Lesson+42+Modern+Cavemen讲义 新概念英语第三册

Lesson42ModernCavemen🌻Part1:TextCaveexploration,orpotholing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer'smotives.Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.Itcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficultieswhichwillconfrontthepotholer.ThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstreamwhichhastunnelledacoursethroughaflawintherocks.TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphineAlps.Asitisonlysixfeetacross,itisbarelynoticeable.ThecavemightneverhavebeendiscoveredhadnottheentrancebeenspottedbythedistinguishedFrenchpotholer,Berger.Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpotholers'Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.

AteamofpotholersrecentlywentdowntheGouffreBerger.Afterenteringthenarrowgapontheplateau,theyclimbeddownthesteepsidesofthecaveuntiltheycametoanarrowcorridor.Theyhadtoedgetheirwayalongthis,sometimeswadingacrossshallowstreams,orswimmingacrossdeeppools.Suddenlytheycametoawaterfallwhichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomofthecave.Theyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthelake,theycametohugepilesofrubblewhichhadbeenwashedupbythewater.Inthispartofthecave,theycouldhearaninsistentboomingsoundwhichtheyfoundwascausedbyasmallwater-spoutshootingdownintoapoolfromtheroofofthecave.Squeezingthroughacleftintherocks,thepotholersarrivedatanenormouscavern,thesizeofahugeconcerthall.Afterswitchingonpowerfularclights,theysawgreatstalagmites—someofthemoverfortyfeethigh--risingupliketree-trunkstomeetthestalactitessuspendedfromtheroof.Roundabout,pilesoflime-stoneglistenedinallthecoloursoftherainbow.Intheeeriesilenceofthecavern,theonlysoundthatcouldbeheardwasmadebywaterwhichdrippedcontinuouslyfromthehighdomeabovethem.🌻Part

2:Newwordsandexpressions1.caveman

n.(远古)洞穴人2.pot-holing

n.洞穴探险，洞穴探险运动3.solitude['sɔlitju:d]n.孤独，寂寞4.lure[ljuә]v.引诱，诱惑5.pot-holer

n.洞穴探险者6.rambler['ræmblә]n.漫步者，散步者7.undertaking['ʌndә'teikiŋ]n.任务，工作8.foresight['fɔ:sait]n.预见；深谋远虑9.foretell[fɔ:'tel]v.预言10.Grenoble[grә'noubl]n.格里诺布尔11.chasm[tʃæzәm]n.断层，裂口，陷坑12.flaw[flɔ:]n.小裂缝；缺点，瑕疵13.distinguished[dis'tiŋgwiʃt]a.杰出的，著名的14.Everest['evәrist]n.珠穆朗玛峰15.wade[weid]v.涉水16.waterfall['wɔ:tәfɔ:l]n.瀑布17.gear[giә]n.(汽车)排档18.inflatable[in'fleitәbl]a.可充气的19.rubble['rʌbl]n.碎瓦，瓦块20.insistent[in'sistәnt]a.连续的，不断的21.boom[bu:m]v.轰响22.waterspout['wɔtәspaut]n.强大的水柱23.cleft[kleft]n.裂隙，开口24.cavern['kævәn]n.大洞穴25.stalagmite['stælәgmait]n.石笋26.stalactite['stælәktait]n.钟乳石27.limestone['laimstәun]n.石灰石28.glisten['glisn]v.闪烁29.eerie['iәri]a.引起恐惧的，可怕的30.dome[dәum]n.穹窿，圆顶🍂————————————★caveman

n.(远古)洞穴人Actually,youdon'thavetobeacavemantosurviveinthewoods.事实上,在野外你不必像洞穴人一样生存。🌟caven.洞穴★pot-holing

n.洞穴探险，洞穴探险运动★pot-holer

n.洞穴探险者potholer

n.洞穴探险者Caveexploration,orpotholing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.

洞穴勘察－或者洞穴勘探(人们已经熟悉了这个词语)－是一项较新的运动。★solitude['sɔlitju:d]n.孤独，寂寞liveinsolitude独自（居住）生活例：Iamnotfondofsolitude.我不喜欢孤独。Hepassedtwenty-fouryearsinsolitude.他在孤独中度过了二十四年。★lure[ljuә]v.引诱，诱惑1.n.诱惑resistthelure

抵御诱惑alurefor…

的诱饵alureof…

的诱惑alureto

对…的吸引力2.v.引诱，诱惑lureinto

诱惑…做…Weluredafoxintoatrap.

我们把一只狐狸诱进了陷阱。Cheeseisverygoodforluringamouseintoatrap.

奶酪是引诱老鼠上钩的极好的东西。lureon

引诱…SheluredCharleyonuntilhedidjustwhatshewanted.

她不断引诱查理,直到他听命于她。★undertaking['ʌndә'teikiŋ]n.任务，工作agriculturalundertaking

农业企业governmentundertaking

国营事业例：Heistootimidtoventureuponanewundertaking.他太胆小，不敢从事新的事业。★foresight['fɔ:sait]n.预见；深谋远虑★foretell[fɔ:'tel]v.预言foresee预见

forecast预测，预报fore前缀有前凑，前锋的意思例：Wecan'tforetellhowtheworldwillend.我们不能预言世界将如何终结。Noonehadenoughforesighttopredictthewinner.谁也没有足够的远见能预测哪一个获胜。❤️～～～～～～～～fable['feɪb(ə)l]

（n.寓言；无稽之谈vi.编寓言；虚构vt.煞有介事地讲述；虚构）foretell

一般的通俗用语，往往指根据客观因素做出的预告，强调预先要发生的事。forecast

指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想，侧重最终可能出现的结果。predict

较正常的正式用词，通常用于人。指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告，隐含有科学的准确性。foresee

指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断★chasm[tʃæzәm]n.断层，裂口，陷坑n.分歧，不同，裂痕

adeeppoliticalchasmbetweenthesetwocountries两个国家间的很大的政治分歧例：Thereisalwaysavastchasmbetweenrichandpoor.

贫富的鸿沟始终存在。Thechasmbetweenyouandhecannotbesolvedbyus.你和他之间的裂痕不是我们能解决的。★flaw[flɔ:]n.小裂缝；缺点，瑕疵find（pick）

aflaw

找出缺点inajewelflaw

珠宝上的瑕疵inone'scharacterflaw

性格缺陷withoutflaw

无可挑剔例：Theflawinthisvasemakesitlessvaluable.这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。❤️～～～～～～～～1.flaw[flɔ:]n.瑕疵，小裂缝，小错，弱点；fatalflaw致命的弱点2.cleft[kleft]n.裂缝，裂口（自然形成）（（尤指岩石、地表的）裂缝；额头（或下巴）中间的竖缝；（身体）V字形凹陷）anaturalcrackinthesurfaceofrocksortheearthetc.asharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor贫富之间的巨大差异3.cleavage['kli:vɪdʒ]n.（劈裂的）裂痕，不同意见（n.劈开，分裂；[晶体]解理；[胚]卵裂）crevice['krevɪs]n.

（岩石上的）细小裂缝（a

narrow

crack,especiallyinrock）asharpcleavageintheattitudestowardseducation关于教育的截然不同的意见cleave

1、劈开[文学性]

2、cleaveto坚忠于[正式]4.fissuren.裂缝，（尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧v.（使）裂开，分裂（adeepcrack，especiallyinrockorearth）5.crack

n.（一个）开口，缝隙（1、使…破裂;破裂2、使…噼啪作响;发出辟裂声3、撞击4、叩开（壳鸡蛋）5、破解难题，密码等）最普通的用词eg.Sheopenedthedooracrackandslippedin.6.gap

n.间隙；缺口；差距；分歧(anemptyspacebetweentwoobjects)强调空间thegenerationgap代沟eg.Thereiswidegapinmyknowledgeofhistory.我历史知识十分缺乏。★distinguished[dis'tiŋgwiʃt]a.杰出的，著名的distinguishedfor

以...而著名...distinguishedsymbol

已发出的信号,判别符...

distinguishedsequence

特异序列distinguishedguest

贵宾，嘉宾，上宾...distinguishedby

以...而著名...例：Distinguishedguestsandfriendsfromthemedia:Goodmorning!

尊敬的各位来宾,新闻界的朋友们:上午好!★Everest['evәrist]n.珠穆朗玛峰DoyouknowwhatistheelevationofMountEverest?

你知道珠穆朗玛峰的海拔高度是多少吗？★wade[weid]v.涉水wadethroughsthHewadedthroughthatlongnovelatlast.

他终于读完了那部长篇小说。❤️wadingbird

涉水鸟wader

跋涉者wadingpool

浅水池★waterfall['wɔ:tәfɔ:l]n.瀑布❤️snowfall暴雪★gear[giә]n.(汽车)排档1.n.档位，工具，装备change（shift）

gear(s)

换挡keepallthegearin

把所有衣物放在…loadthegearinto

把工具装上…2.v.调整，使适应1）geardown

换慢挡,减少Hegeareddownashecameintothecorner.他到拐角处放慢了速度。2）gearup

换快挡,促进,提高,使准备好Whenyouaregoingfastenough,you'llbeabletogearup.车开得足够快时,你就能换挡加速。3）gearintoeachother

相互啮合4）gearto

加以调解使适合Wehavetogearourlivestothenewchanges.我们必须使自己的生活适应新的变化。★inflatable[in'fleitәbl]a.可充气的inflatableboat

充气橡皮艇inflatableaircraft

充气式飞机❤️inflatev.膨胀，使膨胀inflatethepapercurrency

滥发纸币...Heisinflatedwithpride.

他趾高气扬。★rubble['rʌbl]n.碎瓦，瓦块rubblewall

毛石墙★insistent[in'sistәnt]a.连续的，不断的例：Hewasinsistentonwalkinghome.他坚持走回家。❤️insistv.坚持insiston（doing）sth.坚持（做）某事Weinsistonself-reliance.

我们坚持自力更生。Theyalwaysinsistonahighstandard.

他们一贯坚持高标准。Theyinsistedonhelpingusinthekitchen.

他们坚持要给我们帮厨。★boom[bu:m]v.轰响1.n.轰响theboomofthecannons2.V.

急速增长；eg.Aftertheboom,everythingisgloom.boomtown新兴的工业城市Businessisbooming.商业正日趋繁荣。★cleft[kleft]n.裂隙，开口inacleftstick

在进退两难中...frostcleft

冻裂asharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor贫富之间的巨大差异★glisten['glisn]v.闪烁Thestreetglistenedintherain.街道在雨水中闪光。Hereyesglistenedwithtears.她眼中的泪水在闪烁。★eerie['iәri]a.引起恐惧的，可怕的intheeeriesilence令人恐怖的寂静之中★dome[dәum]n.穹窿，圆顶thebluedomeofsky苍穹

underthedome穹顶之下柴静，雾霾🌻Part

3:Notesonthetext★Caveexploration,orpotholing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.

asithascometobeknown…as引导方式状语从句“正如人们已开始知道的那样。”Cometo变成某种状态，有一个方向性，“从过去到现在，逐渐地”，有一个发展的过程★Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.

1.Itisthedesireforsolitude…thatlurespeople…（强调句）2.downto副词down表示方向后紧跟的to介词，表目的对象3.注意depth除了深度以外，depths（复数形式）表示深处、深渊★Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer'smotives.Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.

1.Itisimpossibletodosth......it做形式主语，属于固定句式···2.Forhim，him指洞穴探险者3.havethefascinationfor····★Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.which从句的用法，引导宾语从句militaryoperations.军事行动★Itcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.

1.ittakessbsometimetodosth花费某人时间去做某事，it是形式主语2.aslongas

只要，长达····3.rigup装配，装在★Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficultieswhichwillconfrontthepotholer.

1.precautionn.预防措施

takeprecaution采取预防措施2.thenatureof属…性质

Letthenaturetakeitscourse顺其自然3.confront

v.面对，遭遇

confrontsbwithsth特化为(以某事物)与(某人)对质例：OnmyfirstdayatworkIwasconfrontedwiththetaskofchairingameeting.

befacedwith★ThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstreamwhichhastunnelledacoursethroughaflawintherocks.

TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphineAlps.

1.known过去分词作定语thedeepestknowncave已知的最深的洞穴2.extendto延伸到···3.beformedby

以什么形成4.Theentranceto····的入口★Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpotholers'Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.

muchofitstillremainstob