人教版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists reading （2）课件

Unit1ReadingandthinkingLanguagepointsJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA“约输·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”P1Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,

dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,when

anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeopledied

fromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.usedtobe过去常常是besevereon/with对……严厉beseverewithoneself严于律己anoutbreakof...的爆发outbreakn.爆发breakoutv.爆发frustratev.frustrationn.frustratedadj.frustratingadj.infrustration懊恼地，沮丧地Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.

However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.loseone’sdesiretodosth.放弃做某事的愿望intime

及时，最终，迟早，经过一段时间之后rise(rose/risen熟词生义)变得更加成功(或重要、强大等)attendto照顾，护理onceandforall最终地，彻底地Nowit’stimetosolvetheproblemonceandforall.P2Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwo

contradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholera

spread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.ingeneral通常，大体上，总的来说……infectedadj.受感染的，受污染的infectiousadj.传染性的，感染的infectsb.with…把……传染给某人beinfectedwith…感染了……contradictv.反驳,相矛盾contradictionn.不一致,矛盾incontradictionto…与…….相反Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,

buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwasso

severethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.subscribeto同意,赞同(后常跟view,belief,theory…)订阅，定期捐助subscribern.订阅人；定期捐款者P3Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspected

thatthewaterpumpwastoblame.suspectsbof(doing)sth怀疑某人(做了)某事suspicionn.怀疑

suspiciousadj.感觉可疑的blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责blamesbfor(doing)sth.因(做)某事责备某人blamesthon...把某事归咎于……betoblame(forsth)(对某事)负有责任n.责备；指责take/beartheblamefor...对……承担责任put/lay/placetheblameforsth.on...把某事归咎于……Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.interventionn.介入，出面，干涉intervenev.介入，出面，插嘴P4ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthe

differentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.alinkbetweenAandBA与B之间的联系/纽带linkAto/withB将A与B联系/连接起来belinkedto/withsth与某物有联系/有关P5ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.adereasein…(n.)在……方面减少onthedecrease(n.)在减少decreaseto…(v.)减少到……decreaseby…(n.)减少了……transformsb/sth(from…)into…将某人/物(从……)变成……在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。How__________itwasthatIwastypinganurgentreportwhenthecomputerbrokedown.Isatstillonmychair,__________,wonderingwhattodo.Mybrothersawmetappingthetablein__________andsuggestedusinghiscomputertofinishthereport.(frustrate)2.—Thefellowhasbeensuspected__________emailfraud(诈骗).—Nowadayscybercrimeisdevelopingatanamazingrate.3.Ithasbeenclearthatthisdiseaseishighly__________,whichcanmakepeople__________throughtheair,butthe__________cannotbefoundwithinseveraldays.(infect)4.Wegotintotroublebecausenoneofusknewhow__________(handle)themachine.5.—It'smymother'sfaultthatmyroomisinamess.—Nonsense!Yourmotherisnot__________(blame)foryourlaziness.frustratingfrustratedfrustrationofinfectiousinfectedinfectiontohandletoblame6.Thebossblamedthedelayoftheplan__________thesecretary.7.Yourbehaviourisindirect____________(contradict)totheprinciplesyouclaimtostickto.8.Whenhewasreadytoleavehefoundhisbicycle'sfronttyreflat.Hehadtolookforaplacealongthestreettohavehisbicycle__________(repair).9.Whenhetalkedtome,heusedtohavehisarms________(cross).10.Theexpertsaysthatnowadaystherearetoomanydiseaseswhicharelinked__________po