英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 4 Body Language第三讲Grammar and Writing 教案

Inallone'slifetimeitisoneselfthatonespendsthemosttimebeingwithordealingwith.Butitispreciselyoneselfthatonehastheleastunderstandingof.人生在世，和自己相处最多，打交道最多，但是人最不了解的也恰恰是自己。GrammarandWriting语法语法精讲Grammar——动词－ing形式作宾语和表语语法感知①However，youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany，asitisnotconsideredpolite.②Elsewhere，peoplefavourshakinghands，bowingfromthewaist，ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.③Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.④Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely，thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.【自主发现】1．第①句中的making；第②句中的shaking和第④句的seeing为动词－ing形式作宾语。2．第③句中的moving为动词－ing形式作表语。语法精讲一、动词－ing形式作宾语1．一些动词后只跟动词－ing形式作宾语，如：admit承认，advise建议，allow允许，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay推迟，deny否认，dislike不喜爱，enjoy喜爱，escape逃脱，fancy想要，finish完成，forbid禁止，forgive原谅，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意，miss错过，permit允许，practise练习，prevent阻止，risk冒险，stop停止，suggest建议等。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.我承认窗子是我打破的。Hetriedtoescapebeingpunished.他设法逃避惩罚。Youshouldn’tkeepthinkingaboutit.你不应该老想着这事。Wouldyoumindgoingwithher?你可否同她一起去？Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。ThedoctorsuggestedthatIavoidsmokinganddrinkingforamonth.医生建议我一个月内不要抽烟喝酒。2．有些动词短语后面也可跟动词－ing形式作宾语，常见的有：insiston，giveup，devote...to...，putoff，keepon，leaveoff，lookforwardto，thinkof，feellike等。Lastyear，myfathergaveupsmoking.去年我父亲戒烟了。Doyoufeelliketakingawalkaftersupper?晚饭后你想去散步吗？ChinesepeoplearelookingforwardtoholdingtheOlympicGamesagain.中国人民期待着再次举办奥运会。Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.他把一生都献给了造福人类(的事业)。Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.在获得更多信息之前，他没有作出决定。Wesucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.我们成功克服了所有的困难。巧记后接动词－ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：·建议考虑坚持练，(suggest，advise，consider，insiston，practise)·允许想象弃冒险，(permit，allow，imagine，giveup，risk)·阻止抵抗否避开，(prevent，resist，deny，escape)·不禁介意保持完，(can’thelp，mind，keep，finish)·承认错过心喜欢。(admit，miss，enjoy)3．在以下结构中常使用动词－ing形式作宾语。·getdowntodoingsth开始做某事·beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事·beworthdoingsth值得做某事·can’tstand/beardoingsth不能忍受做某事·be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事·stop/prevent/keep...fromdoingsth阻止……做某事·bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事·havedifficulty/troubleindoingsth做某事有困难Heisalwaysbusyworkingeveryday，whichhasmadehimhavelittletimetoplaywithhischild.他每天总是忙于工作，这让他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。Ifwehavedifficultyinunderstanding，wecangoandaskhim.如果我们理解有困难，我们可以去问他。[名师提醒](1)有的动词后接动词－ing形式作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。Excusemyopeningyourletterbymistake.原谅我错拆了你的信。(2)有的动词(如advise，allow，forbid，permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语。Headvisedhertobuyacomputerforconvenience.他建议她方便起见买台电脑。(3)有些动词(如consider，understand，discuss等)后虽然不接不定式作宾语，却可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。Haveyouconsideredhowtogetthere?你是否考虑过如何到那儿去？用所给动词的适当形式填空①Itried(garden)butdidn’tsucceed.②Wouldyoumind(move)theboxforme?③Wearealllookingforwardto(visit)themuseumsoon.④Thedeerwasluckyanditjustmissed(catch)bythehunter.【答案】1.gardening2.moving3.visiting4.beingcaught二、动词－ing形式作表语1．用来说明主语的具体内容。在这种情况下，主语和表语通常是对等关系，可互换位置。Hishobbyisreadingbooksinhissparetime.＝Readingbooksinhissparetimeishishobby.他的爱好是在业余时间读书。Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.＝Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是尽可能使演讲厅保持干净。2．用来表示主语所具有的特征，这时多为动词－ing形式的形容词，如：astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。Thenewsthatourschoolwonthegamewasexciting.我们学校赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。Thelectureyesterdaywasveryinteresting.昨天的演讲非常有趣。用所给动词的适当形式填空①Itisquitea(move)story，isn’tit?②Hismaintaskis(sell)smartblackboardsatthemoment.③Inmyopinion，theendingofthemovieis(bore)．④Thematchlookedverycompetitivebuttheresultwas(disappoint)．⑤Themostimportantthingnowis(find)aplacetolivein.⑥Whathepreferstodointhemorningis(run)．【答案】1.moving2.selling3.boring4.disappointing5.finding6.running随堂练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.2．Mydutieswillinclude(introduce)BritishvisitorstothepandasatChengdu.3．(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.4．WhatIdislikeis(stay)uptoolate.5．After(look)atthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.6．Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesn’tnecessarilymean(accept)theactionsofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.7．Thespeechyoudeliveredisveryinterestingand(encourage)．8．Iquicklylowermyself，ducking(低下头)myheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.9．Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学)，Ienjoyed(share)mydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.10．Istillremember(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.【答案】1.eating2.introducing3.Ignoring4.staying5.looking6.accepting7.encouraging8.looking9.sharing10.visitingⅡ.补全句子1．I．我承认犯了一个严重的错误。2．Ifound．我发现和他争论没用。3．Itisworthwhile．在教育上多花钱是值得的。4．canenlargeyourvocabulary.每天记一些新单词可以扩大你的词汇量。5．Ican’timaginehisparents.我难以想象那个男孩对他的父母说话那么粗鲁。6．wasagreathonourtothefamily.被邀请去参加聚会是这个家庭的荣耀。7．MrJonesdecidedtowalktotheuniversity．琼斯先生决定步行去大学而不坐出租车。8．Whilegoingshopping，peoplesometimescan’thelp．在购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服去买他们不需要的东西。【答案】1.admittedmaking/havingmadeaseriousmistake2.ituselessarguingwithhim3.spendingmuchmoneyoneducation4.Rememberingsomenewwordseveryday5.theboyspeakingsorudelyto6.Beinginvitedtotheparty7.insteadoftakingataxi8.beingpersuadedintobuyingsomethingtheydon’tneedⅢ.语法填空Doyouhavesleeping1.____________(problem)？Thenthesetipsmayhelpyou2.____________(fall)asleepfast.Tobeginwith，setasidethethoughtthatyouhavetosleep.Themoreyouthinkofit，the3.____________(hard)youwillfallasleep.Thefoodsyoueatalsoplayanimportantpart.Avoid4.____________(drink)thingslikecoffeeandenergydrinks.Ifyouhaveto，havetheminthemorningandneverintheafternoonespeciallybeforegoingtobed.Don’teattoomuchatnight.Afullstomachwillmakeitmuchmoredifficult5.____________(fall)asleepbecauseyourbodyneedstoworklonger6.____________(digest)thefoodsyouate.Makea7.____________(fix)timetogotobed.Forexample，bynineo’clockintheeveningyoushouldbealreadyinbed.Dothisevenifyouarenotsleepyyet.Once8.____________(follow)thisroutine，youwillgraduallyfindthatyoufeelsleepywhenit’snineo’clock.Makeyourroomcomfortablefor9.____________(have)agoodsleep.Youshouldalsonoticethatsleepingenvironmentalsoaffectsyoursleep.Itmustbeintheroomwhereit’snot10.____________(noise)．Otherwise，you’llfinditdifficulttofallasleepagainafterwakingblems【解析】考查名词的数。句中problem为可数名词，空前没有表示数量的限定词，且根据常识可知，睡眠问题有许多种，故此处应用复数形式。2．(to)fall【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示这些诀窍可能会帮助你快速入睡。动词help表示“帮助”时，后接不定式作宾补，不定式符号to可以省略。3．harder【解析】考查形容词的比较级。此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……越……”。4．drinking【解析】考查非谓语动词。avoid意为“避免”，后接动词－ing作宾语。5．tofall【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示吃饱会使你更难入眠。此处是“make＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构，真正的宾语由不定式充当。6．todigest【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示你的身体要花费更多的时间去消化你吃的食物。7．fixed【解析】考查形容词。此处指在固定的时间上床睡觉。形容词fixed在此表示“固定的”。8．following【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示你一旦遵循这个规定时间，就会逐渐发现一到9点你就困了。follow与句子主语you之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词－ing形式。9．having【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处for为介词，后应接动词－ing作宾语。10．noisy【解析】考查形容词。此处表示必须在不吵闹的房间里睡觉。空处作表语，故应用形容词。写作园地写作园地Writing——描述肢体语言1．介绍肢体语言的应用；2．举例说明肢体语言的作用；3．总结肢体语言在交流中的重要作用。1．Asyouknow，bodylanguageofdifferentcultureshasalotincommonintheworld.正如你所知，世界上不同文化的肢体语言有许多相同之处。2．Bodylanguageisveryusefulbecauseitcanhepyoumakeyourselfeasilyunderstood.肢体语言非常有用，因为它可以帮助你更容易让别人明白你的意思。3．Whenyouaretalkingwithothers，youarenotjustusingwords，butalsousingexpressionsandgestures.当你和别人交谈时，你不仅仅是在用文字，而且还使用表情和手势。4．However，bodylanguageiswidelyusedinourdailylife.然而，肢体语言在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。5．Bodylanguageisextremelyimportantwhenitcomestomakingagoodfirstimpression.在创造良好的第一印象方面，肢体语言极为重要。6．Itcanmakeadifferenceandevenmakeyoumorelikeable.它会有影响，甚至让你更讨人喜欢。7．Inaword，bodylanguageisasimportantaswrittenlanguageandspokenlanguageincommunication.总之，在交际中，肢体语言和书面语、口语一样重要。8．Whenyouuseaforeignlanguage，itisveryimportanttoknowthemeaningsofgesturesandmovementsintheforeigncountry.当你使用一门外语时，了解手势和动作在该国的含义是非常重要的。假如你是李华，你校校报的英文版就身势语的差异进行征稿。请你根据以下表格内容完成一个关于中美身势语差异的英文稿件。身势语美国中国身体接触保持距离，较少接触，尤其是同性之间身体接触较多，例如女性之间可以手拉手等伸舌头一种粗鲁的表现一种尴尬的表现拍小孩的头给予安慰或鼓励表示喜爱注意：1.短文应包括表格所示的全部内容，可适当发挥；2．词数100左右，文章开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：轻拍pat；安慰comfortAswehavemorecommunicationwithforeigners，weshouldpaymoreattentiontothedifferencesinthebodylanguage.第一步审题谋篇主题中美身势语的差异体裁说明文人称第一、三人称为主时态一般现在时布局第一段：强调身势语的重要性，表明写作目的；第二段：根据表格提示，说明身体接触、伸舌头和拍小孩的头的中美差异；第三段：总结差异是客观存在的，提出彼此理解的希望。第二步要点翻译1．从表格中我们可以看到这种情况。Wecanseethissituationfromthetable.2．中国女性经常手牵手走路。WomeninChinaoftenwalkhandinhand．3．这在美国并不常见。ItisnotalwayscommoninAmerica.4．美国人通常站得离彼此不是很近。Americansusuallydon’tstandclosetoeachother.5．他们几乎不碰对方，尤其是同性之间。Theybarelytoucheachother，especiallyforpeopleofthesamesex.6．美国人认为伸出舌头是无礼的，但是中国人却经常使用这种身势语。Americansthinkit’srudetoputoutone’stongue，buttheChineseoftenusethisgesturelanguage.7．他们感到尴尬或羞愧。Theyareembarrassedorashamed．8．中国人会拍拍孩子的头。Chinesepeoplewillpatchildrenonthehead．9．他们喜欢他们。Theylikethem．10．美国人也这样做。Americansdosoaswell.11．他们想表达喜爱或安慰。Theywanttoexpressfavourorcomfort．12．只有充分理解肢体语言的差异，我们才能恰当地进行沟通。Wecancommunicateappropriatelyonlybyfullyunderstandingthedifferencesinbodylanguage.第三步词句升级1．将句1、2、3合并为含有as、which引导的定语从句的主从复合句。Asweseefromthetable，womeninChinaoftenwalkhandinhand，whichisnotalwayscommoninAmerica.2．将句4、5合并为一个并列复合句。Americansusuallydon’tstandclosetoeachotherandtheybarelytoucheachother，especiallyforpeopleofthesamesex.3．将句6、7合并为含有形式宾语it和时间状语从句的并列复合句。Americansthinkitrudetoputoutone’stongue，buttheChineseoftenusethisgesturelanguagewhentheyareembarrassedorashamed.4．将句8、9、10、11合并为含有条件状语从句、时间状语从句的并列复合句。Chinesepeoplewillpatchildrenontheheadiftheylikethem，andAmericansdosoaswellwhentheywanttoexpressfavourorcomfort.5．将句12升级为倒装句。Onlybyfullyunderstandingthedifferencesinbodylanguagecanwecommunicateappropriately.第四步连句成篇Aswehavemorecommunicationwithforeigners，weshouldpaymoreattentiontothedifferencesinthebodylanguage.Asweseefromthetable，womeninChinaoftenwalkhandinhand，whichisnotalwayscommoninAmerica.Bycomparison，Americansusuallydon’tstandclosetoeachotherandtheybarelytoucheachother，especiallyforpeopleofthesamesex.Also，Americansthinkitrudetoputoutone’stongue，buttheChineseoftenusethisgesturelanguagewhentheyareembarrassedorashamed.Furthermore，Chinesepeoplewillpatchildrenontheheadiftheylikethem，andAmericansdosoaswellwhentheywanttoexpressfavourorcomfort.Inaword，differencesdoexist；onlybyfullyunderstandingthedifferencesinbodylanguagecanwecommunicateappropriately.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友罗伯特准备来中国学习，因此想了解一些中国人的肢体语言。请你用英语给他写封邮件，向他介绍一些日常的肢体语言。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearRobert，Iamgladtoreceiveyouremail.Yours，LiHua【参考范文】Dear__Robert，Iamgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwilltellyousomethingaboutbodylanguageinChina.First，inChina，wewaveourhandstosay“hello”or“goodbye”．Second，weusuallygreetourguestsbyshakinghandswiththem.Ofcourse，somepeoplemaynodandsmileinsteadofshakinghands.Third，whenyouareintroducedtoaChinesegroup，theymaygreetyouwithclappingtheirhands.Inaddition，likepeopleinmanyothercountries，wenodourheadstosay“yes”andshakeourheadstosay“no”．Lastbutnotleast，peoplewillholdtheirthumbsuptopraiseapersonifhedoessomethinggreat.Sometimes，webowtoshowgreatrespectandthankstoothers.Ihopethisinformationwillbehelpfultoyou.Yours，LiHua概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Awhileback，Ireceivedane－mailfromaconcernedmother.Init，shedescribedherson’saddictiontosmoking.Shetoldmeabouthowshehaddonethisandthattryingtohelp.Shewasscaredshewasgoingtoloseherson.Shethenaskedmeasimplequestion:“Whatdoyouwishyouhaddonedifferently？”Thequestionwasreallyhardtoanswer.Isimplydidn’thaveanadequateanswer.Atfirst，IthoughtofallofthelittlemistakesImade.Perhaps，ifaddedup，theywouldhavemadeadifference.Afterafewweeksofdeliberation，Ifinallydiscover