中考英语语法二轮复习之虚拟语气用法

中考英语语法二轮复习之虚拟语气用法一、英语虚拟语气的基本概念英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用干陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用干表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望:Hewasnicetous.他对我们很友好。(陈述语气)Don'tbeinsuchahurry.不要如此匆忙。(祈使语气)Itisimportantthatheworkhard.他用功是很重要的。(虎拟语气)Ifhehadapologized,youshouldhavedonesotoo.如果他道歉了，你也应当道歉。(虚拟语气)二、英语虚拟语气的基本类型1.与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be诵常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would.could.might)+动词原形”。如:Ifsheweretrvingharder.herparentswouldn'tbesoanxious.如果她现在更用功些，她的父母也不会这么忧虑了。(可惜他并不用功)IfIknewhernumberIcouldringherup.要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)2.与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”。如:IfI'dseenyou.I'dhavesaidhello.如果我看见你了，我会和你打招呼的。(不巧我没看见你)Iftheyhadinvitedhimtotheparty,hewouldhaveattendedit.如果他们邀请了他参加晚会，他是会参加的。(但他们没激请他)3.与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。如:Ifyousucceededeverythingwouldbeallright.如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。(但你还没有成功)IfIaskedhim,I'msurehe'dhelpus.如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)三、含蓄虚拟条件句分类讲解所谓含蒂虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如:1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中Ishouldbehappytogowithyou.如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=IshouldbehappyifIcouldgowithyou.)Tohavestudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexamination.你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(-Ifyouhavestudiedharder,you...)2.将条件隐含在分词短语中Borninbettertimes.hewouldhavebeenascholar.如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(-Ifhehadbeenborninbettertimes,he...Failingthistime,whatwouldyoudo?假若这次失败，那你怎么办?(=Ifyoufaileddthistime,what...)WalkingaloneinthedarkMarvwouldbetemified.要一个人单独在黑暗中走，玛丽会感十分害怕。(IfMarywalkedaloneinthedark,she...)3.将条件隐含在介词短语中Withoutair.noonecouldive.没有空气，人就不能活。(=Iftherewerenoair.noonecouldlive.)Butforhishelp.hewouldhavefailed.要不是有他的帮助，他就会失败了。(tithadn'tbeenforhishelp.hewouldhavefailed)4.将条件隐含在名词短语中Atruefriendwouldnothavebetrayedme.若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=Ifhehadbeenatruefriend,hewould...)Afewhoursearlier.andyouwonldhaveseenthefamonswrter要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(lfvonhadcomeafewhoursearlier,you...)5.将条件隐含在某些连词中Ididn'tknowthathewasacheat.orelseIwouldn'thavebelievedhim.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(orelsesifIhadknownhewasacheat))I'mreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou.我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=ifIwerenotsobus6.将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyonewhohadseenthatpaintingmighthavetakenitforaphoto.凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(-Ifanyonehadseenthatpainting...)7.将条件隐含在一定的上下文中Don'tbothertoreadallthesepapers.Itwouldtaketoolong.不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=...Ifyoureadallthesepapers.Itwouldtaketoolong)四、错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如:Ifyou'dlistenedtomeyouwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。lfyouwereinbetterhealth,we'dhaveletyougowithus.你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。巩固练习1.-Istillhaven'tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent-It'stimeyou_A.doB.didC.hadD.would2.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored3.lfonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie4.-Yoursisternearlydevotedallhersparetimetohercourseduringthethreeyears.-That'sright.orshethefirstplaceinherschoolinthe2002CollegeEntranceExaminationA.wouldn'ttakeB.wouldn'thavetakenC.hadn'ttakenD.couldn'ttake5.--I'msorryIspentsomuchmoney.Dad.-Iwishyou_soA.hadn'tdoneB.didn'tdoC.haven'tdoneD.wouldn'tdo6.ltseemsasifthesun_roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A.circlesB.iscirclingC.werecirclingD.hasbeencirclina7.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,weallright.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe8.-I'msorrylspentsomuchmoney,Dad-lwishyou_so.A.hadn'tdoneB.didn'tdoC.haven'tdoneD.wouldn'tdo9.Iwouldhavecomeearlier.butl_thatyouwerewaitingformeA.didn'tknowB.hadn'tknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haven'tknown10.ladvisedthathetothehospitalatonce.butheinsistedthathequitewellthenA.besent:wasfeelingB.wassent;feltC.besent:feelD.shouldbesent:shouldfeel【答案详解】1.B。It'stimeyoudid为It'stimeyouthankedAuntLucyforherpresent之略。按照英语语法，it'stime后从句通常要用过去式。2.D。这是otherwise引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的hesitated可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选D。3.C。ifonlv意为"要是……就好了”，其后的句子请语要用虚拟语气，同时根据asthedoctorinstructed中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选C。4.B。or(否则).otherwise.but等连词常表示虚拟条件。此题是与过去事实相反的情况，主句谓语用wouldhave+过去分词。5.A。wish后的宾语从句的谓语要用过去式表示虚拟语气。spent是过去式，所以wish是表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语用“had+过去分词”。6.C。此处asif从句表示与现在事实相反的情况。7.A。Wereitnotfor.=Ifitwerenotfor..，其意为“要不是因为……”，为与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句