药理学英文版教学课件：Chapter 1 Introduction to Pharmacology

WelcometobilingualpharmacologycoursePharmacologyQuestionsHaveyouevertakenanykindofmedicine?Doyouwonderwhat’sthedrugdoinginyourbody?Let’slookintothe“blackbox”-----takeawonderfuljourneywithdruginthebody

Chapter1

Introductiontopharmacology

Textbookswe’lluse《药理学》吴基良罗健东主编科学出版社第二版《TextbookofPharmacology》周宏灏主编科学出版社《Pharmacology》MagaliTaylor,PeterReide.Mosby’sCrashCourse

科学出版社ContentsofpharmacologycoursePrinciplesofpharmacologyPharmacologyofdrugforthemajororgansystems:ANS(传出神经系统);CNS（中枢神经系统）;Cardiovascularsystem;bloodandbloodformingsystem;Respiratoryanddigestivesystems;endocrinesystemChemotherapyWhatisDrug?Drug:

Anynaturalorsyntheticsubstancethatinsmallamountsaltersthephysiologicalstatesinabiologicalsystem.Medicaldrugs:usedforthetreatment,prevention,anddiagnosisofdiseases.Non-medicaldrugs:usedforrecreational（娱乐）purposes.Drugcanalsobecalledagent,medicine,pharmakon,remedy,materiamedicaPrescription（处方）drugNonprescriptiondrug(非处方药，overthecounter,OTC)Poison(毒药)Thedosemakesthepoison.Ifsomethingisnotapoison，itisnotadrug.

Sourcesofdrugs

Plant–alkaloids(生物碱),glycosides(苷类)

Animal–insulin

Microorganisms–antibioticsSyntheticchemicals;Geneticengineeringproducts.

ConceptsofpharmacologyPharmacology

:

thestudyoftheinteractions（相互作用）betweendrugsandlivingsystemandtheirmechanismsMedicalPharmacology:When:Livingsystem=humanbodyPharmacologyinclude:Pharmacokinetics（药物代谢动力学）

Whatthebodydotoadrugwithtime:absorption,distribution,metabolism,andexcretion.(ADME)Pharmacodynamics

（药物效应动力学）Explorehowthedrugdotothebodytheeffects&mechanismofactionofthedrug

TheDutiesofPharmacologya.Toexplaintheactionanditsmechanismsofdrug,toprovidethetheoryforclinicuseandenhancethedrugefficacy.b.Todevelopnewdrugandnewindicationsofdrug.c.Toexplorethepathwayofphysio-,biochemi-andpathologyofthecells.

TheRoles（地位）ofPharmacology

workasBridgesbetween:Medicalscienceandpharmaceutical（药学）sciencesBasicandclinicalmedicalsciences

HistoryPrehistoricpeoplerecognizedthebeneficialortoxiceffectsofmanyplantandanimalmaterialsfromtheirdailylife.About2700BC,peopleknewHerbaEphedrae（麻黄）isgoodforasthmaWillowbark（柳树皮）isanantipyretic（退热药）AncientEgypt、India1500BC,Egypt(Eberspapyrus)1500BC，IndiaherbalMedicine<Shennong’sHerbalClassic>(神农本草经),about100BC<CompendiumofMateriaMedica>,(本草纲目李时珍),about1578EstablishofmodernpharmacologyAbouttheendof18thcentury,therapiddevelopmentinphysiologyandchemistrylaidgoodfoundationformodernpharmacologyIn1803GermanchemistFredrickSurturner(1783-1841)separatemorphinefromopiumClaudeBernard(1813-1878)provedthemechanismofarrowpoison:curare（箭毒）OswaldSchmiedeberg(1838-1921)aGermanpharmacologist,thefartherofmodernpharmacology.Receptor

Pharmacology

inChina

陈克恢(KKChen):ephedrine(麻黄素1923)张昌绍，邹冈：Analgesicsiteofmorphine(1963).屠呦呦：

artemisinin(青蒿素，拉斯克奖)金国章：Rotundine（罗通定）秦伯益：dihydroetorphine（二氢埃托啡）TheMainBranchesofPharmacology临床药理学：Clinicalpharmacology生化药理学：Biochemicalpharmacology分子药理学：Molecularpharmacology免疫药理学：Immunopharmacology心血管药理学：Cardiovascularpharmacology神经药理学：Neuropharmacology遗传药理学：Pharmacogenetics化学治疗学：ChemotherapyMethodsforPharmacologyStudya.invivo（整体）andinvitro(离体)b.Bioassay(生物检定

,Vane,1983）c.Biochemicalmethods(生化方法)Fluorospectrometry(荧光分光光度法):monoamine(单胺)

d.MolecularBiologicalmethods

Gaschromatography/massspectrometry

(气相层析与质谱联用)Highperformanceliquidchromatography(高效液相，HPLC)Microdialisis(微透析法):NP,cAMPRadioreceptorbindingassay(放射受体结合实验)Adioimmunoassay(放免测定)

Morphology形态学方法

Histochemistry(组织化学)Fluorescencehistochemistry(荧光组织化学)

Autoradiography(放射自显影)Immunocytochemistry(免疫细胞化学)

Electrophysiology电生理学方法

insituvoltametry(原位伏安法):EEG(脑电图)Evokedpotential(诱发电位)Voltageclamp(电压钳)Microelectroderecording(微电极测定)Patchclamp(膜片钳)

BehavioralMethods行为方法

Maze(迷宫实验)Conditioningreflex(条件反射)self-administration（自身给药）conditionedplacepreference（条件性位置偏爱）

Basic&ClinicalEvaluationofNewDrugsDrugdiscovery&Drugscreening inVitroorinVivoStudies

Preclinicalsafety&toxicitytesting

（goodlaboratorypractice,GLP）

inVivo-Animalstudies Pharmacology Toxicity–AcuteandChronic

Evaluationofdruginhumans

（goodclinicalpractice,GCP）TheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA,USA)StateFoodandDrugAdministration(SFDA,China)PhasesofaClinicalTrials：FourPhasesEvaluatingDrugsinHumansPhaseI–HealthyadultvolunteersEvaluationofsafety,Pharmacokinetics(PK),sideeffects???

PhaseII-PatientsEvaluationofefficacy,safety,PK,andsideeffectsDouble-blindplacebocontrolled（双盲对照试验）

PhaseIII–SpecificpatientsubpopulationsDetermineefficacyforspecifi