专四之非谓语动词(课件)

句子成分谓语谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。句子成分1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当

Shegothereatsix.2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的

Thegirlfeltcold.Heisateacher.句子成分3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成

CanyouspeakFrench?Wemustbecareful.4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语Wedependonourselves,notothers.英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so…）放入从句变为非谓语动词主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语

主谓宾定状补2Thefamousdoctor

givebirthtoababyhelpedthepregnantwomanlastFriday.toThepregnantwomantogivebirthtoababywashelped

lastFriday.定状补主过去分词v-ed不定式to+v动词的v-ing非谓语动词V-ing/V-ed使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词功能主语宾语定语表语补语状语to-V√√√√√√V-ing√√√√√√V-ed√√√√Seefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.1.2.Whenweseefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.Seeingfromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！1.

不能单独作谓语2.没有人称和数的变化3.有时态和语态的变化。时态和语态

语态

时态主动被动一般式

完成式

doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneV-ing的否定式在分词前加“not”

语态

时态主动被动一般式

完成式

doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone(not)(not)(not)(not)V-ing在句子中充当的成分Sende-mailsismoreandmorepopular.It’snousetakethiskindofmedicine.Thefilmissomoved.Icouldn’thelpcrywhenIheardthebadnews.Iheardthegirlsungintheclassroom.Sendingtakingmovingcryingsinging主语表语宾语宾补mind、suggest、delay、keepon、

lookforwardto、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeedin、consider、can’thelp、miss

?+doing(V-ing在这种结构中做宾语)have、leave、keepsee、watch、hear、find、

notice、feel,catch?+sb.+doing

(V-ing

在这种结构中做宾补)5.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Chinaisacountrydevelopingveryfast.6.Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.

Beingill,hewenthome.Timepermitting,Icandoitbetter.定语状语=Iftimepermits,IcandoitbetterChinaisalargecountrywhichdevelopsveryquickly.2.IhavereceivedyourletterwhichsaysyouwillcometoChinanextmonth.3.Iwanttoseesomefilmsthatareveryinteresting.Chinaisalargecountrydevelopingveryquickly.Ihavereceivedyourletter,sayingyouwillcometoChinanextmonth.Iwanttoseesomeinterestingfilms.4.Whenhewaswalkinginthestreet,hesawoneofhisoldfriend.5.Becausehewasill,hestayedathome.6.Afterhefinishedtheletter,hepostedit.--(when)Walkinginthestreet,hesawoneofhisoldfriend.--Beingill,hestayedathome.--Havingfinishedtheletter,hepostedit.注意:-ing的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前.V-ing和V-ed的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分V-ingV-ed时态语态进行过去主动被动V-ed的用法如：adevelopedcountry/adevelopingcountryapollutedriver/asleepingbaby(1)作定语(2)作状语_______fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown._______fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.SeeingSeen1.MrBrownwantstobuyausedcar.2.What'sthelanguagespokeninGermany.3.Thepupilswillgettirediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch4.Imademyselfunderstoodeasily.5.Wefoundtheworkcompletelydone.6.Heated,metalswillexpand.=Ifmetalsareheated,metalswillexpand.7.Seenthroughatelescope,thesunappearsdarkneartheedge.例外：不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。例如：Thestreetwascoveredwithfallenleaves.这条马路被落叶所覆盖

1._______fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.2._______fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.SeeingSeen一.主语一致性的考察常见考点类型Waitingforabus,_____.A.abrickfellonmyheadB.Alittlegirlcametotalkwithme.C.IwashitbyabrickontheheadD.IwashitbyabrickonmyheadC二.一般式与完成式的考察29._____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited28.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,_______outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked三.主动与被动的考察1.你知道他们正在讨论的话题吗?Doyouknowthetopic______________now?(discuss)2.这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。Themissingboywaslastseen_________neartheriver.(play)beingdiscussedplaying四.句子成分混淆1.Therearealotofstudentsareplantingtreesonthesmallhill.2.Helayonthegrass,andlookingatthesky.plantinglooking3.ThebookbelongstoMaryislost.belongingV-ing和V-ed用法归纳:V-ing作主语(谓语动词用单数）,v-ed不能作主语Usingcomputers

isverycommoninourdailylife.2.V-ing作表语与v–ed分词作表语的区别Thestoryisinteresting.Thelittlegirlisinterestedinthestory.Thenewsisdisappointing.Hewasdisappointedtoheartheresult.Whentheboyswerewatchingtheexcitingfilm,theywereveryexcitedThestudentsareallmovedbythemoving

story.Whenshesawthesurprisingresult,shegaveusasurprisedlook.区别:v-ing作表语时表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为”令人……”。v-ed做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到...”。3.v-ing可作宾语，v-ed不能作宾语：Wemissedseeingthatfilmwhenitwasatthelocalcinema.Heoftenimaginesflying.Hedreamsaboutbeingadoctor掌握只能跟v-ing作宾语的动词及短语4.v-ing和v-ed作宾补时的区别:Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Hewatchedthecarscomingandgoing.Isawhim

playingcard.Sheheardhersister

singing

inherroom.MrLihasJimstandingoutsidethedoor.IhadmyMP3repairedlastweek.Weheardthissongsung

inEnglish.NomatterhowItry,Ijustcan’tmakemyselfunderstoodbytheforeigner.V-ing用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事.V-ed用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况5.v-ing和v-ed作定语时的区别:asingingbird.asleepingdogamancarryingababyastudentplayingwithknifepeoplefightingagainstwarsaswimmingpoolawritingdeskawoundedmonkeyabrokenchairboiledwaterasoldierwoundedbyknifearoadcoveredwithsnow6.v-ing和v-ed作状语时的区别:Beingill,Ican’tgotowork.(原因)Seeingthehouseonfire,shecalled119(时间状语)Hesatonastone,readingabook(伴随性状语)Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedupwithjoy.(时间状语)Thehusbanddied,leavinghiswifethreedaughters.(结果状语)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillageisverybeautiful.(时间状语)Cookedinaspecialway,thefishtastesVerynice.(原因状语)Givenmoretime,wecouldfinishthejob(条件状语)Thepresidententeredthehall,followedbyhisguards.(伴随性状语)不定式(todo)的用法:可作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.不定式做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。Itisadj/ntodosthIttakessbsometimetodosthIttookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Itisverydifficultforhimtofinishthepaperinsuchashorttime.1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性)Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．一次做两件事等于未做。Toseeistobelieve.

百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)betodo结构表将来时:HeistomarryRose.可作表语3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。Hiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染．Whatshewantstodomostnowistotravelabroad.可作宾语1)Sherefusedtocomehere.后面用不定式作宾语即用v+todo…结构的常用动词有:afford（负担得起）,agree（同意））,appear（似乎，显得）,,expect（期望）fail（不能）,,happen（碰巧）,hope（希望）,intend（想要，打算）,learn（学习）,manage（设法）,plan（计划）,pretend（假装）promise（承诺，允许）,refuse（拒绝）,want（想要）wish（希望）……Theybeggedtogowithus.他们恳求与我们同行。Youneedn'tbothertocomeyourself.不必劳驾你亲自过来。2)有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是why。Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhethertogoforapicnic?你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？Mylittlesisterislearninghowtoreadandwrite.Mymothershowedmehowtopreparemeals.Iwonderwheretogo.

我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。我不知道去哪儿。3)还可用it代替不定式作形式宾语．Findit+adj+todosthIfounditimpossibletoanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。不定式可作宾语补足语:Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.动词不定式作宾语不足语时to要省略的动词有:1.感官动词see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,listento等;2.使役动词have,make,let1)不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，nota，序数词(first,second,..)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。不定式可作定语:2)不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.早上他有很多工作要做。Ineedape