高三英语限时训练卷4

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页高三英语限时训练卷4考试时间：命题人：审题人：英语组一、阅读理解Whatmakesawordreal?Whohasthepowertomakethosekindsofofficialdecisionsaboutwords?Thosearethequestionsmanypeoplehaveinmind.Whenmostpeoplesayawordisn’treal,whattheymeanisthatitdoesn’tappearinadictionary.That,ofcourse,raisessomeotherquestions,including,whowritesdictionaries?Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.They’rewatchingwhatpeoplesayandwhatpeoplewriteandtryingtofigureoutwhat’sgoingtostickandwhat’snotgoingtostick.EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.Thereareabout200or300peoplewhocome.Someofthemarethebestknownlinguists(语言学家)intheUnitedStates.Inthepast,someofthewinnershavebeen“staycation”todescribeavacationspentathomeand“tweet”todescribeapostmadeonthesocialnetworkingserviceTwitter.Sohowdoesawordgetintoadictionary?Itgetsinbecausepeopleuseitandpeoplekeepusingit,anddictionaryeditorsarepayingattentiontopeople.Ifacommunityofspeakersisusingawordandknowswhatitmeans,it’sreal.Thatwordmightbeinformalandthatwordmightbeawordthatyouthinkisillogical(不合逻辑的)orunnecessary,butaslongaspeopleareusingtheword,itisreal.Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.Ihopeyoucanenjoybeingpartofthecreativitythatiscontinuallyremakingourlanguageandkeepingitalive.1．Whydodictionarieschangeovertime?A．Speakerskeepchanginglanguage.B．Linguistsoftenmakeupnewwords.C．Dictionaryeditorschangeeveryyear.D．Wordsinthedictionaryareoutofdate.2．Whohastherighttodecidethewordoftheyear?A．Newwordsinventors. B．AmericanOfficials.C．Dictionaryeditors. D．Famouslinguists.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staycation”meaninparagraph3?A．Takingaholidaywhileworking. B．Workingonlineathome.C．Stayingathomeforthemoment. D．Goingonavacationathome.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslanguagechanging?A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Uninterested. D．Confused.二、七选五Thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs,butinmodern-daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofaddictions.Somepeoplearecompulsive(难以自制的)shoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.6Overtheyears,shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity.Manypeopleenjoygoingtomallsorstoresmoreandmoreeveryday,butit’smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeofthem.Theyhaveturnedintoshopaholics.7Theyarehookedon(迷上)shoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.Eventhoughtheydon’thaveenoughmoney,theybuyeverythingtheywant.8Thereisn’taspecificanswer.Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad,worried,upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopaholicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething.Theyalsotendtohavethisaddictionwhentheyfeelguilty.9Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.However,theprocess,likeformostaddictions,islong,andtheysufferalot.10Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankrupt(破产)andgetsenttoprison.A．Shopaholismseemstobeaharmlessaddiction,butitcanresultinmanyproblems.B．StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputergames.C．Theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingandwalkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoingit.D．Thequestionis:whydotheyhavethisaddiction?E．Itcanalsocausefinancialproblems.F．Accordingly,theseshopaholicsshouldturntoacertainorganizationforhelpsothattheycanstopcompulsiveshopping.G．Herearesomewaystohelpyoudealwithshoppingaddiction.三、完形填空Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,11canalsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin,12theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll13thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createchaos（混乱）andthen14ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep15.Irememberthefirstreally16customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas17absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrathersurprisedthatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she18forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflatbyherself,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith（应对）,she’dtakenitoutonotherpeople.Thattaughtmeavaluable19andIpassitontothepeoplewho20inthemarket.Don’ttakeit21.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot22.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego（自我）get23.Ifyoudo,youwon’beableto24itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat25everyone’sday.11．A．shopkeepers B．customers C．salespersons D．receptionists12．A．saying B．pretending C．guessing D．replying13．A．agree B．promise C．imagine D．swear14．A．forget B．decide C．discover D．assume15．A．fighting B．smiling C．waiting D．changing16．A．generous B．polite C．careless D．difficult17．A．curiousabout B．displeasedwith C．patientwith D．uncertainabout18．A．searched B．argued C．prayed D．apologized19．A．lesson B．trick C．skill D．trade20．A．work B．shop C．meet D．quarrel21．A．kindly B．secretly C．personally D．casually22．A．ready B．away C．up D．well23．A．outofsight B．intheway C．behindthescene D．abovethelaw24．A．stress B．expect C．handle D．blame25．A．ruins B．makes C．starts D．saves四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aseedbankstoresseedstopreservegeneticdiversity;henceitisatypeofgenebank.Manypeoplemaywonder____36____theseedsarestored.Oneofthemajorreasonsistopreservethegenesthatplantgrowersneedtoincreaseyield(产量),diseaseresistance,droughttolerance,nutritionalquality,andthetasteofcrops.Anotheristoprevent____37____(lose)ofgeneticdiversityinrareorendangeredplantspeciesin____38____efforttoconservebiodiversity.Manyplants____39____(grow)centuriesagobyhumansareusedlessfrequentlynow;seedbanksofferawaytopreservethathistoricalandculturalvalue.Collectionsofseedsstored____40____constantlowtemperatureandlowwaterlevelareguardedagainstreductionofgeneticresourceswhichareotherwisemaintainedinfieldcollections.Thesealternative“living”collectionscan____41____(damage)bynaturaldisasters,outbreaksofdisease,____42____war.Containingvaluableinformationaboutevolvedstrategiestoreduceplantstress,seedbanksareconsideredseed____43____(library),andcanhelptocreategeneticallymodified(调整过的)versionsof____44____(exist)seeds.Theworkofseedbanksoftenspandecadesandevencenturies.Mostseedbanksare_____45_____(public)fundedandseedsareusuallyavailableforresearchthatbenefitsthepublic.答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页参考答案：1．A2．C3．D4．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着人们的使用而变化，进而字典也会发生变化，并介绍了新词是如何进入字典的。1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.”（现在，字典是很好的资源，但它们是可变的。如果你问字典编辑，他们会告诉你，他们只是在努力跟上人们改变语言的步伐。）故可推知，字典的变化是根据人们语言一直发生的变化而变化。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.”（每年一月，词典编辑们都会参加美国方言协会会议，在那里，他们会决定年度词汇。）可知，每年的一月，字典编纂者会去美国方言协会参加年度会议，他们会决定年度词汇。故选C项。3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词该句中的“…todescribeavacationspentathome”（用来形容在家度过的假期）故可猜测，staycation为表示“在家度假”的意思。结合选项D项Goingonavacationathome“在家里度假”意思一致。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.”（我希望你能做的是发现语言的变化不是烦人的，而是有趣的，就像字典编辑所做的那样。）可知，作者希望你能够意识到：语言变化不是令人烦恼的，而是有趣的，所以作者对于语言变化的态度是积极的。故选B项。6．B7．C8．D9．A10．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了购物上瘾及其危害。5．上文“Somepeoplearecompulsiveshoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.”（有些人是强迫性的购物者。其他人发现自己无法脱离工作）提到了两种新的成瘾类型，B项(还有一些人花无数个小时看电视或玩电脑游戏)与上文构成并列关系，接着介绍一种成瘾类型，故选B。6．空处与下文“Theyarehookedonshoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.”（他们沉迷于购物，通常会买他们不需要的东西）并列，举例说明上文提到的shopaholics（购物狂）的具体表现，C项（他们只是喜欢购物，到处乱花钱，停不下来）符合语境，故选C。7．下文“Thereisn’taspecificanswer.”（没有一个具体的答案）表明此处需要提到一个问题，D项（问题是：为什么他们会有这种瘾？）符合语境，故选D。8．根据下文“Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.”（其中一些可能是心理上的。如果是这样的话，购物成瘾的人应该去找一个支持小组来帮助他们改掉这个习惯）可知，购物上瘾也会带来一些问题，A项（购物上瘾似乎是无害的，但它会导致许多问题）符合语境，故选A。9．根据下文“Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankruptandgetsenttoprison.”（他们只是想满足自己的感受，所以他们会花掉自己没有的钱。他们债台高筑，甚至可能破产入狱）可知，购物上瘾可能会导致财务问题，E项（它还可能导致财务问题）符合语境，故选E。11．B12．A13．D14．C15．B16．D17．B18．D19．A20．A21．C22．D23．B24．C25．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者以自身营商的经历，向人们传递宽以待人并保持乐观心态的重要性。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何你喜欢的人一样，客户也会让你发疯。A.shopkeepers店主；B.customers顾客；C.salespersons售货员；D.receptionists接待员。

根据上文“Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.”和“Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection”可推知，此处应表示，但就像任何你喜欢的人一样，客户也会让你发疯。故customers符合语境，为原词复现。故选B项。11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说他们的手提包被偷了。A.saying声称，说；B.pretending假装；C.guessing猜测；D.replying回复。根据空前的“They’llcomerushingin”和设空处后的“theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.”及“leftitinthechangingroom”并结合常识可知，此处应指，顾客们会冲进店里，声称自己的手提包被偷了。故saying符合语境。故选A项。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会肯定地说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混乱，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A.agree同意；B.promise承诺；C.imagine想象；D.swear肯定的说。根据空处后的“leftitinthechangingroom”和“createchaos”并结合选项可知，此处指顾客们很肯定的说他们把手提包落在了更衣室中。故选D项。13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会肯定地说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混乱，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A.forget忘记；B.decide决定；C.discover发现；D.assume假设，假定。根据空后处的“ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.”和常识可知，此处应指顾客们很肯定的说他们把自己的手提包落在更衣室了，结果发现他们的包一直在自己的车上。故选C项。14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多生气，但是我试着说服他们保持微笑。A.fighting战斗；B.smiling微笑；C.waiting等待；D.changing改变。根据上文“Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget”店员会生气，以及该句中的but转折可推知，此处表示作者会试着说服店员保持微笑。故选B项。15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在科文特花园遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A.generous慷慨的；B.polite礼貌的；C.careless粗心的；D.difficult难以取悦的，困难的。

根据下文“nothingwasright”可知，这位顾客很难打交道，故此处描述的应该是作者记得自己遇到的第一位真正难打交道的顾客。故选D项。16．考查固定短语辨析。句意：她对一切都很不满意，觉得什么都不对，我很惊讶她竟然成为了一个“常客”。A.becuriousabout对……好奇；B.bedispleasedwith

对……不满意；C.bepatientwith对……有耐心；D.beuncertainabout对……感到不确定。根据句意以及该句中的“nothingwasright”可推知，此处为表示这位顾客对一切都很不满意，觉得什么都不对。故选B项。17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A.searched

寻找；B.argued争论；C.prayed祈祷；D.apologized道歉。根据上文“shebecamea“regular””和设空处后的“thewayshebehavedatthebeginning.”并结合常识可知，此处应表示，过了一短时间，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologized意为“道歉”符合语境。故选D项。18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在商场上工作的人。A.lesson课，道理；B.trick技巧；C.skill技能；D.trade贸易。根据该句中的“taughtmeavaluable”以及下文“andIpassitontothepeoplewho10inthemarket.”可推知，此处为这位顾客的行为给作者上了宝贵的一课，作者把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。故选A项。19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在商场上工作的人。A.work工作；B.shop商店；C.meet遇见；D.quarrel吵架。根据句意以及该句中的“inthemarket”，结合前文的shopstaff以及作者讲述自己作为商人的经历可知，此处应指作者要把自己学到的这一经验传授给在商场工作的人。故选A项。20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：别把它放在心上。A.kindly亲切地；B.secretly秘密地；C.personally就个人而言，当面地，直接地；D.casually随便地。根据下文“Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.”可知，如果一个顾客很粗鲁或者很难相处，你就想“也许她和她丈夫吵架了。”由此可推知，此处应指，不要因为别人的言行针对自己而不快。takesthpersonally意为“因为某人的言行针对自己而不快”。故选C项。21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不舒服。A.ready已完成；B.away离开；C.up向上；D.well好的，状况好的。根据上文提到的不要往心里去，以及后面提到的解释原因，可知，此处应为另一个让你不要往心里去的原因，即可能她的孩子不舒服。故选D项。22．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A.outofsight

看不见的；B.intheway挡路，妨碍；C.behindthescene幕后；D.abovethelaw在法律之上。根据句意以及上文“Alwayswateritdown”可推知，此处为表示一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。故选B项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场景，这毁了每个人的一天。A.stress强调；B.expect期望；C.handle处理；D.blame责备。根据下文“andthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可知，此处应指，如果你让自我占据上风，你就无法处理好它，整件事就会演变成让人不愉快的事件，毁了每个人一天的心情。故选C项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场景，这毁了每个人的一天。A.ruins破坏，毁掉；B.makes制造，使得；C.starts开始；D.saves挽救。根据空前的“thewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可推知，此处为表示整件事演变成不愉快的事件后会毁了大家一天的心情。故选A项。26.why27.loss28.an29.grown30.at31.bedamaged32or33.libraries34.existing35.publicly【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了“种子银行”。【36题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：许多人可能想知道为什么要储存种子。“____1____theseedsarestored”在句中作动词wonder的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作状语，根据下文“Oneofthemajorreasonsistopreservethegenesthatplantgrowersneedtoincreaseyield(产量),diseaseresista