7Bunit4知识点语法汇总

（牛津初中英语总复习）7BUnit4一.【精选词汇】㈠重点短语aUFO一个不明飞行物,UFO全写为UnidentifiedFlyingObject,UFO的复数为UFOs(p60)sleepwiththeireyesopen睁眼睡觉一介词短语witheyesopen作伴随状态(p61)《学问链接〉withsth+介词短语或形容词，作伴随状态。e.g.©Hesleepswithwindowsclosed.②MissYangcameinwithabigsmileonherface.3.sneezeandkeepyoureyesopenatthesametime打喷嚏时睁着眼睛〈学问链接〉keepsth+形容词，形容词作宾语补足语，e.g.keeptheroomcleanandtidy〈用法拓展》形容词作宾补有：make+宾语+形容词，find+宾语+形容词，think+宾语+形容词。e.g.①Whatmakesyouhappy?②WefindEnglishuseful.walkontiptoe用脚尖走路一>ontiptoe用脚尖，onfoot步行。留意此处这两个名词不能用复数。oneSundaymorning一个星期天的早晨，one…在时间状语中,前面不能加介词。(p62)asusual像g常一样一thanusual比寻常更・・.(这两个短语不能用usually)《学问链接)usual—>usually,usual一反义词unusual,usually一反义词unusuallye.g.①Thismorningshegotupearlyasusual.②Thismorninghegotupearlierthanusual.hearawhisperfromthebushesbehindthetree听到树后灌木丛传来低语声〈学问镯妾〉⑴whisper⑴vi.低语e.g.Shewhisperedinhisears.(2)n/氐语=asoftnoise(常用复数whispers)e.g.Theyweretalkinginwhispers.(2)fromthebushes从灌木丛一inthebushes在灌未丛中searchcarefully认真搜寻〈学问链接〉search⑴vt.搜查;搜身,e.g.searchsp搜查某地，searchsb搜某人的身。留意:searchforsb查找某人。e.g.①Thepolicesearchedhishouse.警察搜查他的房子。②search…for...搜查某地或某人的身来查找…e.g.Theysearchedthehouseforthethief.(2)vi.搜寻;查找searchfor...—lookfor...e.g.Shesearchedforherlostkey.makeasoundlikeawhisper=soundlikeawhisper听起来像低语声laterthatday那天晚些时候一later稍后，lateron以后，latest最的，lately最近；近来〈学问链接)⑴Seeyoulater,回头见;回见⑵I'llexplainittoyoulateron.待会儿我将向你说明。碗近；近来①lately用于否认句、疑问句中②recently用于确定句中。lately和recently都常用于现在完成时中，e.g.Ihaven'theardfromhimlately.takecareof=lookafter照看、照料某人；保管某物《学问链接〉takegoodcareof=lookafter...well好好照看某人，保管好某物〈用法拓展》被动语态betakengoodcareof,belookedafterwell记住：不能丢掉介词of,afterthefollowingday=thenextday其次天-^thefollowing...=thenext...接着的…，其次…be/feelfrightenedof=be/feelafraidof=bescaredof可怕…，后接名词、代词或动名词。〈学问镯8〉(lhlittleafraid有点可怕⑵frightenvt「恫吓，Don5tfrightenher.Sheisjustachild.kickastoneoracan踢石头或罐头(p65)veryfew彳艮少一verylittle彳艮少e.g.Shedislikesbananas.Sheeatsveryfewofthem.〈学问链接)—>justafew只有/只要几个，justalittle只有/只要一点没有veryafew,veryalittletakephotos拍照一takeaphoto拍照一takeaphotoofsb给某人拍照(p67)liveupto150yearsold活到150岁-liveupto…活到…岁(p70)smellthingsaswellasdogscan嗅觉和狗一样灵敏—>aswellassbcan和…一样好〈学问链接)as+形容词或副词原级+assbcan/could=as+形容词或副词原级+aspossible尽某人所能…；尽可能…，e.g.①PleasespeakEnglishasmuchasyoucan.②Theflowersshouldbewateredasoftenaspossible.writeathank-youletterto...给某人写感谢信一writeacongratulationletterto…写庆贺信给…rememberyourwordsabouttortoises一remembersb'swordsabout...t己得某人说的…的话decidetodosth=makeadecisiontodosth=makeupone'smind(s)todosth打算做某事(学问链接》Wedecidedtogothereagainnexttime.=Wemadeupourmindsto...(p72)eatitasdinner把它当饭吃，as当作；作为一Don'ttreathimasachild.别把他当作小孩儿。 ——namethefoodaftertheman以这个人的名字给该食品命名(p73)〈学问链接)name...after...,e.g.Peoplenamedtheschoolafterthehero.〈用法拓展》aboycalled/namedTom一个叫汤姆的男孩dressesmadeofsilkandcotton丝绸和棉布做的衣服，过去分词短语作后置定语。(p75)enjoythevisittothemuseum-visitvt.访问；参观(灾难、疾病)侵袭n.访问；参观〈学问链接)⑴作动词时直接加宾语，e.g.①Ivisitedhimtheotherday.②ThetyphoonvisitedTaiwan.⑵作名词时，其后加to。~①thevisitto…到…的参观②beonavisitto…参观…;巡游…③payavisittosb=paysbavisit访问某人(3)visitingcard名片⑷visitorn,来访者；观光者；游客一复数visitors㈡词汇解析1.strange=usual不寻常的一stranger生疏人“宠爱”的不同表达：(Dbecrazyabout+名词/代词/动名词，对..•着迷/痴迷②lovetodo,lovedoing宠爱…③befondof+名词/代词/动名词,爱好...④liketodo,likedoing,宠爱⑤disliketodo,dislikedoing不宠爱@hatetodo,hatedoing厌烦hard-working勤勉的，勤奋的一反义词：lazy懒散的poisonn.毒；毒素一poisonousadj.有毒的e.g.①Somemushroomscontainadeadlypoison.②poisonousgas有毒气体名词变为形容词的类似构造：danger一dangerous,humour—>humorous,fame—>famouscolourTVset彩电，black-and-whiteTVset黑白电视机inventvt.制造；制造一inventionn.制造物；制造物(复数inventions)-^inventorn.制造家during(l^rep,在・・・期闻只能接短语，不能接句子；e.g.QvisitedLondonTowerduringmystayinBritain.②duringthe1990s③duringthewinter©duringone飞lifetime在某人的一生中(2)during表示发生的时间，for则答复howlong的问题。e.g.ShestayedinNewYorkforaweek•不彳乍ShestayedinNewYorkduringaweek.二.【重点句型】It'slustaplane.Ifsonlythelightontheplane.(p60)〈学问镯妾〉only=just仅仅，e.g.just/onlyalittle只有一点，only/justafew只有几个Theworldisfullofamazingthings.世界布满了奇异的事物。〈学问链接〉⑴amazevt.使惊异，使惊异一>amazing=surprising令人惊异的一amazed=surprised感到惊异的一beamazedatsth对某事感到惊异一inamazement惊异地e.g.Theamazingnewsamazedus.=Wewereamazedattheamazingnews.(2befullof...=befilledwith...布满...，e.g.abasketfullofflowers满满一篮子花(留意：fill...with...)〈用法拓展)(Dfillvt.布满,装满fill...with…把…装满…，e.g.fillthebottlewithwater(2)full吃饱的一反义词hungrye.g.I'mfull.Tmnothungry.IttakesaboutthreedaystotravelfromEarthtothemoonbyrocket.(p61)〈学问链接)Ittakes/took/willtakesbsometimetodosth,花费某人一段时间做某事。Earth=theearth地球，类似的天体有thesun,themoon,theuniverseoThereisnoplantlifewithoutlightning.没有闪电就没有植物。〈学问链接》withoutprep.无；没有；不⑴without引导的介词短语在句中作状语，相当于if引导而条件状语从句。e.g.①Wecan9tlivewithoutairorwater.=Wecan'tliveifthereiseoairorwater.②withoutanything=withnothing(2淆…，带有，和…在一起，with短语在句中作伴随状语,强调在谓语动作发生的同时，伴随发生的另一种行为。e.g.①Withthesewords,helefttheroom.说着这些话，他离开了房间。②Heleftwithoutsayinganything.一Isn'tthatinteresting?一Yes,itis./No,itisn't.一留意否认疑问句确实定、否认答复。Theyturnedaroundbutcouldnotseeanythingusual.(p62)〈学问链接)⑴turnaround(T)=tumabout向后转②围绕e.g.Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(2)notanything=nothing,形容词usual修饰不定代词时后置，即：不定代词+形容词Theylistenedverycarefullyandheardthestrangenoiseagain.留意连词and的徒瓦一〈学问链接》listen表示“听”的动作，hear表示“听”的结果。Helistenedbutcouldn'thearnothing.〈用法拓展》lookfor表示“找”的动作，查找；find表示“找”的结果，找到。Whathappened?一Whatwillhappen?一Whatishappening?一Whathashappened?《学问链接)⑴happentosb发生在某人身上,W学thappenedtosb?某人怎么了？某人出了什么事？留意：不能说成Whatdidsbhappen?e.g.©Therewasaloudnoiseinyourroomlastnigh?Whathappenedtoyou?©Anythingcouldhappentoheratthatmoment.(2)happentodosth碰巧做某事e.g.Ihappenedtobeoutwhenyourang.Hepractisesitevenwhenitrains.一(Deven甚至(2)even+比较级,evenharder更努力(p65)Eddiehateswakingupearly.Hebarksatanyonewhowakeshimupbefore11o'clock.《学问链接)(Dwakeup醒来，不接宾语已g.Mymotherusuallywakesupearly.(2)wake...up叫醒…,属于“动词+副词”构造e.g.①wakehimup②wakeuptheboy=wakeuptheboyWhenwegottothemuseum,theguidegaveusanintroduction.Wefounditveryinteresting.俘问镯g)(1Introduce—introduceAtoB把A介绍给B,introduceoneselftosb向某人做自我介绍eg①CanIintroducemyselftoyou?②MayIintroducemyfirstguestontheshowtonight...(2)introductionn.介绍，引见;序言,前言e.g.①aletterofintroduction介绍信(2)Thebookhasanexcellentintroductionandnotes.该书有精彩前言和注释。Wereyoutiredafterthevisit?No,Iwasn't.Iwasveryexcitedtoseesomanyamazingthings.However,scientistsbelievetheywerenotthefirstanimalsonEarth.(p69)《学问链接》(Dhoweveradv.然而,其后加“逗号”，可置于句首或句中,如：Wethoughttheresultswerecorrect.However,wehavenowdiscoveredsomemistakes.『比较』but连词，但是，连接并列句，如：Heisveryyoung,butheknowsalotabouthistory.(2)believe=think认为，后面常接that弓|导的宾语从句。(3)thefirst第一个人或物，e.g.Samwasthefirsttoarrive.Somedinosaursateplantsandothersatemeat,buttheydidn'teatgrass.(p69)_ (学问链接)Some...other/others…一些…其他的・・・Theyalllivedonland.—>onland在陆地上,e.g.Whatisthebiggestanimalonland?〈学问链函⑴all作副词时,通常放在动词be之后，行为动词之前。⑵all作代词时，常用作allof+名词复数/us/you/them。⑶all表示两者以上都，both表示两者都。Thankyouforyourhelp.=Thanksforyourhelp.=Thankyouforhelpingme.(p71)〈学问链接〉⑴Thanksbforsth.因某事而感谢某人。⑵Thanksbfordoingsth,感谢某人做某事。Itsaysthatgoldfishcanonlyrememberthingsforthreeseconds.Itsaysthatweeatabout27,000kilosoffoodduringourlives.Thafstheweightofaboutsixelephants.〈学问链接〉⑴115@丫$m@1+陈述句.=1宜$$@1(1由@1+陈述句・据说…。(2)duringone'slife/lives在某人的一生中一duringone'slifetime,e.g,Duringherlifetime,HepburnearnedfourmoreOscarnominations.(3)weighvi.重一weightn.重量，e.g.①一Howmuchdoyouweigh?—Iweigh120pounds.②Howmuchdoyouweigh?=Whatisyourweight?你多重?Isthereanythingaboutanimalsinthebook?一inthebook在书上，指书里的内容，不能用on。Thetallestmanweighed222.71kgwhenhewas21•一thetallestmaninhistory史上最高的人〈学问镯妾〉whensbwas...(yearsold)=attheageof…在…岁时,请做题，每空填写一词Hecouldswimwhenhewas8.=Hecouldswim of8.OncetherewasamancalledSandwich.一once从前；曾经,用于——般过去时。(p74)〈学问链接)once或onceuponatime意思是“从前”,故事的开头语。e.g.Oncetherewasagiant.〈用法拓展)⑴once一次/一倍，twice两次/两倍，threetimes三次/三倍，fourtimes四次/四倍，manytimes很屡次/很多倍(2)oncemore=onceagain再一次①Writeitonceagain.②Yesterdayoncemore.(3)①atonce=rightaway=immediately马上；马上②allatonce=suddenly突然三.【语法详解】一般过去时㈠一般过去时的构成主语+过去式否认式主语+didnot+动词原形主语+过去式否认式主语+didnot+动词原形Did+主谱十动词原形否认疑问式Didn't十主诺干动词原形王语+was/werenot式‘问2含动词be的一般过去时的构成SOS否认疑问式Wasn't/weren't十主语SOS否认疑问式Wasn't/weren't十主语±+was/wereWas/Were+主语3.过去式的构成分为规章变化和不规章变化两种形式:(1规章变化分为四种：留意词尾-ed的发音有三种。规章直接加-edke结尾的加-d1音字母+y结尾的一例列walk—walked,play—playedtivu~—lived,OSU~—used,~diu——died,~complei一completedcry—>criudy+ied个读闭音节，双写尾字于加-edplan一planning,stop一stopping,prefer一preffeirin]chat一chatting⑵不规章变化：See7B教材p]12㈡一般过去时的用法.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastnight,thismorning,in2023。.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作。这常常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。e.g.Shealwayswantedtobeanactress..在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。eg①Theyplannedtogooutingifitwasfinethenextday.②Helenhadleftherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcameback.4在由before,after,assoonas等连词引导的从句中，当从句的动作与主句的动作前后紧接时，可用一般过去时取代过去完成时，即两动作都用一般过去时。e.g.AfterIfinishedmywork,Isatdowntoreadthenewsp叩er.干完活后我就坐下来看报纸。.当谈及过去一系列平行动作时，可都用一般过去时同时表示“同时”或"先后”。e.g.①Sherantothebed,pickedupherbabyinherarms.②Heranoutandshutthedoor..在谈论去世的人物时，用一般过去时侧重当时的状况；用一般现在时侧重对现在的影响。①LuXunwasagreatwriter.②BeethovenisoneofthegreatestmusiciansinGermany.四.【中考真题】wasthedrawingandboughtitfor300yuan.（2023辽宁）A.goodat B.badat C.interestedin D.terrifiedofIfyouare（fill）withconfidence,you'Hbehappyallthetime.（2023徐州）AlltheclerkswenthomeMrWang,forhehadtofinishhiswork.（2023四川）A.except B.besides C.without D.withInsomeforeigncountries,suchasCanada,childrenusuallyleavetheirparentswhentheygrowup.Itmakestheoldfeel（2023盐城）A.alone B.lonelyC.frightened D.enjoyableShirleyhadtobuytheseCDsbecauseshedidn'tknowwhichonetake.（2023苏州）A.all B.none C.each D.bothXiaoLiistherightpersontoshowtheforeignersaround,forofuscanspeakEnglish.（2023河南）A.all B.each C.both D.noneYoushouldlistentoyourteacher（careful）inclass.（2023南京）一Isupposewe'llgotoplanttreesnextweek.—Terrific!Plantingtreesisalotoffun.Tdliketoyou.（2023江西）A.visit B.join C.follow D.meet9.一BobspeaksEnglishChinesequitewell.一Yes,hedoes.HepractisesChineseeveryday.A.speaking B.speak C.speaks D.spoke（2023吉林）我想知道世界上正在发生什么事情。（依据汉语提示，每空填写一词）（2023山东）I want toknow .一Howdoyouknowthatshelikessinging?一Ioftenhearherafterclass.（2023南通）A.tosing B.sang C.sing D.sings一Doyouhearher inthenextroom?一Yes.Itsoundsperfect.（2023福建）A.sings B.tosing C.singing D.tosinging一It'stimeforsports.一Lefs oursportsshoes!（2023浙江）A.putaway B.putup C.puton D.putdownIt themabouttwoweekstomakeatriptoAustralia.（2023甘肃）A.spent B.cost C.paid D.tookNowmanyChinesefarmersliketravellingfromoneplaceto toenjoythebeautifulsceneryofourcountry.（2023盐城）A.other B.others C.theothers D.another一Therearetwonewcarsinfrontofthecompany.一Oneismine,andisthemanager's.A.other B.others C.theothers D.others一Excuseme.Isthenextbusstopfarfromhere?—Notveryfar.Itonly youfiveminutesonfoot.A.spends B.costs C.takes D.getsThisbasketofvegetables 2kilos.Theyarefresh.（2023淮安）A.weigh B.weighs C.areweighed一Who （come）toyourschoolyesterdayafternoon?一TwentyexchangestudentsandtheirteachersfromEngland.（2023连云港）一TomorrowwillbeFather'sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather?一Iwillsay"Iloveyou,Daddy"assoonashe up.（2023南通）A.willwake B.iswaking C.wakes D.wokeYesterdaymorningTomhurriedtoclass hisschoolbooks,sohehadtoshareMaryas.A.without B.fo