希尔国际商务第11版英文教材课件完整版电子教案

希尔国际商务第11版英文版703页完整版课件正版可修改PPTInternational

Business11eBy

Charles

W.L.

HillCopyright

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2017

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Education.

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Education.Chapter

1Copyright

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Education.

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Education.GlobalizationWhat

Is

Globalization?Copyright

©

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

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or

distribution

without

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prior

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Education1.-Globalization

-

the

shift

toward

a

moreintegrated

and

interdependent

worldeconomyThe

world

is

moving

away

from

self-contained

national

economies

toward

aninterdependent,

integrated

globaleconomic

systemWhat

Is

TheGlobalization

of

Markets?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-Historically

distinct

and

separate

nationalmarkets

are

mergingIt

no

longer

makes

sense

to

talk

about

the“German

market”

or

the

“American

market”Instead,

there

is

the

“global

market”falling

trade

barriers

make

it

easier

to

sell

globally

consumers’

tastes

and

preferences

are

converging

onsome

global

norm

firms

promote

the

trend

by

offering

the

same

basicproducts

worldwideWhat

Is

TheGlobalization

of

Markets?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

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or

distribution

without

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Education1.-Firms

of

all

sizes

benefit

and

contribute

tothe

globalization

of

markets97%

of

all

U.S.

exporters

have

less

than

500employees98%

of

all

small

and

mid-sized

Germancompanies

participate

in

international

marketsWhat

Is

TheGlobalization

of

Production?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

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or

distribution

without

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prior

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Education1.-Firms

source

goods

and

services

fromlocations

around

the

globe

to

capitalize

onnational

differences

in

the

cost

and

qualityof

factors

of

production

like

land,

labor,energy,

and

capitalCompanies

canlower

their

overall

cost

structureimprove

the

quality

or

functionality

of

theirproduct

offeringWhy

Do

We

NeedGlobal

Institutions?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

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or

distribution

without

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Education1.-Global

institutionshelp

manage,

regulate,

and

police

the

globalmarketplacepromote

the

establishment

of

multinationaltreaties

to

govern

the

global

business

systemWhy

Do

We

NeedGlobal

Institutions?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-Examples

includethe

General

Agreement

on

Tariffs

and

Trade(GATT)the

World

Trade

Organization

(WTO)the

International

Monetary

Fund

(IMF)the

World

Bankthe

United

Nations

(UN)the

G20What

Do

GlobalInstitutions

Do?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

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or

distribution

without

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Education1.-The

World

Trade

Organization

(like

itspredecessor

GATT)polices

the

world

trading

systemmakes

sure

that

nation-states

adhere

to

therules

laid

down

in

trade

treatiespromotes

lower

barriers

to

trade

andinvestment159

members

in

2013What

Do

GlobalInstitutions

Do?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

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consent

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Education1.-The

International

Monetary

Fund

(1944)maintains

order

in

the

international

monetarysystemlender

of

last

resort

for

countries

in

crisisArgentina,

Indonesia,

Mexico,

Russia,

South

Korea, Thailand,

Turkey,

Ireland,

and

GreeceThe

World

Bank

(1944)promotes

economic

development

via

lowinterest

loans

for

infrastructure

projectsWhat

Do

GlobalInstitutions

Do?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-The

United

Nations

(1945)maintains

international

peace

and

securitydevelops

friendly

relations

among

nationscooperates

in

solving

international

problemsand

in

promoting

respect

for

human

rightsis

a

center

for

harmonizing

the

actions

ofnationsThe

G20forum

through

which

major

nations

tried

tolaunch

a

coordinated

policy

response

to

the2008-2009

global

financial

crisisWhat

Is

Driving

Globalization?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-Declining

barriers

to

the

free

flow

of

goods,services,

and

capitalaverage

tariffs

are

now

at

just

4%more

favorable

environment

for

FDIglobal

stock

of

FDI

was

$20.4

trillion

in

2011facilitates

global

productionTechnological

changemicroprocessors

and

telecommunicationsInternet:

information

backbone

of

the

global

economytransportation

technologyWhat

Does

GlobalizationMean

For

Firms?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

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Education1.-Lower

barriers

to

trade

and

investmentmean

firms

canview

the

world,

rather

than

a

single

country,as

their

marketbase

production

in

the

optimal

location

for

thatactivityBut,

firms

may

also

find

their

homemarkets

under

attack

by

foreign

firmsDeclining

Trade

AndInvestment

BarriersAverage

Tariff

Rates

on

Manufactured

Products

as

Percent

of

ValueCopyright

©

2017

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Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-What

Does

GlobalizationMean

For

Firms?Copyright

©

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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written

consent

of

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Education1.-Technological

change

meanslower

transportation

costs

help

create

global

markets

and

allow

firms

todisperse

production

to

economical,

geographicallyseparate

locationslow

cost

information

processing

and

communication

firms

can

create

and

manage

globally

dispersedproductionlow

cost

global

communications

networkshelp

create

an

electronic

global

marketplaceglobal

communication

networks

and

global

media

create

a

worldwide

culture

and

a

global

consumerproduct

marketThe

Changing

DemographicsOf

The

Global

EconomyCopyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

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consent

of

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Education1.-Four

trends

are

important:The

changing

world

output

and

world trade

pictureThe

changing

foreign

direct

investment pictureThe

changing

nature

of

the multinational

enterpriseThe

changing

world

orderHow

Has

World

Output

AndWorld

Trade

Changed?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-In

1960,

the

U.S.

accounted

for

almost

40%of

world

economic

activity,

but

by

2012,the

U.S.

accounted

for

just

23%a

similar

trend

occurred

in

other

developedcountriesIn

contrast,

the

share

of

world

outputaccounted

for

by

developing

nations

isrisingexpected

to

account

for

more

than

60%

ofworld

economic

activity

by

2020How

Has

World

Output

AndWorld

Trade

Changed?The

Changing

Demographics

of

World

Output

and

TradeCopyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-How

Has

Foreign

DirectInvestment

Changed

Over

Time?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education1.-In

the

1960s,

U.S.

firms

accounted

forabout

two-thirds

of

worldwide

FDI

flowsToday,

the

United

States

accounts

for

lessthan

one-fifth

of

worldwide

FDI

flowsOther

developed

countries

have

followed

asimilar

patternIn

contrast,

the

share

of

FDI

accounted

forby

developing

countries

has

risenDeveloping

countries,

especially

China,

havealso

become

popular

destinations

for

FDIHow

Has

Foreign

DirectInvestment

Changed

Over

Time?Percentage

Share

of

Total

FDI

Stock

1980-2013Copyright

©

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

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or

distribution

without

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consent

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Education1.-How

Has

Foreign

DirectInvestment

Changed

Over

Time?FDI

Inflows

1980-2013Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-What

Is

AMultinational

Enterprise?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

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consent

of

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Education1.-Multinational

enterprise

(MNE)

-

anybusiness

that

has

productive

activities

intwo

or

more

countriesSince

the

1960sthe

number

of

non-U.S.

multinationals

hasrisenthe

number

of

mini-multinationals

has

risenThe

Changing

World

OrderCopyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

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or

distribution

without

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Education1.-Many

former

Communist

nations

in

Europe

andAsia

are

now

committed

to

democratic

politicsand

free

market

economiescreates

new

opportunities

for

international

businesses

but,

there

are

signs

of

growing

unrest

and

totalitariantendencies

in

some

countriesChina

and

Latin

America

are

also

moving

towardgreater

free

market

reforms

between

1983

and

2010,

FDI

in

China

increased

fromless

than

$2

billion

to

$100

billion

annually

but,

China

also

has

many

new

strong

companies

thatcould

threaten

Western

firmsThink

Like

a

ManagerHisense

CEO

Zhou

Houjian

led

his

company

to

becomeone

of

China’s

top-selling

electronics

manufacturerusing

a

strategy

of

rapid

innovation

and

low-costmanufacturing.If

you

were

given

the

chance

to

run

a

leadingelectronics

company,

would

you

use

a

similar

approachto

grow

your

brand?

Or

would

you

devote

more

time

toresearch

and

development

and

produce

fewer

productsat

a

higher

price

point?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

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Educati1o-n2.4How

Will

The

Global

EconomyOf

The

21st

Century

Look?Copyright

©

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Education.

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rights

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or

distribution

without

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Education1.-The

world

is

moving

toward

a

more

globaleconomic

system…But

globalization

is

not

inevitable

there

are

signs

of

a

retreat

from

liberal

economicideology

in

RussiaGlobalization

brings

risks

the

financial

crisis

that

swept

through

South

East

Asiain

the

late

1990s

the

recent

financial

crisis

that

started

in

the

U.S.

in2008-2009,

and

moved

around

the

worldIs

An

Interdependent

GlobalEconomy

A

Good

Thing?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-Supporters

believe

that

increased

trade

andcross-border

investment

meanlower

prices

for

goods

and

servicesgreater

economic

growthhigher

consumer

income,

and

more

jobsCritics

worry

that

globalization

will

causejob

lossesenvironmental

degradationthe

cultural

imperialism

of

global

media

and

MNEsAnti-globalization

protesters

now

regularly

showup

at

most

major

meetings

of

global

institutionsHow

Does

GlobalizationAffect

Jobs

And

Income?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-Critics

argue

that

falling

barriers

to

tradare

destroying

manufacturing

jobs

inadvanced

countriesSupporters

contend

that

the

benefits

ofthis

trend

outweigh

the

costscountries

will

specialize

in

what

they

do

mostefficiently

and

trade

for

other

goods—and

allcountries

will

benefitHow

Does

Globalization

Affect

LaborPolicies

And

The

Environment?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-Critics

argue

that

firms

avoid

the

cost

ofadhering

to

labor

and

environmental

regulationsby

moving

production

to

countries

where

suchregulations

do

not

exist,

or

are

not

enforcedSupporters

claim

that

tougher

environmental

andlabor

standards

are

associated

with

economicprogress

as

countries

get

richer

from

free

trade,

theyimplement

tougher

environmental

and

laborregulationsHow

Does

GlobalizationAffect

National

Sovereignty?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-

Is

today’s

global

economy

shifting

economic

power

awayfrom

national

governments

toward

supranationalorganizations

like

the

WTO,

the

EU,

and

the

UN?

Critics

argue

that

unelected

bureaucrats

have

the

powerto

impose

policies

on

the

democratically

electedgovernments

of

nation-states

Supporters

claim

that

the

power

of

these

organizations

islimited

to

what

nation-states

agree

to

grant

the

power

of

the

organizations

lies

in

their

ability

toget

countries

to

agree

to

follow

certain

actionsHow

Is

GlobalizationAffecting

The

World’s

Poor?Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education1.-Is

the

gap

between

rich

nations

and

poor

nationsgetting

wider?Critics

believe

that

if

globalization

was

beneficiathere

should

not

be

a

divergence

between

richand

poor

nationsSupporters

claim

that

the

best

way

for

the

poornations

to

improve

their

situation

is

toreduce

barriers

to

trade

and

investment

implement

economic

policies

based

on

free

marketeconomies

receive

debt

forgiveness

for

debts

incurred

undertotalitarian

regimesHow

Does

The

GlobalMarketplace

Affect

Managers?Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education1.-Managing

an

international

business

differs

frommanaging

a

domestic

business

becausecountries

are

different

the

range

of

problems

confronted

in

an

internationalbusiness

is

wider

and

the

problems

more

complexthan

those

in

a

domestic

business

firms

have

to

find

ways

to

work

within

the

limitsimposed

by

government

intervention

in

theinternational

trade

and

investment

system

international

transactions

involve

converting

moneyinto

different

currenciesInternational

Business11eBy

Charles

W.L.

HillCopyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education.Chapter

2Copyright

©

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

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or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education.National

Differences

inPolitical,

Economic,

andLegal

SystemsWhat

Is

A

Political

Economy?2-Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education.Political

economy

of

a

nation

-

how

thepolitical,

economic,

and

legal

systems

of

acountry

are

interdependentthey

interact

and

influence

each

otherthey

affect

the

level

of

economic

well-being

inthe

nationWhat

Is

A

Political

System?2-Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

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Education.Political

system

-

the

system

ofgovernment

in

a

nationAssessed

according

tothe

degree

to

which

the

country

emphasizescollectivism

as

opposed

to

individualismthe

degree

to

which

the

country

is

democraticor

totalitarianWhat

Is

Collectivism?2-Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

of

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Education.Collectivism

stresses

the

primacy

ofcollective

goals

over

individual

goalscan

be

traced

to

the

Greek

philosopher,

Plato(427-347

BC)Today,

collectivism

is

equated

withsocialists

(Karl

Marx

1818-1883)advocate

state

ownership

of

the

basic

meansof

production,

distribution,

and

exchangemanage

to

benefit

society

as

a

whole,

ratherthan

individual

capitalistsHow

Does

Modern-DaySocialism

Look?2-Copyright

©

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

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or

distribution

without

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prior

written

consent

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Education.

In

the

early

20th

century,

socialism

split

into1.Communism

–

socialism

can

only

beachieved

through

violent

revolution

andtotalitarian

dictatorshipin

retreat

worldwide

by

mid-1990s2.Social

democrats

–

socialism

is

achievedthrough

democratic

means

retreating

as

many

countries

move

toward

freemarket

economiesstate-owned

enterprises

have

been

privatizedWhat

Is

Individualism?2-Copyright

©

2017

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Education.

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rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

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consent

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Education.Individualism

refers

to

philosophy

that

anindividual

should

have

freedom

in

his

owneconomic

and

political

pursuits

can

be

traced

to

Greek

philosopher,

Aristotle

(384-322

BC)

individual

diversity

and

private

ownership

aredesirable

individual

economic

and

political

freedoms

are

theground

rules

on

which

a

society

should

be

based

implies

democratic

political

systems

and

free

marketeconomiesWhat

Is

Democracy?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.Democracy

-

a

political

system

in

whichgovernment

is

by

the

people,

exercised

eitherdirectly

or

through

elected

representativesusually

associated

with

individualism

pure

democracy

is

based

on

the

belief

that

citizensshould

be

directly

involved

in

decision

making

most

modern

democratic

states

practicerepresentative

democracy

where

citizens

periodicallyelect

individuals

to

represent

themWhat

Is

Totalitarianism?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.

Totalitarianism

-

form

of

government

inwhich

one

person

or

political

partyexercises

absolute

control

over

allspheres

of

human

life

and

prohibitsopposing

political

partiesWhat

Is

Totalitarianism?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.Four

major

forms

of

totalitarianism

exist

todayCommunist

totalitarianism

–

found

in

states

where the

communist

party

monopolizes

powerTheocratic

totalitarianism

-

found

in

states

where political

power

is

monopolized

by

a

party,

group,

or individual

that

governs

according

to

religious principlesTribal

totalitarianism

-

found

in

states

where

a political

party

that

represents

the

interests

of

a particular

tribe

monopolizes

powerRight-wing

totalitarianism

-

permits

some

individual

economic

freedom,

but

restricts

individual

political

freedomWhat

Is

The

Link

Between

PoliticalIdeology

and

Economic

Systems?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.

Political

ideology

and

economic

systemsare

connected

countries

that

stress

individual

goals

arelikely

to

have

market

based

economies

in

countries

where

state-ownership

iscommon,

collective

goals

are

dominantWhat

Is

An

Economic

System?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.

There

are

three

types

of

economicsystemsMarket

economies

-

all

productive activities

are

privately

owned

and production

is

determined

by

the interaction

of

supply

and

demand

government

encourages

free

and

faircompetition

between

private

producersWhat

Is

An

Economic

System?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.Command

economies

-

government

plans

the goods

and

services

that

a

country

produces,the

quantity

that

is

produced,

and

the

prices

aswhich

they

are

sold

all

businesses

are

state-owned,

andgovernments

allocate

resources

for

“thegood

of

society”

because

there

is

little

incentive

to

controlcosts

and

be

efficient,

command

economiestend

to

stagnateWhat

Is

An

Economic

System?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.Mixed

economies

-

certain

sectors

of

the economy

are

left

to

private

ownership and

free

market

mechanisms

while

other sectors

have

significant

state

ownership and

government

planning

governments

tend

to

own

firms

that

areconsidered

important

to

national

securityWhat

Is

A

Legal

System?2-Copyright

©

2017

McGraw-Hill

Education.

All

rights

reserved.

No

reproduction

or

distribution

without

the

prior

written

consent

of

McGraw-Hill

Education.

Legal

system

-

the

rules

that

regulate

behavioralong

with

the

processes

by

which

the

laws

areenforced

and

through

which

redress

forgrievances

is

obtained

the

system

in

a

country