高中英语人教版一轮学案选择性Unit1ScienceFiction

选择性必修第四册Unit1ScienceFiction主题语境：人与社会(科技与创新)【话题词汇】n.创新；革新n.硬件；硬设备n.数据库4.e­bookn.电子书n.密码n.智能adj.自动的vt.安装vt.上传10.calculatevt.计算11.browsevt.浏览12.reliableadj.可信赖的；可信任的13.portableadj.可携带的14.digitaladj.数字的；数码的15.intelligentadj.智能的；有才智的16.manualadj.手工的；手动的【话题短语】in/on登陆off/out退出thedata存储数据down/off关闭；关机down系统瘫痪intelligence(AI)人工智能informationsuperhighway信息高速公路abreakthrough突破Technology信息技术control远程遥控【话题佳句】2015,ChinesescientistTuYouyouwontheNoblePrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineduetothegreatbreakthroughshehadmadeinmedicine。由于在医学方面取得巨大突破，中国科学家屠呦呦2015年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。thefirstspaceshipwaslaunched,somesci­finovelsandthespacetoyshavebeenlaunchedoneafteranother.自从第一艘宇宙飞船发射以来，一些科幻小说和太空玩具也陆续上市。thenearestfuture,socialrobotswillgaingreaterpopularityamongyoungpeople.在不远的将来，社交机器人将在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。【话题练习】needtokeyinyourpasswordtologin/on.你需要输入密码才能登录。recentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofthetechnology,the3Dprintinghasmadeahugebreakthroughinthefieldofmedicalandeducation.近年来，随着技术的发展，3D打印已率先在教育、医疗领域获得应用上的突破。Ⅰ.重点单词1．________n.小说；虚构故事2．________vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除3．________vt.表明；宣称；公布4．________vt.&vi.假设；假定5．________vt.计算；核算；预测6．________adj.更好的；占优势的7．________n.劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作8．________n.分开；分离；差异；除(法)9．________n.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐10．________vt.&vi.爆炸；爆破11．________n.庄严；庄重；尊严12．________n.约会；预约；委任Ⅱ.拓展单词1．appointvt.&vi.委派；任命→________n．约会；预约；委任2．declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→________n．(纳税品等的)申报；宣布；公告；申诉书3．presumevt.&vi.假设；假定→________adj.假定的；推测的→________n．放肆，傲慢；推测4．calculatevt.&vi.集中；聚集→________n．计算器→________n．计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑5．actvt.&vi.行动；表现；起作用；扮演(角色)→________n．男/女演员→________n．行为；行动；活动→________adj.积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的→________n．活动；行动；活跃6．dividevt.&vi.(使)分开；分成；除→________n．分开；分离；差异；除(法)7．urgen．冲动vt.催促；力劝→________adj.紧急的，急迫的→________adv.紧急地，急迫地→________n．紧急；催促；紧急的事8．explodevt.&vi.爆炸；爆破→________n．爆炸→________adj.爆炸性的；爆发性的；n.炸药；爆炸物9．staten．国家；州；情境；vt.规定；声明；陈述→________n．声称；声明；陈述→________n．夸大；夸张10．maxn．最大量；最大树→________vt.使……最大化，充分利用→________n．最大值；adj.最大极限的；最高的联想拓展男性/女性同一职业写法不同的词：①actor/actress②waiter/waitress③host/hostess④god/goddess⑤prince/princess­de结尾动词变成名词时后缀为­sion的词：①explode－explosion②decide－decision③conclude－conclusion④include－inclusion⑤exclude－exclusionⅢ.核心短语1．________________科幻小说2．________________检测；测试3．________________更像是；更接近4．________________根据；以……的方式(基准)5．________________事物的利与弊；支持与反对6．________________比……更好；更胜一筹7．________________占上风；取而代之；接管；接手8．________________与……冲突或抵触9．________________关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是10．________________(逐渐)减少；消失11．________________有强烈的欲望做某事联想拓展out的短语荟萃①testout检测；测试②turnout朝外；结果是③cutout切断；删除；停止④runout用光；耗尽⑤letout释放；泄漏⑥eout出版；开花；结果是⑦giveout分发；释放“have＋a/an＋noun”短语荟萃①haveanurgeto有强烈的欲望做某事②haveapreferencefor对……有偏爱③haveapassionfor对……有热情④haveatalent/giftfor对……有天赋Ⅳ.重点句型1．it作形式主语的主语从句_________________________helookedsohuman.(课本P2)机器人如此通人性，这使她心烦和害怕。2．“therebe”句型的变形Assheturnedaround,________________GladysClaffern.(课本P2)她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。3．Itis/was...that强调结构________atteno'clocktoday________thefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.(课本P8)就在十点整，第一个时间机器开始工作了。Attimesshe________________________________(有人看到她骑着毛驴)adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.高频考点探究Ⅰ.核心词汇1．appointmentn．约会；预约；委任【典型例句】Ms.Paynesaidshewashonouredtoaccepttheappointmentandlookedforwardtoitschallenges.佩恩女士说她很荣幸接受这一任命，并期待着它所带来的挑战。(1)have/makeanappointmentwithsb.和某人约好……(2)appointvt.任命；委派；指定；预约appointsb.(as)sth./sb.beappointedassth.委任某人……职位appointsb.todosth.指定某人做某事(3)theappointedtime指定时间【练透考点】单句语法填空①I'dlovetomakean________(appoint)withDr.White.②Tom_________(appoint)asmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.③Resultsmayberealizedatthe________(appoint)time.【佳句背诵】[2020·全国卷Ⅰ应用文写作]Theparticipants,eagerandenergetic,gatheredtogetherattheappointedtime,andthrowthemselvesforwardsfromthestartinglinelikearrowsattheschoolgateat7：00am.兴奋而又充满活力的参赛者在指定时间集合，于早上7：00从校门口出发。2．declarevt.表明；宣称；公布【典型例句】Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday.她听托尼说他明天并不想离开她。(1)declarewaron向……宣战declareindependence/bankrupt宣布独立/破产(2)declare...(tobe/as)．..宣布……成为……(3)declarefor/against表示赞成/反对(4)declarationn.声称；声明theDeclarationofIndependence《独立宣言》【练透考点】单句语法填空①Ifnothing________(declare),youcangothroughthegreenchannel.②Britaindeclaredwar________GermanyafterGermanyinvadedPolandinSeptember1939.③Whenexpressinghisopinion，hedeclared________thepolicy，becausehethoughtitcouldbeofgreatbenefittotheeconomy.【佳句背诵】Mydesireistoworkinatechnologygiantasaprogramdesigner.MyparentsdonotdeclarefortheideathatIshouldworkinatechnologygiantasaprogrammer,becausetheyconcernthatImaytaketoomuchpressure.我的愿望是去一家科技巨头担任程序员，但是我的父母不同意我的观点，因为他们担心我会承担太大的压力。3．superioradj.上级的；优秀的n．上级，长官；优胜者【典型例句】Insci­fistories,robotsoftenbeesuperiorandtakeover.在科幻故事中，机器人往往凌驾于人类并接管世界。(1)besuperior/inferiorto...比……高级/低级(2)superiorintelligence更强的智力thesuperiorteam更优秀的队伍besuperiorinnumber数量上占优【巧学速记】自身含有比较意义的形容词(这些形容词没有比较级和最高级)superior更高级的；上级的inferior更低级的；下级的senior年长的；高级的；地位较高的Junior年少的；低级的；地位较低的【练透考点】单句语法填空/完成句子①Amywaschosenforthepositionbecauseshewasfarsuperior________anyothercandidate.②Notonlywasourdefectrate________(low),butthearchitectureanddesignwere________(super)．③Itisthe________________(更强的智力)andtheuseoflanguagethatdistinguishmanfromtheotheranimals.4．urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐【典型例句】Ihadastrongurgetolookattherandomthingsthatwerebeingflashedbeforemyeyes.我迫切想看在我眼前一闪而过的这些东西。(1)haveanurgetodosth.迫切想做某事(2)urgesth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进urgesb.todo/intodoingsth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.极力主张；强调……Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.坚决要求……(3)urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的(4)urgencyn.紧急情况【巧学速记】以­ent结尾的adj.变成名词时需要变成­ency结尾的词：urgent→urgencyfluent→fluencyfrequent→frequencyemergent→emergency【练透考点】单句语法填空/同义转换①Therefugeesintheflood­hitareaarein________(urge)needoffood,medicineandshelters.②Itisstronglyurgedthatthelibrary________(keep)openduringthevacation.③Thereisanincreasingnumberofcitizens________(urge)thegovernmentinto________(do)moreforthedisabled.④Organizeyourgoalsbasedontwocriteria—thedegreeof________(urge)andimportance.随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。⑤Ourteacher_________________withthefinalexamdrawingnear.⑥Ourteacherurges_________________withthefinalexamdrawingnear.⑦Ourteacherurges________________，asthefinalexamisdrawingnear.【佳句背诵】Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewasbeyondourrange,sowedeclined.Butshekepturgingustohavealookatleast.虽然她的描述听着不错，但是价格超出了我们的能力范围，所以我们拒绝了。但是她极力劝说我们至少看一看。Ⅱ.核心短语5．ona．..basis根据；以……的方式【教材原句】Moneypaidforworkorservice,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis.按日或是周结算的工资。(1)onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onaregularbasis＝regularly有规律地(2)basevt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础base...on...以……为根据/基础bebasedon/upon以……为基础/依据(3)beonthebasisof...以……为基础/依据basicallyadv.基本上，大体上【练透考点】单句语法填空①________(base)onemotion，youwillnevermakeanywisedecision.②Withourknowledge________(base)onpractice，wecanmakegreatcontributionstoourcountry.③[2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]First，heshowedusthe________(base)stepsandskillsofpaper­cutting.【写作金句】Justasthesayinggoes，“Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.”；oursuccessisbasedon/uponcooperatingwithothers.常言道，独木不成林。我们的成功建立在与他人合作的基础上。6．takeover占上风；取而代之；接管【典型例句】Insci­fistories,robotsoftenbeesuperiorandtakeover.在科幻故事中，机器人往往凌驾于人类并接管世界。【拓展延伸】over短语总结takeover接管；获得对……的控制或管理handover交出；移交turnover反复思考；翻阅dropover顺便来访pullover靠边停车getover克服；恢复过来blowover吹散；平息；淡忘【练透考点】用以上over的动词短语填空①HenoticedamanbehindhiminablueFordgesticulatingto________.②NowI'll________anewleafandhaveafamily.③Ittookmeaverylongtimeto________theshockofherdeath.④Rumoursarerumours.Itwillsoon________.⑤________toourhouseforavisitandhaveadrinksometime.7．orrather更确切地说(插入语)【典型例句】SoClaireborrowedsomelibrarybooksforhimtoread,orrather,toscan.所以，克莱尔借了一些图书馆的书让他读，或者更确切的说，去扫描。(1)orrather＝morespecifically更确切地说(插入语)(2)rather＝onthecontrary相反的(3)ratherthan(前后连接形式一致，to可省略)而不是【练透考点】用rather，orrather和ratherthan完成下列句子：①Somealsoblametheirparents—theirgenes.Butunfortunately,theparentsarewrongedbecausetheyarenormalinshape,________，slim.②[2015·福建完形]Shelearnedtoappreciatelife________judgeeverythingsoharshly.③Facinguptoyourproblem________runningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.【写作金句】Shedidn'tloseheart.Rather,itmadeherfallinlovewithdanceanddeterminedtobeeasuccessfuldisableddancer.她并没有失去信心。反而，这让她爱上了舞蹈并决心成为一名成功的残疾舞蹈家。Ⅲ.典型句式精析8．Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。(P4)【句型公式】“Itbe＋adj.＋that从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式：(1)Itbe＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that从句(2)Itbe＋名词短语(apity，afact，awonder，ashame，anhonour，nowonder...)＋that从句【语境速测】单句语法填空①Is________surprisinghowquicklychildrencangetusedtoanewenvironment?②Itisobvioustothestudents________theymakegoodpreparationsfortheingexaminations.③________isapitythatJohnandBillcan'tmakeittothehousewarmingparty.④AfterIarrivedinAmerica,Ifoundmyself________(live)inapletelyforeignculture.【写作金句】It'smygreathonortoinformyouthatthisyear'smusicfestivalwillbeheldshortly.很荣幸告知您，今年的音乐节即将于近期举办。9．Itwasatteno'clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.就是在晚上十点时，第一台时间机器开始运转。(P8)【词块必记】Itis/was...that/who强调结构，把需要强调的成分放到此结构中，作为强调的部分。Itis/was...that/who强调结构有如下几个变形：(1)基本结构：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...(2)一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who...?(3)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that...?(4)特殊结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that...【思维拓展】notuntil结构倒装：在not...until...句型结构中，可以把notuntil提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序。如：[2017·天津卷]Ididn'tpursuemycareerasanactressuntilIfinishedmystudies.＝Itwasn'tuntilIfinishedmystudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.(强调句型)＝NotuntilIfinishedmystudiesdidIpursuemycareerasanactress.(倒装句型)【语境速测】单句语法填空/同义转换①Itwasnotuntilyesterday________Iknewmysisterwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.②Hedidn'trealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglishwelluntilhewenttoAmericaasanexchangestudent.转换成Itis/was……that强调结构：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作金句】AlthoughIhadmadefullpreparationsbeforeIlefthometostudyinanewschool,Igotthroughmanydifficulties.Whilestudyingintheschool，Isometimesgottiredofthenewschoollife.Itwasmyteacher'sencouragementthataddedtomyconfidenceandhelpedmegetalongwellwithmystudies.尽管离家上学前我已经做好了充足准备，但是我还是遇到了很多困难。在学校学习期间，我有时会对新学校的生活感到厌倦。是老师的鼓励增强了我的信心让我在学业上取得进步。Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——单句语法填空/单词拼写1．[2020·浦东新区高考英语一模]WhentheRosenthalCenteropenedin2003,HerbertMuschamp,thearchitecturecritic(评论家)________(declare)it“themostimportantAmericanbuildingtobepletedsincetheendofthecoldwar”．2．[2020·江苏卷]WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer________(explode),leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.3．[2019·天津卷]Anearly­warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalancebysignalingthe________(urge)needfortakingpreventiveaction.4．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingat________paceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour.5．[2019·天津卷]________(calculate)biologicalage,ProfessorLevineatYaleUniversityidentifiedninebiomarkers(生物标志)thatseemedtobethemostinfluentialonlifespanbyasimplebloodtest.6．Ifyoutrythosesuggestionsanddon'tseeanyimprovement,schedulean________(appoint)withyourprimarydoctor.7．Helen,far________(super)toanyothercandidate,waschosenasthemanageroftheR&Ddivisionsofaninternationalchemicalpany.8．Thesatelliteenablesus_________(calculate)theirpreciselocationanywhereintheworld.9．Iusedtothinkthattheflyingcarwasar________idea.However,IchangedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinheavytraffic.10．Researchfoundthatmenconsistentlyo________theirowncontributiontodomesticresponsibilitiesandunderestimatethatoftheirwives.Ⅱ.必备知识试题化——选词填空testout；haveanurgeto；onaregularbasis；takeover；besuperiorto1．Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youshouldnotonlyworkout________________，butalsokeepabalanceddiet.2．Trynottoletnegativethoughts________________.3．Ifyou're________________changethewaythisworldisrightnowthen,useyourvaluableknowledgetomakeadifference.4．Thehumanmindwillalways_________________machinesbecausemachinesareonlytoolsofhumanminds.5．Thenewhouseholdrobot,intendedforthosewholivealoneandhavenointerestincooking,hasn'tbeen_________.Ⅲ.教材语篇高考化——语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AhouseholdrobotnamedTony(test)outinLarry'sfamily.Helookedlikeatallhandsomemansmoothblackhair,(speak)inadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhomefortwoweeks.ToacpanywifeClaire,hesentTonytohishome.ReluctantasClairewas,sheagreedtoitatlast.AtherfirstsightofTony,Clairewasalarmed.WhenTonyofferedtohelpherdressing,Clairefeltembarrassed.5．________(gradual),TonybegantowinClaire'strust.HehelpedClairemakeherdreamsetruemakingherhomeelegant,givingheranewhaircut,changingthemakeupsheworeandgivingheradviceonherdresses.，atthepartyalltheguestswereinvitedwerefilledwith(admire)whentheysawherhousewaspletelychanged.Afterthetest,thepanywassatisfiedwithTony'sreporthehadsuccessfullymadeawomanregainherconfidence.假定你是李华。随着科技的发展，微信支付宝等电子支付方式盛行的同时，电子红包在中国也逐渐成为一种常见的交际方式。请给你的美国朋友Peter写一封信，介绍有关情况。要点包括：1．电子红包特点；2．电子红包的使用途径和方式；3．参与人群；4．你的看法。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Step1斟酌打磨丰富句式1．精挑细选——核心词汇想周全①________________随着……的发展②________________充分利用③________________以这种方式④________________沉迷于……⑤________________有正面/负面影响2．遣词造句——句式升级是亮点句式翻译：①随着科技的发展，电子红包，一种节日中来自亲戚朋友的祝福，变得越来越受欢迎。Scienceandtechnologydevelopquickly.E­hongbao,akindofblessingsfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions,isbeingmoreandmorepopularinChina.(with的复合结构)→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②因此，我们需要完善电子红包系统的规章制度，以保证其正常运行。Soweneedtoimproverulesandregulationsregardingthee­hongbaosystemtoguaranteeitsoperation.(尝试使用被动语态)→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step2逻辑衔接连句成文DearPeter，________________________________，e­hongbao,akindofluckymoneyfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions,isbeingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Formanysocialmediausers,grabbinge­hongbaoontheirsmartphonesis____________________.Inthepast,eldersgaveluckymoneyinredpaperstochildren.However,overhalfofthepeoplesendinge­hongbaothroughWeChatorAlipay.It'squiteapopularmeansofentertainmentduringtheSpringFestivalforfunorgivingbestwishes,________________________thesumofmoney_________________________.________________，I'mconcernedaboutthesafetyofon­linepayment.So________________________regardingthee­hongbaosystemtoguaranteeitsoperation.You