong.Afterthat,oneofthelights (turnoff)andtherathadtowaitforashorttime.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes (believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook (print)now.Theoldhouse