阅读理解阅读技能指导

二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之（十二）如何理清句间结构之转折句间的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but,however,onthecontrary,yet句首),still(句首),asamatteroffact,infact,instead,nevertheless,while等。［高考典例1］2013-湖北卷•完形填空Thehousecame45(alive)thenextfewdays.Zigfried46(enjoyed)everysinglehourofthem.__47__，thedaybeforeChristmaswhenhewasdrinkinghotchocolatewitha48(satisfied)smileatthedoorofhishome,heheardthe49(discussion)ofthechildrenofthefamilyaboutwhattheymightgetforChristmas.What?Acat?The50(smile)frozeonhisface...47.A.However B.InsteadMoreoverD.Therefore［分析］从47空前后文的关系来看，此处表示转折关系，故用however。［高考典例2］2014-山东卷•完形填空ButCharlottehadbeenpractisingwithoutalicence.Shehad34(applied_for)adoctor'slicenceinbothMontrealandWinnipeg,butwas__35__.35.A.punishedB.refusedC.blamed D.fired［分析］由转折词but可知她曾申请行医执照，但是被拒绝了。故选B项。［高考典例3］2015-全国卷I•阅读七选五Youdidn'tlose"everything".Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.__40__Instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.Learntoreallytrustyourself.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.［分析］空格的上文指出要看到生活中积极的一面。下文中的Instead一词说明空格和下文存在着行文逆转，即转折关系。分析七个选项，只有G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)合适。［高考典例4］2013-浙江卷-B篇Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.Q：WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainisTRUE?Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzy.Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.［分析］本题是在转折处设题。本段的小标题：心脏和大脑，谁的工作强度大？对于此问题的解释是要看你是在思考还是在锻炼。本段前面指出，在进行体育锻炼时，心脏的工作强度大。接着通过转折句（But,inthelongrun...）指出从长远来看，大脑的工作强度比心脏的工作强度大。故选A。［课下语篇提能练］ 40分钟I.阅读理解In2007,Americansreadlessfrequentlyandmorepoorlythantheyhadintheprevioustenyears,accordingtoanalysisbytheNationalEndowmentfortheArts.Whileafollowupstudyin2009reportedanencouragingriseinthenumberofadultsreadinganynovels,poetry,orplaysina12monthperiod,itofferednoencouragingnewsoncomprehensionandmadenoapologiesforhowthebarhadn'tonlybeenloweredbutdropped.IwanttobelievewehighschoolEnglishteachersarethethinbluelinecheckingthistrend.ButIcan'thelpconsideringthepossibilitywemaybecontributingtoit.I'veoftenthoughtthatthemodernclassroom'sentirereasonforbeingistotranslateindividual（个人的）learningexperienceintosocialconsensus（共识）orapplication.Otherwise,we'dsimplyletourstudentslooseinwellstockedlibrariesandbookstores.Mostindividualexperiencesinreadingworkthisway.Thechoiceofabookreflectsitsavailabilityandthereader'scuriosity.IhadmanyreasonsforreadingthebooksIdidinthelastsixmonths:halfwererecommended（推荐），othersweresubjectsthatcaughtmyinterestorbyauthorswhoseotherworksIhadenjoyed.IincludemycopyofTheRagandBoneShopoftheHeartthatIrarelygomorethantwoweekswithoutspendingatleast30qualityminutesreading,becausereally,Icouldn'tpossiblyreadpoetrythesamewayIreadabook.Readingabookinthehighschoolclassroomisdifferent.Evenforhabitualreadersthebookisn'tlikelyonethey'dpickupontheirown.My9thgradenovellistincludesToKillaMockingbird,TheChocolateWar,OfMiceandMen,Night,TheHouseonMangoStreet,andRomeoandJuliet,averystandardlistfor9thgradersacrossthecountry.NoneofthesebooksarebyStephanieMeyer,NicholasSparks,SuzanneCollins,orRickRiordan,namesyoumaybeunfamiliarwith,butmentionthemtoteenswhoreadorhighschoollibrariansandtheycanbringyouuptospeed.Also,tests,quizzes,andactivitiesputdeadlinesonreaders.Consideringhowwidethedifferencesbetweenreadingonone'sownandreadinginaclassare,I'minterestedinhoweducatorsmighttakesomeaspectsfromtheformertolethighschoolstudentsreadjusttoread.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为为更好地培养学生的阅读能力，老师们不应该过多干涉学生阅读。Whatconcernstheauthor?ThedroppingnumberofAmericanreaders.ThequalityofAmericanhighschoolteachers.TheattitudeofAmericanadultstowardsreading.TheupsettingcomprehensionlevelsofAmericans.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“itofferednoencouragingnewsoncomprehensionandmadenoapologiesforhowthebarhadn'tonlybeenloweredbutdropped”'可知，虽然最近一年来，美国读书的人多了，但是美国人的阅读理解能力却直线下滑。Whatdidtheauthorthinkofreadingaccordingtohisownexperience?Itshouldbedoneatlibraries.Itshouldbeguidedbyteachers.Itisauniquepersonalexperience.Itisbettertospendover30minutesonit.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段开头的“Mostindividualexperiencesinreadingworkthisway.”和作者对自己阅读经历的描述可知，作者认为读书更多的应该是一种个人经历。ThenameslikeStephanieMeyerarementionedtoshow.thenovellistislimitedtheyarepopularwithlibrarianstheirworksdon'tappealtoteenstheyarefamiliarnamesinliterature解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“butmentionthemtoteenswhoreadorhighschoollibrariansandtheycanbringyouuptospeed.Also,tests,quizzes,andactivitiesputdeadlinesonreaders”可知，作者认为学校推荐给学生的书单远远不够，应该让学生读一些其他作家的书，这样有利于他们阅读能力的提高。Whatistheauthor'ssuggestion?Lettingkidsreadalone.Encouragingkidstoread.Excitingkids'interestinnovels.Reconsideringhighschooleducation.解析：选A推理判断题。作者在文中对比了自己的读书经历和学校里学生的读书现状，并在最后一段中表达了自己的看法：lethighschoolstudentsreadjusttoread。由此可知，他希望老师们不要过多干涉学生的读书过程，应该给学生多一些选择的自由。II.完形填空Sleepwalkingismostcommonduringthepreteenyearsandmayaffect15percentofchildren.Ittendstoruninfamilies.Forexample,achildis10timesmorelikelytosleepwalkifafirstdegree__1__suchasaparentorasibling（兄弟姐妹）alsosleepwalks.Andit'smostlikelyto__2__earlyinthenight,withinafewhoursoffallingasleep.Most__3__outgrow（摆脱）theirsleepwalkingbythelateteenyears.Herearesomewaysto__4__thisnighttimebehavior.Soundanalarm.__5_isanobviousconcerninthissituation,soifyoudon'thaveanalarmsysteminyourhousetohelp__6__yourchildinside,youmaywanttouseanindividualdooralarm.Placeagateinthedoorwaytoyourchild's__7__.Thiswillkeepthesleepwalkerintheroom,orhemaymakeenough__8__tryingtomovethegatethatyou'llcatchyourchildintheact.Makesureyouhavesafetylocksonalldoorsandwindows__9__outside,soyourchildcan'tleavethehousewhilesleepwalking.__10__yourchildbacktobed.__11__encouragehimtogotosleep.__12__sleepwalkersareinthedeepeststageofsleep,theywillbeconfusedifwoken.Inaddition,__13__thesleepwalkersmaydisrupt（中断）theirsleep,whichinturnmaycausetheirdaytime__14__.Soifyourchildissleepwalking,it's__15__tojusttellhimtogobacktobed,orgentlyleadhimtohisroom.Reducestress.Mostoften,sleepwalkingistheresultofemotional__16__.Whenasecondchildisborn,theolderchildmaybe__17_oflosinghisparents'love.Talkwithyourchildabout__18__inhislife.Ifyoufindyourchild'ssleepwalkingmightbe__19__bysomestressinhislife,tryto__20__it.Getthehelpofamental(精神的)healthexpertifheneedsit.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对儿童梦游的三种方法。A.relative B.friendC.partnerD.member解析：选A由下文中的“suchasaparentorasibling”可知，如果一级“亲属(relative)”像父母或兄弟姐妹梦游，那么这个孩子也很有可能会梦游。A.endB.changeC.occurD.show解析：选C由该空后的“earlyinthenight,withinafewhoursoffallingasleep”可知，梦游最有可能“发生(occur)”在前半夜，入睡后的前几个小时。A.familiesB.childrenC.studentsD.boys解析：选B由上文中的“duringthepreteenyears”和“affect15percentofchildren”可知，大多数“儿童(children)”在进入青春期后梦游症会自行消失。A.getthroughB.lookintoC.giveupD.dealwith解析：选D由下文中的“Soundanalarm”，"yourchildbacktobed”以及“Reducestress.”可知，下文是“应对(dealwith)”这种夜间行为的三个方法。A.HealthB.SafetyC.StrengthD.Effect解析：选B由下文的描述可知，在这种情况下，“安全(Safety)”是一个明显的问题。A.hide B.keepC.putD.leave解析：选B由下文中的“Thiswillkeepthesleepwalkerintheroom'*““soyourchildcan'tleavethehousewhilesleepwalking”可知，此处指报警系统有助于“保持(keep)”孩子待在室内。A.area B.classroomC.bedroomD.space解析：选C由该空后的“Thiswillkeepthesleepwalkerintheroom”可知，在孩子的“卧室(bedroom)”门口放置栅栏门。A.noise B.painC.movementD.progress解析：选A由下文的描述可知，梦游的人在移动栅栏门的时候会弄出“噪^noise)”。A.leadingB.pointingC.facingD.closing解析：选A由下文中的“soyourchildcan'tleavethehousewhilesleepwalking”可知，确保所有“通往(leading)”外面的门和窗都有安全锁。A.OrderB.PushC.GuideD.Drive解析：选C由下文中的“leadhimtohisroom”可知，此处指把你的孩子“领(Guide)”回床上。A.StronglyB.QuicklyC.CalmlyD.Gently解析：选D由下文的描述可知，此处指“轻声地(Gently)”鼓励他去睡觉。A.ThoughB.UnlessC.BecauseD.Before解析：选C由该段的描述可知，“因为(Because)”梦游者在深睡眠阶段，如果把他们叫醒，他们会感到很困惑。A.teachingB.wakingC.watchingD.directing解析：选B由文中的描述可知，“唤醒(waking)”梦游的人会扰乱他们的睡眠，这样又会导致他们白天“困倦(tiredness)”。A.sicknessB.sadnessC.lonelinessD.tiredness解析：选D参见上题解析。A.wrongB.uselessC.easiestD.best解析：选D由文中的描述可知，如果你的孩子正在梦游，“最好(best)”是告诉他回到床上，或者轻轻地把他领回到卧室。A.mistakesB.reasonsC.problemsD.choices解析：选C由上文中的stress以及下文的描述可知，大多数情况下，梦游是情绪“问题(problems)”导致的结果。A.boredB.guiltyC.awareD.afraid解析：选D由该空后的“losinghisparents'love”可知，大一点的孩子“害帽afraid)”失去父母的爱。A.difficultiesB.lessonsC.chancesD.memories解析：选A由文中的描述可知，家长应该和孩子谈论他生活中的“困难(difficulties)”。A.followedB.increasedC.removedD.caused解析：选D如果你发现孩子的梦游是他生活中的压力“导致(caused)”的，努力去“解决(address)”它。A.decideB.addressC.standD.understand解析：选B参见上题解析。m.语法填空AtuniversityIplayaDutchsport__1__(call)korfball.Thisisateamsportwitheightpeopleoneachteam,fourboysandfourgirls.It'stheonly__2__(true)mixedsportwithbothgendersonthecourtat__3__sametime.Theaimistoshoottheballintothehoop,whichislikeanetballorbasketballhoop,only__4__(high)thanthat!Allplayersgetachance__5__(attack)anddefendduringthegameandit'sveryfastpaced.WhenI__6__(start)korfball,Iwasn'tverygoodatit.IcouldthrowandcatchbutIwasnotveryfastonmyfeet.ShootingwasalsodifficultformebecauseI'dplayednetballinschoolandwasused__7_ashorterpost.Moreover,youoftenhavetoshootonthemoveinkorfball,andIfound__8_hardtobalanceandshootstraightwhilerunningbackwardsawayfrommydefender!However,Ireallyenjoyedthesportandmadefriendsintheclub,soIattended__9_(train)twiceaweek,everyweek.TwoyearslaterIaminthefirstteamformyuniversityandhaveplayedinmanymatchesandtournaments,evenscoringsome__10_(goal)formyteam!Thisjustshowsthathardworkpaysoff—ifyoutrainhard,youcansucceed.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在大学里参加的一项运动 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