2020-2021学年北京延庆区初三第一学期英语期末试卷及答案

2020-2021学年北京延庆区初三第一学期英语期末试卷及答案知识运用一、单项填空从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Lastweek,thetwinschoseadressfor_____motherasabirthdaygift.A.her B.them C.their D.his【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：上周，双胞胎为他们的妈妈选了一件连衣裙作为生日礼物。考查代词辨析。her她的；them他们；their他们的；his他的。根据thetwins可知“双胞胎为他们的妈妈买了生日礼物”。故选C。2.StanLee,thefatherofMarvelComic,passedaway_____Nov.12th,2018.A.on B.at C.in D.over【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：2018年11月12日，漫威之父斯坦·李去世。考查介词辨析。on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上；at表示具体的时间点；in用于较长的一段时间（世纪、年代、季节、月份等）或是表示泛指的上午、下午等前面；over超过。根据“Nov.12th,2018”可知，此处指的是2018年11月12日具体的这一天，所以用介词on，故选A。3.Sorry,Imustgotothelibrary.Lily_____formethere.A.waited B.iswaiting C.waits D.waswaiting【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：对不起，我必须去图书馆。莉莉在那里等我。考查动词的时态。waited一般过去时；iswaiting现在进行时；waits一般现在时；waswaiting过去进行时。结合语境、前一句“Sorry,Imustgotothelibrary.”和空后“formethere”可知作者现在必须得去图书馆，因为莉莉正在那里等作者，所以本句用现在进行时，表示作者说话时莉莉正在进行的动作。故选B。4.WilliamShakespeareisoneof__________writersintheworld.A.famous B.morefamous C.mostfamous D.themostfamous【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：威廉·莎士比亚是世界上最著名的作家之一。考查形容词的最高级。famous著名的；morefamous比较级；mostfamous最高级；themostfamous最高级。根据比较范围intheworld可知此处应用形容词最高级，且形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the。故选D。错因分析①考生没能根据“oneof”与“intheworld”判断出本题使用形容词的最高级；②考生忽略了形容词最高级前必须加the。【点睛】形容词最高级用法：the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句，如Jackisthetalleststudentinhisclass.oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+表示范围的短语或者从句，如Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.比较级形式表达最高级意义，“比较级+thananyother+可数名词单数”“比较级+thantheother+可数名词复数”或“比较级+thantherestof+the+可数名词复数”来表达最高级意义，如Juliaistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.5.—_____yougotocinemawithmethisSaturday?—Sorry,Ican’t.ThisSaturdayismymother’sbirthday.A.May B.Can C.Must D.Need【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——这个星期六你能和我一起去看电影吗?——对不起，我不能。这个星期六是我妈妈的生日。考查情态动词。May可以；Can能、能够；Must必须、一定；Need需要。根据答语“Sorry,Ican’t.”使用了can来回答，可知前面的问句一般应是用can来引导，意为“能、会”，故选B。6.Washyourhandsbeforemeals,________youmaygetill.A.and B.but C.or D.so【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：饭前洗手，否则你可能会生病的。本题考查连词。and而且，but但是，or否则，so所以。结合句意，“饭前不洗手”是“你可能会生病”的条件，故选C。7.—_____willthetalkshowstart?—Itwillstartat8:00.A.When B.Why C.How D.Where【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——脱口秀什么时候开始？——它会在八点开始。考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候；Why为什么；How怎样；Where在哪里，根据答句“Itwillstartat8:00”可知，问的是脱口秀什么时候开始，故选A。8.—Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?—I_____theclassroom.A.havecleaned B.wascleaning C.cleaned D.clean【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——昨天这个时候你在干什么？——我在打扫教室。考查动词时态。根据上文“Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?”可知，下文是过去进行时，其结构是bedoing的形式。主语是I是第三人称单数，be动词用was。Iwascleaningtheclassroom.“我正在打扫教室”。故选B。9.I_____playingthispieceofmusicfortwomonths,soIplayitbetter.A.practice B.practicedC.willpractice D.havepracticed【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：我已经练习弹这首音乐两个月了，所以弹得更好了。考查现在完成时。根据fortwomonths可知时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has+过去分词。故选D。【点睛】

10.Myfatheroften_____tothegymwithmethoughhehaslotsofworktodo.A.went B.hasgone C.goes D.willgo【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：虽然我爸爸有很多工作要做，但他经常和我一起去健身房。考查动词时态。由often“经常”可知句子时态用一般现在时，gotothegym“去健身房”，主语Myfather是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式，故选C。11.The24thWinterOlympicGames______inBeijingandZhangjiakouin2022.A.holds B.isheld C.willhold D.willbeheld【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：在2022年第24届冬季奥运会将在北京和张家口举行。根据in2022可知此处用一般将来时，主语The24thWinterOlympicGames与谓语hold之间是被动关系，故此处用一般将来时的被动语态，故为willbeheld。故选D。12.—Canyoutellme_____nextSunday?—Bytrain.A.howwewillgotoShanghai B.howdidwegotoShanghaiC.howwewenttoShanghai D.howwillwegotoShanghai【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——你能告诉我下星期天我们怎么去上海吗？——坐火车。考查宾语从句。根据句中时间状语“nextFriday”可知时态为一般将来时，宾语从句的语序应用陈述句语序。故选A。二、完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。FrompapertopianoIwas11yearsoldwhenIaskedmymomforpianolessonsin2010.Wewerepoor,soshesaidapolite“no”.Thatdidn’t___13___me.IGoogledthemeasurementsforakeyboard,drewthekeysonapieceofpaperandstuckitonmydesk.Iwouldclicknotesonanonlinekeyboardand“play”thembackonmypaperone—keepingthesoundtheymadeonthecomputerinmyhead.Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithouttouchingarealpiano.OncemymomsawthatIwas___14___,sheborrowedmoneyandboughtme10lessons.Istillrememberthefirstone.Iwasstruckbyhowrealthesoundofthepianowas.I___15___mygradeoneaftereightlessons.OnceIstartedsecondaryschool,wecouldn’taffordlessonsagain.Ipassedgradethree,thengradefive,practicingonlyonmy___16___.Oneevening,whenIwasabout13,mymomsaidshehadasurpriseforme;itwasanelectronickeyboardboughtwithmoreborrowedmoney.ItwasthefirsttimeI’d___17___forher.Shewasinshock.Myschooldidn’toffermusicA-level.IfoundthePurcellSchoolforyoungmusicians,butthetryouts(选拔)weredifficult.Tomyamazement,Iwasofferedaplace.AtPurcell,Ispenttwoyearsworkingas___18___asIcould.Iperformedtoraisemoneyandsavedenoughtobuymyfirstpiano.WhenIleftPurcell,Iwasawardedtheseniorpianoprizeandsenioracademicmusicprize.IamnowattheGuildhallSchoolinLondon.Ifeelproud:it’sbeen10yearssinceI___19___mypaperpiano,andI’matoneoftheworld’sleadingmusicschools.Thepaperpianohelpedsparkmy___20___abouthowmusicworks,thebuildingblocksthatformthepieces.13.A.surprise B.help C.stop D.shame14.A.serious B.pity C.poor D.caring15.A.failed B.begun C.changed D.sat16.A.book B.piano C.paper D.computer17.A.studied B.played C.thanked D.waited18.A.hard B.nervously C.politely D.fast19.A.searched B.borrowed C.bought D.drew20.A.value B.curiosity C.pride D.confidence【答案】13.C14.A15.D16.C17.B18.A19.D20.B【解析】本文通过讲述作者因为家庭困难没有钢琴就自己画纸钢琴练习，后来通过自己的努力买了一架钢琴，还获得了高级钢琴奖和高级学术音乐奖，而且现在在世界领先的音乐学校之一的故事，鼓励人们要坚持自己的梦想。【13题详解】句意：这并没有阻止我。surprise惊奇；help帮助；stop阻止、停止；shame羞耻。根据下文“IGoogledthemeasurementsforakeyboard,drewthekeysonapieceofpaper…”，可知我让妈妈给我买钢琴课，但因为家里穷妈妈没有答应，但是这并没有阻止住我，故选C。【14题详解】句意：当我妈妈看到我是认真，她借钱给我买了10节课。serious认真的、严肃的；pity遗憾；poor贫穷的；caring有同情心的。根据上文“Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithouttouchingarealpiano.”以及下文“sheborrowedmoneyandboughtme10lessons.”可知妈妈看到我是认真的，就借钱给我买了10节课，故选A。【15题详解】句意：八节课以后我参加了一级水平的考试。failed失败；begun开始；changed改变；sat考试。根据后面的“mygradeone”，可知是参加了一级水平的考试，故选D。【16题详解】句意：我通过了三级，然后是五级，只在纸上练习．book书；piano钢琴；paper纸；computer电脑。根据上文“IGoogledthemeasurementsforakeyboard,drewthekeysonapieceofpaper…”，以及“wecouldn’taffordlessonsagain.”可知，我又负担不起上课的费用了，因此应是在自己画的纸键盘上练习，故选C。【17题详解】句意：这是我第一次为她演奏。studied学习；played弹奏；thanked感谢；waited等待。根据上文“itwasanelectronickeyboardboughtwithmoreborrowedmoney.”妈妈借钱给我买了一个电子键盘，结合“ItwasthefirsttimeI’d…forher.”可知是我第一次为妈妈用电子键盘演奏，故选B。【18题详解】句意：我花了两年时间尽可能地努力工作。hard努力地；nervously紧张地；politely礼貌地；fast迅速地。根据下文“Iperformedtoraisemoneyandsavedenoughtobuymyfirstpiano.”我通过表演来筹集资金，攒够了钱买了我的第一架钢琴，可知为了筹钱买钢琴，我应是尽可能努力地工作，故选A。【19题详解】句意：我画的纸钢琴已经十年了。searched搜索；borrowed借；bought买；drew画。联系上文语境，结合“it’sbeen10yearssinceI…mypaperpiano”和“IGoogledthemeasurementsforakeyboard,drewthekeysonapieceofpaperandstuckitonmydesk.”可知是我画的纸钢琴已经十年了，故选D。【20题详解】句意：纸钢琴激发了我对音乐创作以及乐曲构成的热情。value价值；curiosity好奇；pride自豪；confidence信心。根据“Thepaperpianohelpedsparkmy…abouthowmusicworks…”，可知是纸钢琴激发了我对音乐创作的好奇心，故选B。阅读理解三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。AMountainsaremorethan500meterstallandit’snoteasyforplantstoliveonthem.Thewindisstrong.Thesoilisthinandrocky.Whichplantscanlivethere?Comeandseesomeofthem.Firsareevergreentrees.Theyalwayshavegreenleaves.Theirleaveslooklikeneedles.Firsarelargetrees.Theycanbe20to80meterstall.Theirtrunkcanbe0.5to4meterswide.InmanycountriesinEurope,peopleusefirsasChristmastrees.Cushionplantslooklikeasmallcushion(垫子).Theygrowtogetherandtheyarelessthan30cmtall.Buttheycanbe3meterswide.Manyotherplantsliveunderthem.Cushionplantskeepthecoldaway.Theymakethesoilinsidesoftandwet.Inthisway,cushionplantshelpotherplantssurvive.Snowlotusesliveatelevationsrangingfrom2,400to4,000meters.Theclimatethereiscold.Italwayssnowsandtheairisthin.Mostplantswilldie.Butthesnowlotusesgrowwell.Theycanbe15to35cmtall.Peopleusetheminmedicine.Saxifragesareevergreen.Theyhavestar-shapedflowers.Mostsaxifragesareverysmall—lessthan12cmtall.Theygrowveryslowlyincoldenvironments.Saxifragescanlivebothinthemountainsandinyourgarden,yettheyarenotresistant(耐受的)tohightemperatures.21._______canbeusedinmedicine.A.Firs B.Cushionplants C.Snowlotuses D.Saxifrages22.Saxifragesare_______.A.20to80cmtall B.morethan30cmtallC.15to35cmtall D.lessthan12cmtall23.Whatdoweknowaboutcushionplants?A.Peopleplanttheminsoftandwetsoil.B.PeopleusethemasChristmasdecoration.C.Theycanprotecttheplantsunderthemfromthecold.D.Theycanlivebothinthemountainsandinyourgarden.【答案】21.C22.D23.C【解析】高山上植物很难生存，土壤薄而多岩石，在这种条件下，有部分植物可以生存。本文主要介绍了冷杉、垫形植物、雪莲和虎耳草。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第三行“Snowlotusesliveatelevationsrangingfrom2,400to4,000meters....Peopleusetheminmedicine.”可知雪莲可以入药。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格最后一行“Mostsaxifragesareverysmall—lessthan12cmtall.”可知虎耳高度草低于12厘米。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第二行“Manyotherplantsliveunderthem.Cushionplantskeepthecoldaway.…Inthisway,cushionplantshelpotherplantssurvive.”可知垫形植物防寒，它们可以保护在其下生长的植物不受冻。故选C。BWhatcanyoudotohelpout?Onewintermorning,TapiwaChiwewewasdrivingtoworkinJohannesburg,SouthAfrica.Henoticedahaze(薄雾)hangingoverthecityanditdidn’ttakelongforhimtorealizethatitwasanenormouscloudofairpollution.Atthatmoment,Chiwewewantedtodosomethingaboutit,butdidn’tknowwhat.Hewasacomputerengineerandknewlittleaboutenvironmentalscience.Hefirstdidresearchonairpollutionandfoundthatitistheworld’sbiggestenvironmentalhealthrisk.Hedecidedtoworkonitinacooperative(合作的)way.Hetalkedtoscientists,officials,andengineerswhohelpedhimdevelopadeeperunderstandingofthesituation,aswellasanideatoimproveit.Throughyearsofwork,ChiweweandhiscoworkersfromSouthAfricaandChinacreatedanonlineairqualitydecisionsupportsystem.Basedonhistoricalandreal-timedata,thesystemcanaccuratelypredictairpollutionandairquality,whichcanhelppeoplemakebetterdecisionsabouttheirdailymovements,aswellashelpofficialsbettermanagetheiroperations.Chiwewelearnedanimportantlesson—“alessonweallneedtotakeintoheartifwearetoworktowardsabetterfuture.Evenifyou’renotanexpertinaparticularfield,youroutsideexpertisemayholdthekeytosolvingproblemswithinthatfield,”hesaid.WhatifChiwewehadn’tbotheredtoresearchtheproblemanddosomethingaboutit?Whatifhehadjusthopedthatsomeone,somewhere,wastakingcareofthematter?AsChiwewesaid,“Whynotjustgoaheadanddealwiththeproblemaswellasyoucan,inyourownway?Youmaybepleasantlysurprised.”24.WhatmadeChiwewewanttotakeaction?A.Hedidn’tknowwhatthecloudwas.B.Henoticedairpollutionoverhiscity.C.Hedidn’twanttobeacomputerengineer.D.Hewasanexpertinenvironmentalscience.25.InwhichorderdidChiwewesolvetheproblem?a.Heaskedforexpert’ssuggestions.b.Hecreatedasystemthatworksonline.c.Hedidresearchontheproblem.d.Heallowedotherstousethesystem.A.cabd B.abcd C.cdab D.adbc26.Whatisthepointofthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Weshouldalwayscooperatewithothers.B.Thereisalwayssomethingnewtolearn.C.Expertsneedtodoresearchwhendealingwithproblems.D.Takingactiononyourownisbetterthanwaitingforothers.【答案】24.B25.A26.D【解析】Chiwewe在一个冬天的早晨，开车去南非约翰内斯堡上班。他注意到城市上空巨大的空气污染云，他想做点什么。他首先对空气污染做了研究，发现空气污染是世界上最大的环境健康风险。他征求专家的意见,创建了一个在线空气质量决策支持系统，该系统根据历史数据和实时数据，可以准确预测空气污染和空气质量。文章告诉我们，自己采取行动总比等待别人好。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Henoticedahazehangingoverthecityanditdidn’ttakelongforhimtorealizethatitwasanenormouscloudofairpollution”和第二段“Atthatmoment,Chiwewewantedtodosomethingaboutit”可知，Chiwewe注意到他所在城市的空气污染才采取行动。故选B。25题详解】推理判断题。根据短文，Chiwewe解决问题的步骤：第二段“Hefirstdidresearchonairpollutionandfoundthatitistheworld’sbiggestenvironmentalhealthrisk”他对这个问题做了研究；第二段“Hetalkedtoscientists,officials,andengineerswhohelpedhimdevelopadeeperunderstandingofthesituation,aswellasanideatoimproveit.”他征求专家的意见；第三段“Throughyearsofwork,ChiweweandhiscoworkersfromSouthAfricaandChinacreatedanonlineairqualitydecisionsupportsystem”他创建了一个可以在线运行的系统；第三段“Basedonhistoricalandreal-timedata,thesystemcanaccuratelypredictairpollutionandairquality,whichcanhelppeoplemakebetterdecisionsabouttheirdailymovements,aswellashelpofficialsbettermanagetheiroperations”该系统帮助人们更好地决定自己的日常行动，也可以帮助官员更好地管理自己的行动，可知，他允许别人使用这个系统。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后2段可知，如果Chiwewe没有费心去研究这个问题采取行动，只是希望有人来处理这件事，那就不可能在线空气质量决策支持系统的产生。所以，自己采取行动总比等待别人好。故选D。CGivingpresentationsisachallenging,butimportantpartofeducation.Apresentationisthekeytomakingyourmessageclear,whetheryouareinanintervieworgivingatalkinfrontoftheclass.Awell-preparedandpracticedpresentationcanimproveyourconfidencedramatically.Onpresentationday,therearesomewaysyoucantaketoensurethatyouperformwell.Practicethepresentation.Beforepresentation,itcanbehelpfultopracticeonyourown.Whileyouarepracticingyourpresentation,doyourbesttoworkonmemorizingwhatyouwanttosay,andwhenyouwanttosayit.Yourpresentationwillbealotbetterifyouaren’tconstantlylookingdownatnotecardsorsearchingapieceofpapertofigureoutwhatyouwanttosaynext.Controlyournerves.Thereareafewthingsyoucandobeforethepresentationtohelpcalmyournerves—manyofwhichyoucanevendorightatyourdesk.Trybreathingdeeply;silentlyrepeatingaffirmations(suchas“Icandothis.I’mgoingtodoagreatjob”);orusingpositivevisualization(imagineyourselfgivingyourpresentationsuccessfullyandknockingitoutofthepark).Thesestrategiescanhelpyousettleyournervesandgointoyourpresentationfeelingcalmandcollected.Speakslowlyandenunciateclearly.Ifyouhavepracticedenough,thisshouldn’tbedifficult;however,somepeopletalktooquicklyandtooquietlywhentheygetnervous.Trytoremindyourselftotalkslowlyandloudlyenoughsoeveryonecanhearyou.Ifyou’reusinganelectronicpresentation,youcanuseeachnewslideasachancetostopforafewsecondsandrecognizewhetheryouarespeakingslowlyandloudlyenoughforeveryonetohear.Engagetheaudience.Whetheryou’vegotaone-on-onetalkoraspeechinfrontof400people,think“storytelling”.Sometimesallittakesisafewsecondstoconnectanaudiencememberwithastory,accordingtoEricEnglish,acommunicationteacherattheUniversityofPittsburghintheUS.Trytolookaroundtheroomandmakeeyecontactwithvariouslistenersforafewseconds.Ifyouareabletomakeeyecontactforafewsecondswithseveraldifferentpeopleoverthecourseofyourpresentation,youwillbegivingtheimpressionthatyouarerelaxedandconfident.Don’tforgettosmile!27.Ifyouwanttogetpeople’sattention,youshould_______.A.preparenotecardswhilegivingpresentationB.takeadeepbreathbeforeyourpresentationC.makeeyecontactwithdifferentlistenersD.considerspeakinginfrontofatrustedfriend28.Theexpression“knockingitoutofthepark”probablymeans“_______”.A.relaxingintheparkB.performingquitewellC.enjoyingthepresentationD.knockingtherocksinthepark29.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PresentationisimportantforeducationB.PresentationisthekeytosuccessC.HowtogiveabetterpresentationD.Howtomakethepresentationclear【答案】27.C28.B29.C【解析】本文主要介绍演讲时怎样做得更好。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第5段“Engagetheaudience.…Trytolookaroundtheroomandmakeeyecontactwithvariouslistenersforafewseconds.”可知如果你想引起人们的注意，你应该和不同的听众进行眼神交流。故选C。【28题详解】句意猜测题。根据上文“usingpositivevisualization(imagineyourselfgivingyourpresentationsuccessfully…使用积极的形象化（想象你成功地完成了你的演讲……）”可知此句“knockingitoutofthepark”句意是“表现得十分精彩”。故选B。【29题详解】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍演讲时如何做得更好。根据本文主要内容可知本文最佳标题是《如何做一个更好的演讲》。故选C。DWeoftenlearnthatmanypeople,especiallywomen,don’tlikethesunshine.Theyareafraidofgettingsunburntandmakingtheirskindeep-colored.Butagrowingbodyofscientificresearchsuggeststhatcompletelyavoidingsunlightisn’tsuchagoodidea.ResearchersatSweden’sKarolinskaInstitutesaythatavoidingthesuncanbeasbadforyouassmoking.Hereiswhyyoushouldsoakup(吸收)somesunshineeveryday.Itpromotesbonegrowth.“VitaminDisahormone(激素)thatpromotescalciumabsorptionandisnecessaryforbonegrowth,”tellsDr.Roizen.SincesunlightisaprimarysourceofVitaminD,thehormoneisalsocalledas“thesunshinevitamin”.“TheVitaminDfoundinourbodyneedsactivation.ThesunhelpstochangeinactiveVitaminDlevelstoactive,”explainsDr.Roizen.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),gettinganywherefrom5to15minutesofsunlightonyourarms,hands,andfacetwiceorthriceaweekisenoughtogetthevitaminD.Itisgoodforyourheart.Peoplearemorelikelytodieofheartdiseaseinwinterthaninsummer.AccordingtoresearchersfromCopenhagenUniversityHospital,thosewiththelowestlevelsofvitaminDare81%morelikelytodieofheartdiseasecomparedwiththosewiththehighestlevelsofthevitamin.Sunexposurecuttheriskofheartattackandstrokebyreducingbloodpressure,accordingtotheresearch.Itmakesyoufeelhappier.“Wealwaysfeelbetterwhenthesunisshining,butisnotonrainyorcloudydays.”saysEmmaDerbyshire,publichealthnutritionistandspokeswomanforHealthandFoodSupplementsInformationService.Thesunworksthroughanumberofreceptorsinthebraintoaffectourmentalstatus(精神状态).Moderatesunlightexposurehelpsimproveyourmoodandfocusbyboostingtheserotonin(血清素)levels,whichknownasthe“happinesshormone”.“Atestfoundthatsafesunexposurecanactuallyhelptreatdepressive(抑郁的)symptoms,”saysEmma.Inaddition,a2017studypublishedintheJournalofHumanResourcesfoundthatstudentswhogetmoresunlighteverydayperformbetterintests.Tosoakupmoderatesunlighteverydayisimportantforus.Butifyou’regoingtobeoutsideformorethan15minutes,it’sagoodideatoprotectyourskin.Youcandothatbyapplyingsunscreenorwearingaprotectivehatandshirtcanalsohelp.30.Accordingtothetext,womendislikethesunlightbecause_______.A.theyareafraidofbeingsunburntB.thesunisbadforeyesC.it’smorelikelytohaveskincancerD.theyfeelunhappy31.Accordingtothepassage,Dr.Roizenprobablyagrees_______.A.sunlighthelpsimprovevitaminDlevelsinourbodiesB.sunlighthelpsloweryourbloodpressurelevelsC.sunlightcanproducehappyhormoneD.sunlightcanbebadforusassmoking32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Themorewesoakupthesunshine,thebetter.B.Sunlightdecreasestheriskofdepression.C.Peoplefeelbetterinrainyorcloudydays.D.Sunlighthelpsstudentsgetgoodgradesintest.33.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Todiscussourproblemsofavoidingsunlight.B.Tointroducesomewaysofenjoyingthesunlight.C.Toexplainwhysunlightisgoodforus.D.Toshareresearchers’ideasonsunlight.【答案】30.A31.A32.B33.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了晒太阳对人的身体健康有好处的几个方面。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theyareafraidofgettingsunburntandmakingtheirskindeep-colored.”可知她们害怕晒伤。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“sunlightisaprimarysourceofVitaminD”以及“ThesunhelpstochangeinactiveVitaminDlevelstoactive”可知阳光帮助把不活跃的维生素D变成活跃的，提高维生素D的水平。故选A。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“safesunexposurecanactuallyhelptreatdepressive(抑郁的)symptoms,”可知晒太阳能够帮助减少抑郁症状，减少抑郁的风险。故选B。【33题详解】主旨大意题。本文重点讲解了晒太阳在各个方面对人的身体健康的好处，比如对骨头的生长或者心脏等，主旨应是解释“为什么太阳对我们有好处”。故选C。四、阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。Studyacalendar.Itlookssimpleandorderly.Butacalendarismoreofamathematicalpuzzlethanyoumightguess.Thecalendarweusetodayhasgonethroughcenturiesofchanges.Formillennia,peoplewatchedtheseasons,sun,moon,andstarstohelpthemkeeptrackoftimepassing.AncientpeopledidnotknowthatEarthorbits(沿轨道运行)thesunaboutevery365.25days.Theytriedtotracktheyearbycountingthefullmoons.Eachyearhad12fullmoons.Twelvemoons,ormonths,madeonelunaryear.CalendarsinBabylonusedalunaryear.Twelvemonthsaddeduptoonly354days.Thatmadethelunaryear11daystooshort.Asyearswentby,themonthsandtheseasonsnolongermatchedup.PeopleinancientEgyptcameupwithasolarcalendarof365days.TheyobservedthatSirius,theDogStar,appearedneartherisingsunevery365days.Soonafterthat,theNileRiverwouldrise.TheylookedforwardtothefloodingoftheNile,becauseitbroughtgoodthings.Therichsoilleftbyfloodwaterswasgoodforplanting.TheancientRomansusedacalendarof10months.BecauseaRomanyearwasonly304days,itseemedtoalwaysbeoutofstepwiththeseasons.Holidaysshowedupatthewrongtimeofyear.ARomanrulernamedJuliusCaesarorderedachange.Hecreatedacalendarwith12months,each30or31dayslong.Headdedanextradayeveryfouryearstokeepthingsontrack.Thiscalendarwasusedformorethanamillennium.Butbytheendofthe16thcentury,itwastendaysoutofstep.PopeGregoryXIIIcreatedtoday’scalendarin1582.Hesetnewmathematicalrulesforkeepingthecalendarinstepwiththeseasons.Today,theGregoriancalendarisusedalmosteverywhereintheworld.34.HowlongdoestheEarthorbitthesun?___________________________________________________________35.WhydidpeopleinancientEgyptlookforwardtothefloodingoftheNile?___________________________________________________________36.Whocreatedacalendarwith12monthsinancientRomans?___________________________________________________________37.Whenwastoday’scalendarcreated?___________________________________________________________38.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?___________________________________________________________【答案】34.About365.25days.35.Becauseitbroughttherichsoilwhichwasgoodforplanting.36.JuliusCaesar.37.Itwascreatedin1582.38.It’saboutthehistoryofcalendar.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日历发展的历史。【34题详解】根据文章第二段中的“Earthorbits(沿轨道运行)thesunaboutevery365.25days”可知，地球大约每365.25天绕太阳一周，故填About365.25days.【35题详解】根据文章第四段中“Theylookedforwardtothef